Majesty's Customs Research Articles

The Process of Establishing His Corean Majesty's Customs Service Quarantine System and the Response to the Influx of Infectious Diseases from 1886 to 1893.

This paper aims to study the quarantine system established by His Corean Majesty's Customs Service (HCMCS) between 1886 to 1893, and how they responded to the influx of infectious diseases such as cholera, led by the Customs Medical Officer of Joseon. The quarantine procedure was not able to operate in the first 11 years of opening the port due to limitations within HCMCS in the P. G. von Möllendorff period. However, as the Shanghai Customs officer, H. F. Merrill concurrently served as the Chief Commissioner, Seoul, HCMCS was directly connected to Shanghai Customs which was a direct model of Chinese Maritime Customs Service. This connection caused HCMCS to build a foundation that enabled the Shanghai quarantine measures to be referred to in 1886. In alignment with this, Acting Commissioner, Jenchuan, J. F. Schoenicke developed the quarantine system of Jenchuan Customs in 1886, using the quarantine system of Shanghai Customs as reference. Jenchuan Customs introduced new concepts, such as Observation Island, Yellow Flag, Free Pratique, and also enforced quarantine inspections on vessels coming from cholera-infected areas. Based on the quarantine system of the Shanghai Customs and Jenchuan Customs, Chief Commissioner, H. F. Merrill established conditions in 1887 for enforcing quarantine inspections on vessels arriving at the ports of Joseon. HCMCS conducted quarantine inspections on vessels coming from areas of infectious diseases, such as cholera, plague, yellow fever and smallpox, adopting concepts such as Customs Quarantine Officers, Quarantine boats, and Quarantine Hospitals. Quarantine hospitals affiliated with customs were founded at each trading port in order to treat patients with infectious diseases. Although His Corean Majesty's Hospital has been known as an 'only Western-style hospital' operated by the Joseon government, it should be noted that also these hospitals contributed medical activities. Meanwhile, document administration was accompanied to handle quarantine tasks. This was a complicated task with the authority structure of two lines: 1) Customs Quarantine Officer - Acting Chief Commissioner, Seoul - Acting Chief Commissioner, Seoul; 2) Superintendent - Dokpan. The actual quarantine of treaty port was implemented by Superintendent - Acting Chief Commissioner, Seoul. Matters of important decisions were accompanied by lower-level reports and higher-level instructions through the document administration procedure with the central government. The efficiency of this method was therefore limited whereas systematic administrative procedures were able to perform. This became the impetus that caused the third Chief Commissioner, Seoul, J. M. Brown to reform the framework of maritime affairs established in the Merrill period.

Traffick, Transit and Transaction: A Conceptual Framework for Action Against Drug Supply

Abstract:Using consultations with local police officers, consideration of some international and national case studies from Her Majesty's Customs and Excise and National Crime Squad and review of research literature, three broad sets of potential criteria for effectiveness and prospects for improvement are noted: (i) taking risks and vulnerabilities of particular structures of criminality into account, disruption‐type criteria could be strengthened by further qualitative research; (ii) opportunity reduction‐type criteria could be strengthened by ‘conjunction of criminal opportunity’ research; (iii) criteria such as transaction prices or ‘costs of doing business’ call for further work by economists. Remaining issues include whether these diverse frameworks should be integrated, and the costs of measuring different levels of enforcement impact

DRUGS IMPORTATION AND THE BIFURCATION OF RISK: Capitalization, Cut Outs and Organized Crime

Qualitative research was conducted with 15 persons convicted of serious offences in connection with drugs importation into the UK, and with 10 informants of Her Majesty's Customs and Excise, with appropriate safeguards. Objectives included an assessment of smugglers' (planners' and organizers') perceptions about 'risk' and how they attempted to reduce risk. Two conceptually distinct forms of risk were identified. Strategic risk is the risk to the planner/organizer ('number 1' man or woman). Tactical risk is the risk to the drugs and to persons other than the planner/organizer. This paper focuses on strategic risk, which is described as differing markedly between (a) the well capitalized, risk-adverse number 1, who is well 'cut out' from danger, and (b) the more risk-tolerant, 'hands on' number 1, who is more directly associated with the drugs and other vulnerable aspects of smuggling operations. The authors give reasons for focusing future work on interactions between the first category of trafficker and control strategies.

Determination of the distribution of cannabinoids in cannabis resin from Morocco using high-performance liquid chromatography. Part II.

Samples taken from 39 slabs of cannabis resin originating In Morocco were examined by highperformance liquid chromatography. These slabs comprised a small representative part of a much larger seizure. Three of these slabs were subject to more detailed examination in order to study and compare their surface and interior cannablnoid contents. For indicating a common origin of resin for forensic purposes, the validity of these results was tested on an additional 28 samples of cannabis resin from Morocco. These were taken from the same number of unrelated seizures made by Her Majesty's Customs and Excise during the period of June 1977 to March 1980.

Book Reviews

Book Reviews in This Article: John Anderson, Viscount Waverley Sir John W. Wheeler‐Bennett. Macmillan & Co. Ltd., 1962. Pp. 430. 45s. British Foreign Policy: The Process of Readjustment 1945‐1961. F. S. Northedge. The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Sir John Winnifrith. Her Majesty's Customs and Excise Sir James Crombie. The Legislative System John C. Wahlke, Heinz Eulau, William Buchanan and Leroy C. Ferguson. Government and Industry in Britain. J. W. Grove. Committees: How they work and how to work them. Edgar Anstey. Committees. Phyllis Bentley. The Nature of Politics. J. D. B. Miller. Further Studies in Hospital and Community. MKenzie, Weir, Richardson, Mair, Harnett, Curran and Ferguson. Interviewing in the Social Services. Elizabeth de Schweinitz and Karl de Schweinitz. Staff Relations in the Civil Service: The Canadian Experience Saul J. Frankel. Economics of Public Health Burton A. Weisbrod. The Derbyshire Miners J. E. Williams.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: The Ecology of Public Administration. By F. W. Riggs. Canada Careers Directory (for High School and Technical Institute Graduates) 1962. Trade Unions in a Free Society. By B. C. Roberts. The Theory and Working of State Corporations with Special Reference to India. By Om Prakash. The Medieval Coroner. By R. F. Hunnisett. Her Majesty's Customs and Excise. Par Sir James Crombie Creative Management. By Norman R. F. Maier and John J. Hayes. A Governor's Notes. By G. Mennen Williams. Social Purpose for Canada. Michael Oliver Canada in a Changing World Economy. By Harry G. Johnson. Taxation in Canada. By J. Harvey Perry.

Book Reviews: The Elimination of Corrupt Practices in British Elections, 1868–1911, Democracy and the Cost of Politics, The Story of Fabian Socialism, The British Parliament, The British Cabinet, Parliament at Work: A Case-Book of Parliamentary Procedure, Parliamentary Reform, 1933–1960: A Survey of Suggested Reforms, Parliament through Seven Centuries: Reading and its M.P.S., Chief Whip. The Political Life and Times of

Book Reviews: The Elimination of Corrupt Practices in British Elections, 1868–1911, Democracy and the Cost of Politics, The Story of Fabian Socialism, The British Parliament, The British Cabinet, Parliament at Work: A Case-Book of Parliamentary Procedure, Parliamentary Reform, 1933–1960: A Survey of Suggested Reforms, Parliament through Seven Centuries: Reading and its M.P.S., Chief Whip. The Political Life and Times of

LONDON

<h3>Importation of New Drugs.</h3> —The procedure governing the importation of new drugs into Great Britain from the United States causes considerable confusion on both sides of the Atlantic. In a lecture, which was recently published in the<i>British Medical Journal</i>, (<b>2:</b>385, 1952) Sir Weldon Dalrymple-Champneys, deputy chief medical officer, Ministry of Health, who is largely responsible for this branch of the ministry's activities, has outlined the present position. The government departments primarily concerned with the importation of drugs are His Majesty's Customs and Excise and the Board of Trade, but they depend on the Ministry of Health for expert advice whenever medical remedies are involved. This applies particularly to "therapeutic substances" as defined by the Therapeutic Substances Act of 1925, i. e., substances "the purity or potency of which cannot be adequately tested by chemical means." Such substances include insulin, penicillin, and blood products. Difficulties arise with preparations

The death of “a surveyor of her majesty's customs in all her plantations and colonies of America.”

The death of “a surveyor of her majesty's customs in all her plantations and colonies of America.”

On the Numerical Ratio of Disease in the Adult Male Community: Deduced from the Sanitary Statistics of Her Majesty's Customs

On the Numerical Ratio of Disease in the Adult Male Community: Deduced from the Sanitary Statistics of Her Majesty's Customs