Majelis Ulama Indonesia Research Articles

Fostering the Ummah's Economy Through the Stockinvestment System: The Views of the Mui for Sustainabledevelopment Goals (SDGS)

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the role of the stock investment system in fostering the people's economy, focusing on the views of the Indonesian Ulema Council/ Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) on its contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study also aims to identify factors that support or hinder the implementation of the stock investment system in the economic context of the people in PT Suryamu. Theoretical Framework: This study uses the Islamic economic framework and principles advocated by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI). The stock investment system is seen as a potential instrument to promote people's economic participation and support sustainable economic development, in accordance with Islamic values that prioritize justice, transparency, and common prosperity. Methods: The data in this study was collected through the analysis of fatwa documents or guidelines issued by the MUI related to stock investment, as well as related literature studies. The collected data were analyzed thematically to identify key patterns and significant findings. This research is a type of field research using a qualitative approach, where the data will be analyzed with the fatwa of the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council NO: 135 / DSN-MUI / V / 2020 concerning stocks. Results and Conclusion: The results of this study show that: 1) There is clarity of the contract at the beginning of the transaction, investors use the shirkah contract, some investors are chosen to be representatives of several investors using the wakalah bil istitsmar contract and the employees who work according to the work contract set by the company use the ijarah contract. 2) The parties who are associated are Muhammadiyah investors who already have a Muhammadiyah membership card as a condition to invest their funds in PT Suryamu. 3) The object of the contract is in the form of shares in the form of letters whose initial value of shares per share is Rp 100.000,-. From the point of view of the fatwa of the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council NO: 135/DSN-MUI/V/2020 regarding shares is by the criteria set by the fatwa. Research implications: The Company's stock investment meets sharia criteria with well-managed potential risks. So the implications and recommendations are to continue taking investment. Originality/value: Research on sharia stock investment with the fatwa approach of the Indonesian ulema council is very unique, specially studied in companies that carry out the concept of sharia.

Implications of Hamka’s thoughts in tafsir al-Azhar on the standpoint of Islamic social organizations in preventing authoritarianism in Indonesia

Indonesian Islamic social organizations not only function as religious organizations but they serve as interest groups as well. Islamic social organizations are often faced with a dilemma of engaging in practical political matters or otherwise. This study analyzes thoughts and practices relating to the relationship between Islamic social organizations and the state. Study data were mined from Hamka’s thoughts in his seminal work Tafsir al-Azhar and historical documents of Muhammadiyah and the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia – MUI) during the early period of the New Order, i.e., 1970-1980. The research questions posed in this study refer to how did Hamka interpret Qur’anic verses containing messages regarding the relationship between society and state and what are their implications on the practices of Indonesian Islamic social organizations in their relational dynamics with the state. Study results indicate that Hamka’s thoughts in Tafsir al-Azhar consider syura (deliberation) as a determinant in the relationship between society and state, and distinction between state and religious authority. The implications that Hamka’s thoughts had on the standpoint of Muhammadiyah as an Islamic social organization was its ability to separate itself from its political party affiliation. Muhammadiyah until 1960s was a special member of the Masyumi party. Following its separation with the Masyumi party, Muhammadiyah became an independent non-government civil institution that is critical of the state. As a civil institution, Muhammadiyah succeeded in playing its role as a civil society organization (CSO) and keeping the political regime to develop into an authoritarian and repressive state.

Role Transformation of National Sharia Board-Indonesian Ulama Council (DSN-MUI) in the Dynamics of Fatwa Determination in the Modern Era

The role transformation of the National Sharia Board Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN); one of the organizational structures in Indonesian Ulama Council Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) in the dynamics of fatwa determination in the modern era is an important topic to be studied in the context of rapid social, economic, and technological change. This article aims to analyze how DSN-MUI adapts to the challenges of modern times and develops a methodology for setting fatwas that is relevant and responsive to the needs of contemporary society. Through a comprehensive literature review, this article highlights the evolution of the DSN's function from the establishment of conventional fatwas towards a more dynamic and inclusive approach, including in the field of sharia finance, halal products, and other social problems. This transformation reflects DSN-MUI's efforts to remain relevant and provide accurate and applicable guidance for Muslims in Indonesia in facing modern issues.

Sharia Yes, Sharia State No: Negosiasi dan Akomodasi Syari’ah di Indonesia

Syafiq Hasyim. 2023. Shariatization of Indonesia, the Politics of the Council of Indonesian Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI). Leiden: Brill. Wael Hallaq. 2013. The Impossible State, Islam, Politics, and Modernity's Moral Predicament. New York: Columbia University Press. The two works discussed in this book review examine how Sharia norms are negotiated and accommodated in modern nation-states. This process is inevitable as Muslims are confronted with the persistence of the nation-state and the theological obligation to apply Sharia norms in their lives. Although Hallaq's work is very pessimistic in saying that paradigmatically the two systems are impossible to reconcile, his work can serve as an important background for understanding Hasyim's work which discusses in detail how Sharia is accommodated in the legal order and public life in Indonesia, highlighting the role of the MUI as the main institution of this accommodation process. Hasyim's work tries to answer three important questions: how and in what way MUI plays a role in the process of sharization; what its implications in law and public life in Indonesia are and how the process came about; and how the state and society respond to this sharization.

The Funding Issues With The Concept of Interest and The Implementation of Mudharabah Contracts in Islamic Banking Funding Systems

Mudharabah contract is a lending agreement conducted within banks with a profit-sharing scheme. In this case, the Mudharabah contract is regulated in the DSN-MUI fatwa which has several aspects of rules in the implementation of Mudharabah contracts as funding or loans. This research is a literature analysis conducted and observed through examination, review, discussion of classic and modern literature as well as analysis using existing data. Data collection is carried out using documentation methods from various papers, articles, books, and journals. Then analyzed using content analysis and quantitative analysis methods, by analyzing descriptive or scientific data. The results of this study are explanations regarding Mudharabah, implementation, and contemporary issues. The similarity of this research with other studies is discussing Mudharabah, implementation, and contemporary issues, while the difference is that this paper provides discussions that have been studied from the thoughts of the authors based on what the authors obtained from papers, articles, books, and journals that already exist and adjust the implementation of Mudharabah contracts based on Majelis Ulama Indonesia.

The existence of Murabahah in Bank Aceh Syariah based on the Fatwa of Majelis Ulama Indonesia No 111 /DSN-MUI/IX/2017

Financing in Islamic banks today is dominated by Murabahah contracts. The purpose of existing research is to explain how the existence of Murabahah financing in Islamic banking serves the community and assess whether the contracts executed comply with the Fatwa of Majelis Ulama Indonesia. This research is a library-research focused on examining and discussing modern and classical literature. Data collection is conducted through documentation methods from various sources including national and international journals, as well as books. The data is then analyzed using content analysis, which includes descriptive analysis and scientific analysis of premium messages. The findings of this research indicate that Murabahah financing is predominantly conducted by Islamic banks for community financing. In the application of Murabahah financing, Islamic banks act as fund providers rather than sellers. The Murabahah contracts in classical fiqh have undergone changes, which have been criticized by various segments of society. It is noted that there are contemporary issues arising in Murabahah financing transactions that do not align with Sharia principles and the Fatwa of Majelis Ulama Indonesia.

Analysis of Zakat Management Efficiency Levels in Two Asean Countries (Studies in Indonesia and Malaysia)

Purpose: This study aims to determine the level of efficiency of the Zakat Management Agency in ASEAN, especially Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore as a country that has a Zakat Institution and publish its financial statements in the period 2020 to 2023. Method/design/approach: The efficiency of this research is processed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with a production approach. This method measures the ratio between input and output compared between the zakat institution studied. Output variables used in this study include collecting funds and distribution funds. While the input variables used are Personnel Costs, Operational Costs and Socialization Costs. Result and conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the optimal efficiency consistently for four years was owned by MAIK (Majelis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan) and MUI (Majelis Ulama Indonesia) while in BAZNAS had experienced inefficiencies in Maluku Utara 55%, in Papua 77%, and in Nusa Tenggara Timur it was 68%. The contribution of this research can be an evaluation tool for the Zakat Institution in terms of managing funds and arranging strategies for raising and channeling funds better. Originality/value: Zakat is believed to be a means to create justice for the distribution of community wealth. However, in fact the reality emerged in Indonesia shows that the collecting of zakat is still far from the potential that exists. In Malaysia, the problem of zakat distribution is still found in many states. Therefore it is necessary to optimize zakat through efficiency.

Analysis of The Contention of Religious Ideology and Halal Industry in Social Media about Halal Logo Rebranding

The Halal Product Guarantee Agency (BPJPH) halal logo design has pros and cons for Indonesian Muslims in terms of Arabic calligraphy, the shape of the halal logo, which resembles a wayang, and a total change from the previous halal logo of the Indonesian Council of Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia). This research aims to analyze the phenomenon of the halal industry in Indonesia in the context of the contention between religious and industrial ideologies on social media, focusing the study on the controversial rebranding of the halal logo. This research uses a qualitative analysis method with a mass communication and political science approach to understand the substance and objectives of the various parties involved in the halal logo controversy on social media. This research indicates that a total change of the halal logo is not urgent in improving the quality of halal product guarantee services in Indonesia. The BPJPH halal logo design prioritizes artistic expression rather than Halal writing in Arabic as a sign that the product is "Halal," so it is difficult to read as a "Halal" sign. The essence of the halal logo is that it is a sign that the product has been certified halal by BPJPH so that the certainty of halal writing is easier and quicker for consumers to understand.

ANALISIS HUKUM PENGGUNAAN PEWARNA KARMIN (TELAAH ATAS FATWA MUI DAN LAJNAH BAHTSUL MASA’IL NU)

Carmine coloring is a type of food coloring that is used to increase the attractiveness of food. This dye produces red and its derivatives. Apart from being used in food, this dye is also often found in beauty products. However, this carmine dye has sparked controversy among Muslims, this controversy is motivated by differences of opinion in determining the law on its use. Among them are legal contradictions issued by Majelis Ulama Indonesia and Lajnah Bahtsul Masa'il Nahdlatul Ulama. Therefore, this research is here to discuss several main things, first is to find out the legal procedures between Majelis Ulama Indonesia and Lajnah Bahtsul Masa'il Nahdlatul Ulama, second is to find out the legal product for the use of carmine dye from Majelis Ulama Indonesia and Lajnah Bahtsul Masa 'il Nahdlatul Ulama. This research uses qualitative research methods with pure library research as the data source. As a result, the law for using carmine dye according to Majelis Ulama Indonesia is halal, in contrast to the Lajnah Bahtsul Masa'il Nahdlatul Ulama which stipulates that the use of this dye is haram.

Study on Shariah Issues of Tabarru’ and Underwriting Surplus in Takaful

Surplus underwriting in the context of Islamic insurance (takaful) refers to the process of managing and distributing any surplus that may arise in the takaful fund after covering claims and operational expenses. This paper attempts to discuss two sharia issue regarding the tabarru’ concept that is applied in takaful operations, and underwriting surplus of the tabarru’ fund. To obtain coherent and comprehensive analysis, this paper discusses the opinion from the opponents and the proponent’s side of view. There are two main views, whereby AAOIFI, IFSB, and Fatawa Ta’min, Dallah al-Barakah stated that underwriting surplus must be fully distributed to the participants. Meanwhile, SAC-BNM, MUI (Majelis Ulama Indonesia), and the majority of scholars are of the view that underwriting surplus is allowed to be shared between participant’s and takaful institution as long as stipulated upfront in the contract.

Between Exclusivity and Inclusivity of Institutions: Examining the Role of the Indonesian Ulema Council and Its Political Fatwa in Handling the Spread of Covid-19

The Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) was stigmatised as an institution accommodating conservative Islamic groups’ interests post-New Order. However, the religious fatwas produced by the MUI during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 had prioritised independence so that it returned to its original role, namely as a translator of government policies. For this reason, this article aims to examine the MUI fatwas and its relationship to state policies in tackling the spread of Covid-19. It is a qualitative research study with a historical approach, examining the content of seven fatwas issued by the Fatwa Commission (Komisi Fatwa) between March and July 2020 as the primary data sources. This study found that MUI’s legal arguments and methods are more inclusive, flexible, and progressive towards socio-religious problems. These fatwas have become a reference for the government in taking policies to suppress the spread of Covid-19. It is reinforced by the fact that several fatwas issued by MUI were used as guidelines by the government in formulating policies to curb the spread of Covid-19. Therefore, the authors argue that the MUI’s fatwa politics not only serve the interests of the Muslim community but also align with the state’s interests in tackling the spread of Covid-19. Thus, the debate regarding the stigmatisation of the role of MUI can be dismissed through these findings, providing new insights into the dynamic interplay between religious and legal frameworks.

REVISITING THE THOUGTH OF YUSUF AL-QARADAWI ON THE BOYCOTT OF PRO-ISRAEL BRANDS

In the complex tapestry of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, this paper embarks on a qualitative exploration of Yusuf Al-Qaradawi's endorsement of the fatwa promoting the boycott of pro-Israel brands. As one of Egypt's distinguished Muslim scholars, Qaradawi's stance holds significant weight in shaping opinions within the Islamic community. This research employs a qualitative methodology to unravel the intricacies of Qaradawi's viewpoint on the boycott and, concurrently, sheds light on his reflections concerning the roots of the prolonged conflict between the Palestinian and Israeli peoples. Delving into Qaradawi's perspectives requires a nuanced understanding of the cultural, historical, and religious dimensions he incorporates into his endorsement of the boycott. Through a qualitative content analysis of Qaradawi's writings, speeches, and sermons, this study seeks to decipher the layers of his convictions, providing a human touch to the academic exploration. It aims to revisit and describe how the notion of boycotting pro-Israel brands intertwines with the ongoing struggles in the region from Qaradawi's lens, offering a more relatable and contextualized comprehension of his position.The paper further engages in a qualitative analysis of Qaradawi's arguments endorsing the fatwa, unraveling the motivations and ideological foundations that underpin his advocacy. As a comparative qualitative analysis, this study extends its exploration to include the perspectives of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI), offering a rich tapestry of Islamic viewpoints on the matter. This comparative lens not only highlights the diversity within Islamic scholarship but also humanizes the discourse surrounding the pro-Israel brands boycott.

The Analysis of Fatwa of Indonesian Ulema Council in West Java Province on Marketing Product for Ecco Racing

This study emerged from the concern of the Muslim community regarding the circulation of businesses that use a multi-level marketing system in the form of multi-level marketing for Eco Racing products. Due to this concern, the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia=MUI) issued a fatwa to respond to this product. This research aims to analyze the istinbat method by the MUI to reduce disputes among the people in their worship and muamalah. This qualitative research uses a literature approach: examining the MUI fatwa decision using several fiqh literature and scientific articles related to the MUI istinbat method. The research results show that the decision of MUI in West Java Province needs a complete review of the Eco Racing marketing system and the Islamic concept of muamalah. It is due to two things, including the imperfect explanation from PT BEST management to the MUI fatwa commission in West Java Province regarding the mechanism for regulating the Eco Racing product sales and bonus system and the limited number of experts in the MUI fatwa commission by existing knowledge. It is needed to respond to the dynamic development of sharia economics in Indonesia, especially in West Java.

Enhancing Community Religiosity Through Effective Religious Outreach

Da'wah is an inviting activity carried out by da'i to mad'u. The Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) of Sintang Regency has implemented a da'wah strategy deeply rooted in the philosophy of da'wah to enhance community religiosity, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In fulfilling its role as a guiding organization aimed at nurturing a generation with noble character, MUI Sintang collaborates with Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) to broadcast its da'wah messages. Radio is chosen as a medium because it is accessible to all segments of society, especially in rural areas where other forms of communication may be limited due to poor signal reception. The da'wah efforts by MUI Sintang are carefully designed to ensure that every element of the da'wah process is considered, with the ultimate goal of making the da'wah message acceptable, understandable, and impactful in changing the thoughts and behaviors of the mad'u. This study explores the effectiveness of these strategies and their role in enhancing the religiosity of the community in Sintang Regency.

Hukum Cryptocurrency sebagai Mata Uang dan sebagai Komoditas (Analisis Fatwa MUI tentang Hukum Cryptocurrency)

The decision of the Ijtima Ulama of the VIIth Indonesian Fatwa Commission of the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia) in 2021 considers cryptocurrency as a digital currency and also as a commodity or tradable asset. However, there are differences in the law of cryptocurrency as a currency and as a commodity. This research will elaborate on the analysis of legal sources and legal ‘illat used in the fatwa and the reasons why there are legal details in the fatwa. This research includes qualitative research in the form of library research. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive-analytical with a normative juridical approach to Islamic law. The legal differentiation that occurs in the status of cryptocurrency as a currency and as a commodity is also inseparable from the provisions of an object that can be used as currency (naqd) and commodity (sil’ah). If cryptocurrency is considered a currency, then the law is absolutely haram, while as a commodity, the law is permissible when it meets the conditions that have been mentioned.

Communication strategy of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Bali in maintaining religious harmony in the Bali Province Region in 2022

Communication strategy of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Bali in maintaining religious harmony in the Bali Province Region in 2022

Global Trends in Halal Food Standards: A Review.

The demand for ethical foods is rising, with halal foods playing a significant role in this trend. However, halal standards vary globally, which can have substantial implications. Multiple Halal Certification Bodies (HCBs) can approve food products but they often prioritize national regulations over international alignment. To explore the similarities and differences in halal standards, we conducted a critical analysis of various standards, including Pakistan's halal standards, the Standards and Metrology Institute for Islamic Countries, Majlis Ugama Islam Singapore, Majelis Ulama Indonesia, GCC Standardization Organization, Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia, ASEAN General Guideline, and the halal standards of Thailand, Iran, and Brunei, through a literature survey. While some commonalities exist, differences stemming from various Islamic schools of thought pose challenges for regulators, consumers, and food producers. Controversial issues include stunning, slaughtering, aquatic animals, insects, and labeling requirements. For example, all standards except the GSO allow non-Muslim slaughterers, and stunning is permitted in all standards except those of Pakistan. These disparities underscore the need for standardization and harmonization in the halal food industry to meet the growing demand for ethical foods.

Sejarah Branding Kuliner Halal di Kota Medan, 2003-2019

The concern surrounding halal and haram products is a focal point for legal scholars and historians, sparking ongoing debates within various societal sectors. This study delves into the historical evolution of halal branding within the culinary industry in Medan. Historical methods and qualitative approaches, encompassing literature reviews, observations, interviews, and documentation, were employed to gather data. Findings emphasize the pivotal role of halal branding in ensuring the safety, comfort, and availability of halal products, impacting the well-being of a diverse population. The journey began in 1976 with the introduction of a logo signifying the presence of pork, subsequently gaining momentum in 1988 when researchers from the University of Brawijaya Faculty of Enforcement identified food products suspected of pork content. A year later, the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia - MUI) established the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Assessment Institute (LPPOM) to oversee halal certification. The enactment of the Halal Product Assurance Law (UUJPH) in late 2014 mandated that all products circulating within Indonesia must hold halal certification, coinciding with the establishment of the Halal Product Assurance Agency (BPJPH) under the Ministry of Religious Affairs.

Subalternitas Penganut Ahmadiyah dalam Novel Maryam Karya Okky Madasari

<p><em>The issuance of the Indonesian Ulema Council (Indonesia: Majelis Ulama Indonesia or MUI) fatwa declaring Ahmadiyya as a deviant sect and its followers as having departed from Islamic teachings has impacted the stereotypes surrounding the majority community. The novel "Maryam" is a work of fiction based on the experiences of Okky Madasari's best friend as an Ahmadiyya adherents. The novel narrates the discrimination and injustice faced by Ahmadiyya adherents and serves as a form of social criticism by the author towards the subaltern discourse surrounding Ahmadiyya adherents. This research aims to identify the various forms of subalternity experienced by Ahmadiyya adherents in the novel "Maryam". The research specifically examines the different forms of subalternity imposed by the majority group against Ahmadiyya adherents based on the concept of subalternity, which refers to the oppressed who lack access to voice their concerns developed by Spivak. The utilization of critical discourse analysis in this research helps identify and categorize the various forms of subalternity through the predetermined data corpus. The compiled data corpus is the primary source for the researcher to describe, interpret, and analyze the text, context, and discourse in the novel "Maryam". The data corpus will be analyzed through three stages: 1. Description, 2. Interpretation, and 3. Explanation. The research results indicate that the forms of subalternity depicted by the author in the novel "Maryam" include marginalization and silencing. </em></p>

MURABAHA FINANCING OF THE INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BANKS UNDER AN ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW AND THE FATWA DSN MUI

This study conducts a thorough analysis of the practice of Murabaha financing within Islamic banks, contextualized within the framework of Islamic economic law and the influential Fatwa issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia - MUI). Murabaha, a fundamental mode of Islamic finance, involves a cost-plus-profit arrangement that adheres to Shariah principles. This analysis delves into the core principles of Islamic economic law, which include fairness, transparency, and adherence to ethical financial conduct, and investigates how these principles are manifested in Murabaha transactions. Central to this examination is the Fatwa issued by the MUI, which serves as a guiding regulatory framework for Murabaha financing. This Fatwa provides essential guidelines to ensure the compatibility of Murabaha transactions with Shariah principles and ethical practices. By exploring the origins, key features, and benefits of Murabaha financing as guided by the MUI Fatwa, this study highlights the intricate dynamics through which Islamic banks in Indonesia operationalize this financing mode while upholding the tenets of Islamic economic law.