Maize Stem Borer Chilo Partellus Research Articles

Evaluate the Efficacy of Different Biopesticides with Imidacloprid against Maize Spotted Stem Borer (Chilo partellus swinhoe) on maize under field conditions

An experiment of Maize stem borer Chilo partellus using different Bio-pesticides in field condition was carried out during Kharif 2022-2023 at central Research field SHUATS Prayagraj, UP., India. The management of Maize stem borer was done using 8 different treatments and benefit cost ratios of all the treatments were calculated. Total two sprays were applied to protect the crop from Chilo partellus using randomized block design with three replications. The observations of Chilo partellus 24 hours before (Pre- treatment) and 3rd, 7th and 14th day after spraying (post-treatment) were recorded for computing the percent of larval population reduction. The data were subjected to statistical analysis after appropriate transformation for interpretation. The treatment with recommended insecticide cost benefit ratio and yield is in Imidacloprid 200 SL (T7) (1:5.01) (40.49q/ha) followed by Beauveria bassiana (2 CFU×108 ml) (T1) (1:4.53) (38.45q/ha), Bacillus thuringiensis (108 CFU/ml) (T4) (1:4.41) (37.7q/ha), Metarhizium anisopliae (T2) (1:4.20) (36.79q/ha), NPV (T3) (1:4.03) (35.98q/ha), NSKE @ 5% (T5) (1:3.97) (34.6q/ha), Azadirachtin 0.03% (T6) (1:3.85) (33.57q/ha) Lest monetary return and yieldwas obtained with control (T0) (1:3.52) (28.4q/ha).

Exploration of Sources of Genetic Resistance in Maize Genotypes Against Stem Borer (Chilopartellus (Swinhoe))

Fourteen different maize genotypes were screened for their relative resistance to maize stem borer Chilopartellus (Swinhoe) under glass house condition at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan during two consecutive years 2018 and 2019. The design of the experiment was completely randomized design having 2 replications. The unit plot size was one row of one meter length with 50 cm row to row and 20 cm plant to plant spacing. Two second instar larva of C. partellus (Swinhoe) per plant were released two times, first at 8th leaves (vegetative) and second at 12th leaves (Before tasseling) stages. Insect damage parameters (IDPs) viz. dead heart percentage, damage % at vegetative and foliar stage, foliar injury rating (1-9) at vegetative and before tasseling stage, tunnel length (cm), exit hole number and yield per plot were recorded to study the germplasm susceptibility level. The result revealed that IDPs and yield varied significantly among the tested genotypes. Over the years, IDPs like dead heart percentage (5.17%), percent damage atpre-tasseling stage (10.6%), foliar injury level (2.25), tunnel length (10.15 cm) and exit holes (2.32) were found lower with high yield (2235 g/plot) in RML-95/ RML-96 followed by RML- 86/RML-96. Two pipeline maize hybrids RML-95/RML-96 and RML-86/RML- 96 with least damaged by maize stem borer in both years will be useful for maize stem borer resistance source.
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 45(3): 293-301, September 2020

Efficacy of various insecticides against maize stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and their cost-benefit analysis at Prayagraj

The present studies on the Efficacy of various insecticides against maize stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and their cost-benefit analysis at Prayagraj were conducted during field experiment which is laid-out in randomized block design with three replications at research field of the department of Entomology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, during the Kharif season of 2019-2020. Comparing with seven treatments along with control plot reveals that all the chemical treatments were significantly superior over control. Among all the treatments lowest percent infestation of maize stem borer and mean percent reduction was recorded in Carbofuran 3G (9.09%) (60.28%) and followed by Cypermethrin 25 EC (10.1%) (55.87%), followed by Imidacloprid 200SL (11.1%) (51.46%), and Bifenthrin 10 EC (11.78%) (48.53%), then followed by Novaluron 10 EC (12.45%) (45.60%) and the remaining treatment, Cartap hydrochloride 50% SP (14.14%) (38.22%) and Deltamethrin 2.8 EC (15.15%) (33.81%) are the remaining treatments which are least effective against control of maize stem borer. The yield obtained and B:C analysis shows that the yields among the treatment were significant. The highest yield was recorded in Carbofuran 3G (39 q/ha) with B:C ratio (1:2.20) Which is superior to all other treatments. Next is Cypermethrin 25 EC recorded (36.44 q/ha) with B:C ratio (1:2.01), then followed by Imidacloprid 200 SL (33.89q/ha) with B:C ratio (1:1.89), then followed by Bifenthrin 10 EC recorded yield (32.4 q/ha) with B:C ratio (1:1.63) and the yield recorded by other treatments are Novaluron 10 EC (30.12 q/ha) with B:C ratio (1:1.63), then followed by Cartap Hydrochloride 50% SP (27.83 q/ha) with B:C ratio (1:1.1.52), then followed by Deltamethrin 2.8 EC (24.42 q/ha) with B:C ratio (1:1.3) is the least yield plot among the chemical treatment plot.

Evaluation of different insecticides on maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)

Management of Maize stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) using various insecticides in field condition was carried out during Kharif 2019-2020 at central Research field SHUATS Prayagraj, UP., India. The management of Maize Stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) was done using 8 different treatments and benefit cost ratios of all the treatments were calculated. Single spray was applied to protect the crop from Chilo partellus using randomized block design with three replications. The observations of Chilo partellus before 24 hours (Pre- treatment) and 3rd, 7th and 14th day after spraying (Post-treatment) were recorded for computing the percent of pest reduction. The data were subjected to statistical analysis after appropriate transformation for interpretation. The treatment with recommended insecticide Fipronil 0.3% G was of the most effective treatment followed with Carbofuran 3G and Spinosad 45% SC The next best treatments were found to be Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G, Cypermethrin 10% EC. Indoxacarb and Profenophos were found to be least effective against Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). The highest Benefit cost ratio was recorded with Fipronil (1:1.70) and Carbofuran (1:1.60) followed by the Spinosad (1:1.46), Chlorantraniliprole (1:1.39), Cypermethrin (1:1.28), Indoxacarb (1:1.15), Profenophos (1:1.07).

Impact of soil fertility on maize stem borer chilo partellus

Impact of soil fertility on maize stem borer chilo partellus

Efficacy of Beauveria Bassiana and Bacillus Thuringiensis Against Maize Stem Borer Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Biocontrol potential of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) was investigated under laboratory conditions against maize stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Three dose rates of B. bassiana (1 × 104, 1 × 106 and 1 × 108 conidia/ml) and one of B. thuringiensis (0.75 µg/g) were applied alone and in combination against 2nd and 4th larval instars of C. partellus. Larval mortality, pupation, adult emergence, mycosis and sporulation varied against different individual concentrations of B. bassiana and its integrated application with B. thuringiensis. Results of the experiment revealed that combined application of highest concentration of B. bassiana (1 × 108 spores/ml) and B. thuringiensis (0.75 µg/g) exhibited highest larval mortality both in 2nd and 4th instars larvae of C. partellus. The mortality data also demonstrated that 2nd instar larvae were more susceptible to the tested microbial treatments than 4th larval instars. Moreover, less pupation and adult emergence was observed in combined treatments of entomopathogens rather than their individual applications. Maximum mycosis and sporulation was recorded in the cadavers of C. partellus where B. bassiana was applied alone at dose rate of 1 × 104 conidia/ml. These outcomes suggest that combined application of B. bassiana and the toxic protein produced by B. thuringiensis could be a promising ecofriendly approach for the successful management of maize stem borer.

Effect planting dates and varieties on infestation of maize stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)

Studies on the effect of different planting dates and varieties of maize on the infestation of maize stem borer (Chilo partellus) were carried out at research field of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal in 2010/11 and 2011/12. Three maize varieties namely namely Arun-2, Rampur Composite and Gaurav (hybrid) were grown at weekly interval upto 52 weeks from January to December. The results revealed that the damage was higher in Arun-2 (38.9%) followed by Gaurav (35.4%) and Rampur Composite (30.8%) respectively. Higher damage was observed in April (58.2%) and the damage was gradually decreased toward the month of January/February (13.2 to 25.6%) and November/December (13.3 to 16.5%). Lower infestation was observed in winter season (22.5%) followed by spring (47.1%) and summer season (47.0%) respectively. This study suggests that the percent infestation of maize stem borer can be minimized by planting Rampur Composite variety in winter season.

Survival and development of maize stem borer Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) Lepidoptera: Crambidae on artificial diet

The Life cycle of maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) was studied in in vitro conditions. Development of stem borer undergoes following stages like egg, larvae, pupa and moth. The egg incubation period ranged from 3 to 6days, larval stage was observed in five instars. The mean value of I, II, III, IV and V instars showed 3.8±0.16, 5.2±0.02, 6.1±0.06, 7.35±1.5, and 10.12±0.29days, respectively and complete larvae period ranged from 42 to 49days. Pupae stage was observed in 8–9days. The pre-mating and mating period was found at 9.10±1.20 and 5.14±1.08h while egg laying period in 4.1±1.32days respectively. Fecundity rate of stem borer is from 262 to 657 eggs. The life span of adult male (3-7) and female (3-8) days was observed with a mean of 6.30±0.85 and 5.10±0.69days respectively. Life cycle of stem borer gets completed in 47 to 51days. Development of quality insects in required quantities at different developmental stages and their timely supply plays an inevitable role particularly for insect-breeding resistant programs. Hence to meet these challenges we had tried to standardize an artificial diet with cost effective to rear Chilo partellus under in vitro conditions.

Economic evaluation of biorational and conventional insecticides for the control of maize stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in Zea mays

Maize borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) is the chief limiting factor for higher corn production. Field trials to assess the efficacy of different insecticides against C. partellus were carried in district Ropar, Punjab. It was observed that significantly lesser leaf injury incidence was recorded in biorational treatment T1: chlorantriniliprole 18.5 SC (3.43 & 4.23) in comparison to broad spectrum conventional insecticide treatment T3: Deltamethrin 2.8 EC (4.63& 5.36) and T4 :Farmer’s practice 4.43 and 6.93. Whereas in plots with parasitoid application (T2), the leaf injury incidence was recorded to be 6.56 & 7.86 during 2012 and 2013, respectively. Though T2 was statistically superior to control, however it was not at par with insecticide treatments. Furthermore similar trend was observed for dead hearts reduction in different treatments. It was recorded to be 3.16 and 3.90, 3.33 and 3.96, 3.53 and 3.96 in insecticide treatment plots T1, T3 and T4 respectively. The economic returns on the basis of marketable grain yield in insecticide treated plots was more in T1 followed by T3 and T4 (51.99, 49.58 and 48.51) in comparison to control (40.44) and biological control plots (46.75). Therefore experimental data revealed overall superiority of biorational pesticide in comparison to conventional insecticides for reduction in pest damage and economic returns. Hence the option of biorational for the control of maize stem borer not only justify safety to environment but also offers effective control of borer population in maize ecosystem due to its distinct chemical class and unique mode of action.

English

The maize stem borer Chilo partellus (swinhoe) is one of the most destructive pests of maize. This species is most important at altitudes below 1500 meters above sea level .It's magnitude of damage ranges from 26.7 to 80.4. In young plants the shoot can be killed, causing a dead heart. In older plants the upper part of the stem usually dies as a result of the boring of the caterpillars. Several contact and systematic insecticides are being used for its managemen. Therefore, it necessitated evaluating the relative persistence of insecticides and neem based formulations commonly used against this borer pest for devising its economically effective management programme.

Insects Pests of Maiz and Their Losses

The insect pests of maize and their losses were studied in KARINA Juglote, Northern Areas. Maize stem borer Chilo Partellus was found serious pest with 24.5% plant infestation followed by maize aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis with 15% plant infestation at tasseling stage. Shootfly Atherigona soccata attack at the early stage with 5% plant infestation. At the same time, Maize Jassid Zygenia sp was also recorded with population 5 jassids/3 sweep net. About 1112 Kg ha-1 grain losses has been calculated due to these insect pests.

Overwintering Population of Maize Stem Borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) at High Altitudes of Kashmir

The present work regarding the overwintering population of maize stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) at larval stage was conducted in order to determine degree of overwintering population and the level of infestation of this pest at different localities of Azad Kashmir. Off 1796 stubbles of maize, present findings showed that over all high population of C. partellus (29.1%) larvae was recorded from locality Chota Gala while the lower (18.73%) was from Rawalakot locality. Whereas greater population (27.77%) of overwintering was found on the stubbles of maize genotype Kashmir Gold than Sarhad White (20.75%). A significant difference in overwintering population was found among all the studied localities. The percentage of infestation (on the basis of exit hole on stubbles) caused by C. partellus was significantly (P<0.001) high (27.77%) on Kashmir Gold than on the Sarhad White (15.99%) in all the studied areas. No clear relationship was found between the stem thickness and the overwintering population of maize stem borer or its infestation.