Major Acquisition Research Articles

Theory and every thing: acquiring the office of Professor Stephen Hawking as a resource for history and museology

How do the curators of science and technology collections represent the daily realities of doing science? Through the acquisition of Professor Stephen Hawking’s office by the Science Museum, this paper will explore what is involved in making major acquisitions for national collections. How do curators consider what to preserve from the eclectic range of items found in the working spaces of scientists? What do the personal artefacts of a scientist’s life represent, and what do acts of curatorial choices say about the narratives that are foregrounded – and those that are not – in positioning that life historically? And how do those choices illuminate the considerations involved in the way science and technology is represented in our national collections? By going beyond the glass case, we consider what it takes to bring an object into a collection: the intellectual considerations of how its stories are preserved for a nation and the practical considerations required so that items can even be considered for future display. The paper illuminates the formal and informal networks around scientists’ collections, and the processes and judgements that science and technology curators make every day when choosing what could be important for defining our history. Using the Stephen Hawking office as a case study the article explores the representation of scientific practice in museum collections, the relationship of some collections with celebrity and disability, and some of the challenges posed by science and technology acquisitions compared to other types of museum object. The paper explores how knowledge is generated in museum collections, through the act of acquiring a new collection. It asks fundamental questions, which are essential to the fields of museology and science and technology studies, about the contribution to knowledge made by personal scientific objects. It goes beyond the study of collections as artefacts of display in exhibitions and galleries, providing a detailed analysis of a routine but often-neglected aspect of behind-the-scenes museum work: the acquisition of a collection. Arguing that a large and complex collection is a vital tool for understanding the complexity of science, the paper uses the ‘museum as method’ (Thomas, 2016) which prioritises simple curatorial questions and the use of the objects in exploration; this enables scholars and curators to respond to material evidence of scientific knowledge, and identify narratives that are prioritised, and others that are obscured, in the historic record. In doing so, it suggests that curators are uniquely placed to provide insights into the roles of human and non-human actors in the construction of scientific knowledge, demonstrating how the Hawking collection allows us to explore the nature of scientific practice, the creation of scientific celebrity, and the potential to give visibility to disability within the history of science whilst de-centring the myth of the scientific genius in museum narratives.

Literatur Review :Analisis Mengenai Facebook

Abstrack Facebook has far more than 2.91 billion users worldwide, as of October 2021 by following its commitment to “Give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together”. May of Facebook, major acquisition of Facebook, applications of AI in Facebook and Financial plans and challenges. The entire Facebook company will now be known as Meta. The Facebook app, on the other hand, will keep its name, and other apps will not be affected. Facebook is now known as 'Meta' because of its new focus which means 'after' or 'beyond' in Greek. However, Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Messenger are now all part of the 'Meta' company, much like Google's products are all part of the Alphabet company. Artificial intelligence, AI is really essential to Facebook. Keyword: Facebook, Meta, Machine learning

Financial analysis on GEELY major acquisition on Volvo

Financial analysis on GEELY major acquisition on Volvo

Industry News (Jul 2023 to Dec 2023)

This article provides an insightful overview of recent advancements and significant events in organoid research and technology. It covers the transition of HUB Organoids to a private company, the inaugural meeting of the International Society of Organoid Research in Singapore, and developments in organoid group standards at Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital. Additionally, it highlights breakthroughs in automated culture technology, major acquisitions such as Roche's purchase of Herophilus, and substantial funding rounds like Seraxis's $50 million for diabetes organoid therapy, demonstrating the dynamic growth and potential of this field.

MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE GREEK BANKING SYSTEM. A PROFITABILITY EVALUATION ANALYSIS WITH DUPONT MODEL

The unfavorable economic situation, that prevailed in the first five years from the financial crisis that it invaded in Greece in 2010, caused very serious problems regarding the organization of the Greek banking sector. This resulted in the in-depth restructuring of the Greek banking system with acquisitions and mergers in order to create large systemic and crisis-resistant banks, in order to be able to face the looming upcoming profitability problems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the profitability ratios of the both target and bidder banks that they took place in the wave of acquisitions during the financial crisis and to find out if there is any improvement of profitability to the remained bidder systemic Greek banks. For this reason, we examine and analyze the profitability using the DuPont method three years before the acquisition and three years after the acquisition. Essentially, we study whether the major acquisitions carried out by the Greek systemic banks during the financial crisis had improved their profitability in the short and long term time period. So we describe a general theoretical framework of the DuPont model and the theoretical framework profitability ratios that are part of the DuPont modulus
 Keywords: Banks, Mergers & Acquisitions, Profitability, DuPont Analysis.
 JEL Classification: G21, G33, G3.

Reconfiguring resources for strategic posture: Changes of entrepreneurial orientation through acquisition

In order to pursuit opportunities for growth and competitive advantage, firms reconfigure resources for becoming more entrepreneurial-oriented, i.e. more innovative, risk-taking and proactive in decision-making. As an important part of corporate strategy, firms incorporate external resources, e.g. through business acquisitions. Therefore, we study the emergence of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) within an organization by investigating if major business acquisitions alter an acquiring firm’s EO. We measure the acquiring firm’s EO by computer-aided text analysis (CATA) before, during and after an acquisition as historic events by screening letter to shareholders of US-Fortune 1000 companies. Our results from a sample of 202 firms show that companies closing major acquisitions have a significantly higher level of innovativeness while being more risk-averse in different phases of the acquisition process. Additionally, the relatedness (i.e. operating in the same industrial sector) between the acquiring firm and the target firm positively moderates the relationship between closing a major acquisition deal and innovativeness growth. For practitioners, our findings indicate that firms can spur their innovativeness by acquiring companies that operate in the same industrial sector, thus reconfiguring resources in a more productive way and in the same line of business.

GRAPEVINE CROWN GALL: CURRENT DATA AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most widespread and economically important fruit crops in the world based on its capacity to produce high yields of quality fruit, hectares cultivated and its ability to grow in a wide range of climates and soils. However, it is greatly exposed to a wide variety of pathogens, affecting production and fruit quality. Among the potential threats, Allorhizobium vitis, the causal agent of grapevine crown gall represents a limiting factor in grape production worldwide. It causes vine decline and mortality especially in young vineyards and orchards with important economic losses. Owing of the systemic survival of Allorhizobium vitis in grapevine, copper bactericides and antibiotics are ineffective, and they are able to kill only the bacterium on contact. Therefore, the knowledge of pathogen, effective control and prevention strategies, and sensitive detection methods of pathogen are needed to improve the management of the disease. This review highlights the current state of research and the major acquisitions in this field and provides efficient procedures for isolating from tumors and soil. In addition, this paper discusses the different strategies used for the management of grapevine crown gall along with their drawbacks. Moreover, detection methods for rapid and proper identification of the disease bacteria were provided to enhance the efficiency of control measures and prevent the spread of the pathogen.

Estimation of Automotive Parts and Manufacturing Company Using ELECTRE Method

Discussions about remanufacturing was pioneered in the early 1900s by the first remanufacturing association, the Automotive Parts Remanufacturers Association (APRA), active since 1941.Since then, auto parts remanufacturing has gone through many evolutions and spread all over the place, growing and growing countries. Although the rules and regulations were enacted as early as 1940, history reveals that Robert Lund was the pioneering researcher in reproduction due to his major contributions to the field. Lund (1996) surveyed remanufacturers and found that tires, toner, cartridge, electrical equipment and auto parts dominate. Relative to cost and availability of replacement parts to auto parts remanufacturing, design issues, product diversity, clean efficiency, and workforce efficiency were considered, along with obtained through detailed discussions and studies among the breeders in Florida. Major acquisition planning in car parts remanufacturing is investigated through a comprehensive study among US auto parts remanufacturers to balance customer service avoid supply chain complexity Operations uncontrolled key inventory situations. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is one of several decision-making methods used to select the best alternative based on several alternatives on some criteria; One of the methods that can be used is the Law of Elimination ET tests. The Realize (ELECTRE) comments that the method works users pair-wise comparisons of appropriate criteria based on each alternative. User values and speed ranking process, selection web-based application, because there is a lot of research about the decision support system, but only some are used for the application, and this research tries to use the ELECTRE method for web-based application.The alternatives are rajsriya automotive industries PVT. Ltd (A1), Numann Auto Products Pvt. Ltd (A2), Sundram Precision Components Ltd (A3), Prabha Automotive Engineers Pvt Ltd (A4). The Evaluation Parameter are Supply chain manager (DM1), Production manager (DM2), Shipping manager (DM3), Shipping supervisor (DM4), Continuous improvement manager (DM5).

Ellisland: A Museum History. Part 2: Broadening Horizons, 1953–2020

This article examines how a museum collection was developed from the 1950s at Ellisland Farm, the home of Robert Burns from 1788–91. In 1953, following the death of Matthew McKerrow, the Ellisland Trust’s energetic Secretary, the museum entered a new phase which focused more on the modernisation of visitor facilities and the story of farming, rather than the major acquisitions that had characterised collecting at Ellisland in the 1930s and 1940s. Although the focus of collecting and presentation did broaden in scope during this period, the model underlying the collection’s growth continued to exert itself in terms of significance.

The Role of the Board in Unrelated Diversifications: Evidence from an Acquisition Wave in China

Unrelated diversifications are generally more viable in underdeveloped institutional environments because internal markets within the diversified firm can substitute the inefficient external ones. Using a sample of 498 major acquisitions undertaken during an acquisition wave by Chinese listed firms, we find acquiring a target firm in an entirely different industry can cause more severe goodwill impairment losses in the following two to four years, which indicates that acquirer managers tend to overestimate the synergistic gains they could realize in unrelated diversifications. Moreover, a capable board of directors can provide information advantages through outside directorship ties, structural hole position in the interlock network, and specialized committees, thus limit managers to make value-destroying diversification decisions. Further analysis suggests investors tend to prefer such unrelated acquisitions during the acquisition wave, indicating that shareholder expectations drive managers to diversify. By examining the role of boards as information conduits and advice-providers in limiting the cost of diversification in an underdeveloped institutional environment, this study contributes to the literature on diversification, acquisition and corporate governance.

Are Damages to Remainder Parcels in Right-of-Way Acquisitions Stationary? A Spatial Analysis of Appraisal Report Data

The acquisition of private property by right-of-way projects causes economic changes to the remainder of the property. An issue is the deviations in remainder parcel values between appraisers. Therefore, it is vital to understand whether appraisers in different locations consider and value the same or different factors. The objective of this paper is to identify spatial heterogeneity in the factors contributing to damages (as percentages) to remainders of affected parcels. Data on 507 appraisal reports for affected remainder parcels in Tennessee were collected and coded, creating a unique database with 23 variables. Applying a geographically weighted Gaussian regression model uncovered whether relationships were stationary over space. Results show that the local model outperforms the global model with an improved adjusted R2 of 0.81 compared with 0.77 in the global model. The most significant factors contributing to damage percentages that varied spatially are ratio of acquisition, adverse change in utility, major acquisition of landscape, highest and best use changed to assemblage, and major damage to access (landlocked). A larger area, corner parcels, and all categories of existing land use compared with residential use tend to lower the percentage damage to the remainder. Nashville is less severely affected by major damage to access, presumably for its high price of land. This study can assist appraisers in getting an early estimate of damage during partial takings. Property owners will have clarity about the impact of the eminent domain procedure on their land’s price.

Martin Luther's First Major Publication

Martin Luther's First Major Publication Timothy J. Wengert Preface by Richard (Bo) Manly Adams, Jr., Director, Pitts Theology Library, Emory University The Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection was formed at Emory University's Pitts Theology Library in 1987, with a mission of collecting early print and manuscript materials related to the Lutheran Reformation in Europe in the sixteenth century. Through the hard work of its stewards and the generous support of hundreds of donors, the Kessler Collection has grown into the largest holding of Reformation materials in North America, and Pitts Theology Library has become a leading center for international research on the Protestant Reformation. In addition to its books and manuscripts, the Kessler Collection fosters learning through exhibitions, programming, and teaching. The thirty-five years of collection growth have been marked by major milestones, such as the acquisition of Luther's September Testament (1987), the move of the collection to the library's new building and the Jeschke-Graham Reading Room (2014), and the discovery of Martin Luther's inscription on a 1520 pseudonymous pamphlet (2017: https://www.ajc.com/news/local-education/rare-martin-luther-writing-found-emory-university/07yn5JC4RRnEn35GKXHIlO/). The year 2021 marked yet another milestone for the Kessler Collection: the acquisition of its 4,000th item. In anticipation of the collection surpassing 4,000 items, Pitts Theology Library launched a "Kessler in 4K" fundraising campaign in October of 2021, a one-month blitz to fund a major acquisition. With the generous support of more than one hundred and thirty donors, Pitts quickly surpassed its goal of raising $50,000 to acquire the 4,000th item. Working with a book dealer in Germany, we settled upon Luther's 1517 commentary on the penitential psalms. It is altogether fitting that we mark this milestone with the addition of Luther's first publication, a work documented in only one other North American collection. This piece emphasizes how central Luther's work and the development of his thought is to the mission of the Kessler Collection. But its mission has never focused solely on collecting books; rather it is a teaching and research collection, focused on maximizing the impact of these books and manuscripts through digitization, exhibitions, and teaching. To help with that mission, we are blessed to work [End Page 166] with a team of leading scholars who form our advisory board, and none of them has been more dedicated and helpful than our good friend, Dr. Timothy J. Wengert. I am honored that he volunteered to write such a detailed explanation of this work, and I am hopeful that his wonderful essay will show readers the importance of the work of the Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection. Martin Luther's First Major Publication If asked what Martin Luther's first independently published work was, most people would answer with The Ninety-Five Theses.1 But they would be wrong. Instead, a good six months before the Theses found their way into print (on or after 31 October 1517), Martin Luther entered the authorial lists with a Wittenberg publication (Figure 1) that, at first, made no splash at all at the Holy Roman Empire's book fairs—until, of course, his Ninety-Five Theses and the German equivalent (Sermon on Indulgences and Grace from early 1518) made him famous.2 Only then did printers see fit to republish his (early 1517) Seven Penitential Psalms: in 1518 (Leipzig), in 1519 (Leipzig and Strasbourg), in 1520 (Leipzig and Augsburg), in 1524 (Erfurt), and in 1525 (unknown place).3 In 1525, Luther made corrections and refinements so that a second edition came out in 1525 (published in Wittenberg [three printings] and Augsburg) and in 1526 (Erfurt).4 The initial impetus for the 1517 publication seems to have come from Georg Spalatin, the Saxon courtier and supporter of Luther in charge of the territory's educational system, especially the university. Spalatin requested that Luther publish his recently completed lectures on the Psalms (1513–1515), but Luther finally responded with this much smaller project.5 His German translation of the seven penitential psalms (Psalms 6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, and 143) reveals several important aspects of Martin Luther's early biblical interpretation...

An Overview of Facebook’s Journey to Meta - A Case Study

Purpose: Facebook has far more than 2.91 billion users worldwide, as of October 2021 by following its commitment to “Give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together”. Machine learning as well as applied Machine learning helps people to get new contents and related stories. Machine learning (ML) is a technique for recognizing and drawing conclusions from data connections. Speech recognition systems can caption videos on Facebook using machine learning, making them more accessible. The Facebook research team is working with Machine learning technology to give its users the best services. Here an analysis has been done on the history of Facebook, major acquisition of Facebook, applications of AI in Facebook and Financial plans and challenges. The entire Facebook company will now be known as Meta. The Facebook app, on the other hand, will keep its name, and other apps will not be affected. Facebook is now known as 'Meta' because of its new focus which means 'after' or 'beyond' in Greek. However, Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Messenger are now all part of the 'Meta' company, much like Google's products are all part of the Alphabet company. Artificial intelligence, AI is really essential to Facebook. Approach: For this analysis, a sophisticated survey strategy based on secondary data was applied. Findings: Based on the findings, it is clear that to provide high-quality service, Facebook uses leading edge artificial intelligence/machine learning technologies. Originality: To identify the methodologies employed in the organization's services, a study is conducted based on the existing resources. Paper Type: Descriptive Case Study Research

Blackbaud, GoFundMe deals continue acquisition trend in social sector

A pair of major acquisitions in the past month are just the latest in a long line of transactions that have brought consolidation in the philanthropic sector, starting back in 2017 with the formation of Community Brands via the merger of nonprofit software firms Abila, Aptify and YourMembership.

High-Level Acquisition of Maternal Oral Bacteria in Formula-Fed Infant Oral Microbiota.

ABSTRACTThe influx of maternal oral microbes is considered to play an important role in the acquisition and development of infant oral microbiota. In this study, we examined tongue swab samples from 448 mother-infant pairs at 4-month checkups. The bacterial composition of each sample was determined using PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene and the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) approach. Although the infant oral microbiota was distinctly different from the mother oral microbiota, ASVs shared with their biological mother accounted for a median relative abundance of 9.7% (range of 0.0 to 99.3%), which was significantly higher than that of ASVs shared with unrelated mothers. This shared abundance was strongly associated with the feeding method of infants rather than their delivery mode or antibiotic exposure, and formula-fed infants had higher shared abundance than exclusively breastfed infants. Our study presents strain-level evidence for mother-to-infant transmission of oral bacteria and suggests that colonization of maternal oral bacteria is higher in formula-fed infants.

Value drivers of development stage biopharma companies

ObjectiveScholars previously estimated research and development (R&D) costs of the internal drug development process. However, little is known about the costs and value arising from externally acquired therapeutics. This study identifies and estimates the magnitude of factors associated with Biopharma acquisition value.MethodsSDC Thomson Reuter and S&P Capital IQ were screened for majority acquisitions of US and EU Biopharma companies developing new molecular entities for prescription use (SIC code: 2834) from 2005 to 2020. Financial acquisition data were complemented with variables characterizing the target’s product portfolio extracted from clinicaltrials.gov, Drugs@FDA database, US SEC filings, and transaction announcements. A multivariate regression assesses the association of firm value with extracted variables.Results311 acquisitions of companies developing prescription drugs were identified over the study period. Acquirers paid 37% (p < 0.05) more for companies with biologics and gene therapeutics than small-molecule lead drugs. Multi-indication products were acquired for a 12% premium per additional indication (p < 0.01). No significant valuation difference between companies developing orphan and non-orphan designated lead products was observed (18%, p = 0.223). Acquisition value positively correlated with the total number of further products, headquarter location in the US, underlying market conditions, and acquirer market capitalization (p < 0.05).ConclusionsInternal and external drug development consumes many financial and human resources, yet it is important for entrepreneurs, regulators, and payers to understand their precise magnitude and value drivers. This information permits the design of targeted pricing and industrial policies that incentivize the development of novel drugs in areas with high unmet needs.

GCC Sovereign Wealth Funds: Why do they take control?

In this paper, we investigate what are the drivers of cross-border equity acquisitions made by Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. GCC SWFs are considered as relatively opaque investors and strongly politicized, raising some concerns for perceived political and security risks. Using both Logit and ordered Logit models, we test if the usual determinants of SWFs investments still stand when we look at large or majority acquisitions made by GCC SWFs. Unlike results found in the literature investigating the determinants of SWFs cross-border investments, we find that GCC SWFs do not take into account the financial characteristics of the target firm by taking majority stakes, apart from its financial wealth. The economic, institutional and financial factors of the target country as well as the existence of trade agreements between both countries do not matter in their acquisition/control decision. We also find that firms operating in strategic sectors are targeted by GCC SWFs for diversification purposes but not for the purpose of acquisition or control. Overall, our results lend support to the hypothesis that GCC SWFs differ from other institutional investors in terms of acquisition decision strategy and that financial and commercial motives are not the exclusive target of their acquisition strategy.

Valuation and Returns of Drug Development Companies: Lessons for Bioentrepreneurs and Investors

ObjectivesThis study evaluates the association of Biopharma company valuation with the lead drug’s development stage, orphan status, number of indications, and disease area. We also estimated annual returns Bioentrepreneurs and investors can expect from founding and investing in drug development ventures.MethodsSDC Thomson Reuter and S&P Capital IQ were screened for majority acquisitions of US and EU Biopharma companies developing new molecular entities for prescription use (SIC code: 2834). Acquisition data were complemented with drug characteristics extracted from clinicaltrials.gov, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and deal announcements. Thereafter, company valuations were combined with previously published clinical development periods alongside orphan-, indication-, and disease-specific success rates to estimate annual returns for investments in drug developing companies.ResultsBased on a sample of 311 Biopharma acquisitions from 2005 to 2020, companies developing orphan, multi-indication, and oncology drugs were valued significantly higher than their peers during later development stages (p < 0.05). We also estimated significantly higher returns for shareholders of companies with orphan relative to non-orphan-designated lead drugs from Phase 1 to FDA approval (46% vs. 12%, p < 0.001). Drugs developed across multiple indications also provided higher returns than single-indication agents from Pre-Clinic to FDA approval (21% vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Returns for oncology drugs exceeded other disease areas (26% vs. 8%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsClinical and economic conditions surrounding orphan-designated drugs translate to a favorable financial risk-return profile for Bioentrepreneurs and investors. Bioentrepreneurs must be aware of the upside real option value their multi-indication drug could offer when negotiating acquisition or licensing agreements.

Evidence-Based Introduction of Large-Scale Medical Technology Into Healthcare Through Test of Chance and Proof of Concept

Traditional or “off the shelf” or “out of box” method of acquisition of medical devices and technology is currently being challenged by clinical users. As hardware, connectivity, and Health information systems (HISs) are becoming the key enablers of delivery of integrated patient monitoring; there is an increasing requirement for a coproductive approach to the choice and implementation of patient monitoring systems. The complexity of the clinical environment requires a collaboration of many stakeholders with a common focus and shared goals to ensure the correct choices and outcomes are delivered to satisfy requirements of clinical users and the wider system. Implementation of change through operationalization of such technologies is, however, complicated by regulation, accreditation, and standards requirements. In response to these and other issues, clinical engineers are recommending that the safest, efficient, and most effective approach to introduction of new systems is to conduct a test of change prior to major acquisitions of medical devices and systems that carry organization-wide clinical impact. The proposed approach is consistent with the Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle improvement model. In this case study, neonatal intensive care unit was used to assess the introduction of an “integrated patient monitoring system” into NHS Tayside.

The Impact of Institutions on Collaborative Innovations and the Role of Equity‐Based Entry Modes

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of institutional variables on multinational enterprises’ choice between majority and minority acquisitions in their foreign affiliates and how this choice influences their propensity to collaborate with local firms. Using the institutional theory and the transaction costs theory, we develop a number of hypotheses. In particular, we suggest that majority acquisitions will be more likely than minority acquisitions and greenfields to enter collaborative R&amp;D projects in countries that belong to the Civil Law/Eastern European legal tradition, or countries where the protection of minority shareholders is poor. These hypotheses are tested using an unbalanced panel of subsidiaries controlled by British multinationals, located in 39 countries. The results confirm our theoretical predictions.