Maintenance Of National Identity Research Articles

Meningkatkan Kualitas Nasionalisme Generasi Millenial Indonesia untuk Meminimalisasi Pengaruh Derap Era Globalisasi Informasi

This research examines strategies to deal with the influence of information globalization on the nationalism of Indonesia's millennial generation. Using a qualitative literature study method, this research analyses the challenges and opportunities in maintaining the spirit of nationalism in the digital era. The results show the importance of a comprehensive approach that includes strengthening national resilience in the aspects of ideology, politics, economy, socio-cultural, and defense and security (Ipoleksosbudhankam). The main strategies include reforming the education system with the integration of nationalist values, optimizing the role of mass media, establishing a cyber war force, and increasing patriotism programs that focus on the millennial generation. The research emphasizes the importance of balancing openness to global information flows with the maintenance of national identity. In conclusion, the synergy between government policies, educational institutions, and community participation is needed to build strong national resilience in facing the challenges of information globalization, while maintaining and enhancing the spirit of nationalism among Indonesia's young generation. The implementation of this strategy is expected to strengthen Indonesia's position in facing increasingly complex global dynamics while maintaining the fundamental values of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution

The fatedness of place: Basque football and national identities

ABSTRACT Wedged between Spain and France, the stateless nation of the Basques has a keen sense of national identity. The construction and maintenance of national identities has taken place in both the social and political terrains. At the heart of these constructions lies a deep sense of origins and difference. Basque sport, particularly football, is yet another terrain to situate Basque national identity in alterity. The first division Athletic Bilbao has earned its reputation due to a recruitment strategy they call la filosofía: since the early twentieth century, they have fielded Basque players only. Through constant discussions and decisions about whether a player is ‘Basque’ or ‘Basque enough,’ and what that means, football has greatly contributed to the construction of a national imagery that has revolved around place, political ideology, race and ethnicity, and transnational culture.

Impact of Textbook Reform on the Formation of Chinese National Identity

Introduction. A search for effective educational strategies that can form and maintain Chinese national identity is a highly relevant task for the Chinese academic community. Secondary school textbooks’ content revision has become one of the ways to solve the problem. The purpose of the article is to analyze the complex of educational and methodological materials within the framework of school education, aimed at influencing the formation of national identity in China. Materials and Methods. To study the problem, we conducted a survey, in which schoolteachers and parents of schoolchildren from the city of Lanzhou (PRC) took part. In order to identify the views of these two communities regarding the impact of the updated textbook content on the emerging identity of schoolchildren, we analyzed the personal data, and to understand the learning outcomes, we examined in detail the content and structure of new textual narratives, comparing them with previous educational materials. This helped us to identify a mechanism for developing lessons using the corpus of cultural and historical heritage, which was the essence of the reform aimed at shaping national priorities in the identity of the younger generation. Owing to the chosen methods, we were able to better understand and comprehend the role that ideological education is designed to play in the conditions of modern China. Results. The analysis showed that the updated textbooks reflect the main discourses of Confucian philosophy, fostering cultural and political identity in students. The survey showed that the increased national discourse in the content-factual part of textbooks facilitated the fostering of national identity among schoolchildren. Discussion and Conclusion. The materials of this article can be used for further research of the educational process and its influence on the development of civil society cohesion. This can be useful for polyethnic states in terms of strategic planning and development of mechanisms of construction and maintenance of national identity when drawing up educational textbooks. The results of this study may also be of interest to researchers dealing with educational problems and considering education as one of the elements that play an important role in the formation of national identity, as well as for teachers and students.

Making Good Americans: The Politics of Willa Cather’s Death Comes for the Archbishop

Willa Cather’s novel Death Comes for the Archbishop (1927) offers a reflection on the role that religious faith can play in the creation and maintenance of national identity and social solidarity. As liberal democracies develop and their populations become more diverse, the citizens of these societies must find new points of commonality in order to maintain the sense that they share something important with others. Cather’s novel depicts the United States at the time of its expansion into the Southwest as a nation that faces the challenge of how to incorporate the region’s inhabitants into the American nation. The novel’s protagonist, Jean Marie Latour, is a French Catholic bishop who arrives in New Mexico with little respect for or understanding of the people of this “heathen country.” Latour eventually learns how to enter into communion and friendship with those who share neither his cultural practices nor his religious beliefs. While religious faith can be a source of political division, Cather’s novel suggests that religious practices, and in particular Catholic devotional practices, have the potential to be beneficial to liberal, democratic political orders by contributing to the formation of social bonds that transcend divisions of ethnicity, class, and even faith.

Pedagogical Conditions for Value Self-Determination of Students in the Multilingual Education

The article is dedicated to the problem of the value self-determination in the multilingual education. The article defines the relevance of the stated problem expressed in the fact that modern conditions both external (globalization, integration, informatization, mobility) and internal (life in a multinational, multicultural environment, maintenance of national identity) dictate the need to solve an important strategic task – the formation of a person capable of living and actively participating in all processes of a multicultural, multilingual world. The article emphasizes that science has accumulated sufficient experience in the development of multicultural, multilingual education, however, there are unresolved issues relating to the content, means of education, and the organization of the process of multilingual education. As a result of the theoretical analysis, the article defines that self-determination is a valuable part of the student’s development, reflecting ascension to the values of multilingual education and the result expressed in the ability of responsible choice of aims and values, multicultural cooperation. As a result of the theoretical analysis and the application of such methods as questionnaires, cultural value orientation test, the test of communicative skills by L. Michelson, the pedagogical conditions of student’s value self-determination in multilingual education have been revealed: axiologization of the educational content, enrichment of value attitude to the multicultural world, other nations and one’s own Self, value cooperation in multicultural practices.
 Keywords: multilingual education, value self-determination, pedagogical conditions

The Comparative Politics of Collective Memory

This article examines the theoretical and empirical contributions of the interdisciplinary field of memory studies for a comparative sociology of collective memory and politics. We identify three major empirical foci that have structured the scholarship: the role of collective memory in the creation, legitimation, and maintenance of national identities and nation-states; political reckoning with the memory of difficult and violent pasts; and the ongoing transnationalization of collective memory. We conclude with suggestions for future research on the politics of memory given the rise of populism and so-called fake news.

Contributions of National Identity and Personality to Foreign Language Communication and Contact Attitudes in Japan

ABSTRACT Language is one of the most critical factors in the formation and maintenance of national identities. Situated within the national context of Japan and drawing data from a population of 292 Japanese university students, this study departs with three objectives. First, the study assesses the contribution of Japanese national identity to criterion variables concerning foreign language communication and contact attitudes. Second, in order to better understand upon what grounds an individual might align themselves with different facets of national identity, the contribution made by the five-factor model of personality is examined. Finally, the contribution of the five-factor model of personality to the criterion variables concerning foreign language communication and contact attitudes is explored. The data reveals that national identity has a significant impact on foreign language communication and contact attitudes.

Out of the (ethnic) closet: Consumer practices among Eritrean refugee women

This article examines the fabric of the emerging relationships between refugee women and consumption. Based on an empirical study of women from Eritrea living in Tel Aviv, Israel, I discuss the ways in which national and ethnic identity is formulated through and in the economic space. In contrast to previous academic literature with its focus on the connection between refugees and the maintenance of national identity via ethnic goods, this study emphasizes the consumerist aspects of being a refugee, which are made possible for the first time in their host society. I describe the connection between identity and the consumption of traditional goods, mainly Eritrean dresses and hair products, and show how, by using shared status symbols, these serve women refugees as a political instrument for mobility within their community. The article asserts that this unintended outcome of forced migration enables women refugees to position themselves as a fresh consumer power in their new urban space and affords them newfound social prestige.

Mahmoud Darwish: Literature and the Politics of Palestinian Identity

Mahmoud Darwish: Literature and the Politics of Palestinian Identity

Living in mobility: trajectories of Brazilians in Belgium and the UK

ABSTRACTWithin the social sciences, migration has traditionally been conceived of as a unidirectional, purposeful and intentional process from one state of fixity (in the place of origin) to another (in the destination). By mapping the trajectories of Brazilians who currently reside in Belgium or the UK, this article draws attention to a group of people whose mobile practices do not fit this definition. On the contrary, their experiences are marked by an ongoing mobility that consists of a multiplicity of potential routes, which are often unstable and which may be accompanied by changes in status. These Brazilians tend to ‘live in mobility’ in order to improve the quality of life at home. As such, leaving home becomes a strategy of staying home, which challenges what is usually evoked by the concept of ‘migration’, whereby ‘building up a new life elsewhere’ and ‘integration’ are seen as key. Whereas our respondents themselves have a more circular or mobile perspective, the receiving society discursively frames migration as one-way, and thus as a ‘threat’ that calls for social integration, control and the maintenance of national identity.

Unfamiliar Others: Contact with Unassimilated Immigrants and Public Support for Restrictive Immigration Policy

The belief that immigrants threaten the American culture is a paramount source of opposition to immigration in the U.S. Known as cultural threat, this trepidation is largely conceptualized in the opinion research as symbolic in nature and stemming from concern over the maintenance of national identity. A problematic feature of this conceptualization is that it neglects contact as a potential realistic aspect of the cultural threat of immigration. In response, this article develops a realistic theory of cultural threat that emphasizes personal encounters with unassimilated immigrants. Relying on national survey data, this article demonstrates that contact with non-English-speaking immigrants, as well as the negative emotions it engenders, heightens perceived threat to American culture and support for restrictive immigration policies.

Identity in the “Road Racing Capital of the World”: heritage, geography and contested spaces

This article explores the complex relationship between sport and landscape and their role in the expression and maintenance of identity. While discussions have typically emphasised the role taken by stadia and sporting venues in the development and expression of sporting and national identities, fewer have considered the role taken by the wider landscape. It is this landscape that provides the context in which many sports are enacted and watched and it is through the embodied actions and experiences that landscape is given added meaning, reinforcing narratives of space that are implicated in the creation and maintenance of national identities. Yet here, unlike stadia or other sporting venues, space is much less regulated; as a result, participants and observers are also implicated in the creation of “counter geographies” that destabilise “official” narratives of space. Here our focus is on the contested landscapes of the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy Races; an event where sporting narratives have become materially and conceptually part of the landscape. Through a discussion of these landscapes and their expression in the Staying the Course exhibition curated by Manx National Heritage, we contend that geographies of sport must also reflect on the contested nature of sporting spaces.

Remembering the Constitution: The Easter Proclamation and Constitutionalism in Independent Ireland

The phrase “cherishing all the children of the nation equally” in the Proclamation of the Republic in 1916 - understood as referring to the rights and the welfare of actual children - is one that has unparalleled resonance in political, legal and social debates in contemporary Ireland, particularly in the light of the long-standing systematic abuse of children that has been brought fully to light in recent years. The power of the phrase is illustrated by the fact that it has been proposed by an Oireachtas committee as the keystone of a new Article in the Constitution dealing with children’s rights. This rhetorical force seems immune to demonstrations that the phrase was intended by its authors in a metaphorical sense, as a reference to different religious and political identities on the island of Ireland. Other, similar, programmatic statements in Irish constitutional history, such as the Democratic Programme of Dail Eireann (1919) and the Directive Principles of Social Policy contained in Bunreacht na hEireann (1937), have never captured the public imagination in the same way. In regard to the latter, a sharp contrast can be drawn between the Directive Principles of Social Policy and the Directive Principles of State Policy contained in the Constitution of India (1950). Whereas the Irish directive principles languish in obscurity, the Indian directive principles are a frequent point of reference in legal and political argument and channel aspirations for a better, more just society just as, in a more limited fashion, the rhetoric of the Proclamation does in Ireland. This contrast prompts reflection on the power of what ordinary citizens imagine the constitution under which they live to provide and to aspire to and the different roles which constitutions play in the creation and maintenance of national identity. The nature of the “constitutional faith” which is thus manifested is a topic of renewed interest in Ireland, at a time of lively debate as to whether the constitution needs to be renewed and as to what role the rhetorical tropes of the Proclamation should play in that process.

The Hidden Curriculum of Wilderness: Images of Landscape in Canada

In this article, I offer an analysis of the Canadian relationship with the land as a point of departure for educators to consider personal modes of resistance so that the curricular goals of communal responsibility for the land, and understanding within and across differences can begin and continue to flourish. Because of the reality of increasing encounters with difference in schools, teachers and students need space to examine their epistemological and ontological grounding: how they come to know who they are in the time and place of contemporary life. Relationships with images of the land are cogent aspects of this kind of deep, reflexive inquiry and pursuit of these connections involves critical visual literacy. Through a consideration of some forces that shape the development and maintenance of national identity in Canada, I examine the influences of images of wilderness on contemporary, collective life. In this light, I trace the historical evolution of the landscape work of the Group of Seven painters to the level of national icon. The hidden curriculum of “wilderness nation” is an influence that runs counter to the realities of many students’ learning experiences in Canadian schools. I discuss the ways that the signifier of wilderness maintains hegemonic, discriminatory practices within schools.

The reception of western philosophy in the Lithuanian philosophy of religion

The article examines the reception of Western philosophy in Lithuanian philosophy of religion. The purpose is to show how the discourse of philosophy of religion came about in Lithuania. This branch of philosophy has been not only culturally and socially important in Lithuania, it has been significant as well for the formation and maintenance of national identity. By the same token, it also was the most developed and controversial theoretically. The first part of the article lays out the genesis of the autonomous Lithuanian philosophy of religion, though strongly influenced by the transformations in the broader context of European philosophy. For that reason it will be useful to present the ideas of the most prominent Lithuanian thinkers in the field who have successfully adopted and adapted vital trends in Western philosophy into the Lithuanian cultural and intellectual context. The second part of the article is less historical and more problematic as it deals with specific issues concerning faith, God, anthropological problems as reflected in the works of contemporary Lithuanian philosophers of religion. Only after having explored certain affiliations of Lithuanian philosophy of religion with Western thought can we state that, although the latter was the necessary precondition of the former, Lithuanian philosophy of religion does substantiate its sovereign status while correlating in an original way major cultural transformations with the changes in theoretical context, according to the specific concerns of Lithuanian society. In addition, this historical and philosophical examination aims to look at the formation of Lithuanian identity, mentality, values, their roots in the Christian tradition as well as the capacity to respond at critical historical moments.

Disability, Heroism and Australian National Identity

Disability, Heroism and Australian National Identity

Place, exile and identity: the contemporary experience of Palestinians in Sydney

Statelessness, displacement and exile, far from being particular moments in history, continue to affect the lives of Palestinians living in Sydney, in the maintenance of national identity and community formation. The impacts that displacement and subsequent ‘statelessness’ have had on the ways in which Palestinians maintain a sense of national identity have similarities with those of other ‘displaced’ peoples. Without the recognition of national boundaries to secure national sovereignty (Palestine) and accommodate the continuation of a shared and inherited history, the most significant element through which Palestinian identity is kept ‘alive’ is the one thing that all Palestinians share: a communal sense of injustice which involves being denied the right to live in, or return to, their homeland. Statelessness, nationalism and the now ‘imagined community’ of Palestine are more crucial for Palestinians living in Sydney than more primordial elements of identity, such as language or local community. Statelessness and exile in Australia have constructed a particular sense of Palestinian nationalism. The continuity of Palestinian identity as a primarily political phenomenon is a situation analogous to that of other diasporic refugee communities.

Gernika, Guernica, Guernica?

The town of Gernika/Guernica is the center for meaning and territorial continuity of Basque nationalist identity. The town and its symbolism represent the history of national conflict with the Spanish state. It is also the focal point of local disagreements; within Basque nationalism itself and between regional urban centers. The town’s significance in the Spanish Civil War, representation in Picasso’s painting Guernica, and commemoration in the Americas by Basque emigrants has made it a globally significant place. The contest of meanings related to Gernika/Guernica underscores the significance of naming, monuments, ritual, resistance, oppression, and conflict in the creation and maintenance of national identities. In its examination of the politics of a Basque place, the joining of the forces of geography and history proves to be useful in the analysis of meaning in place- and time-specific political processes. From this perspective, the recent development from conflict toward harmony in Basque politics is reviewed. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Minority Language Media in Western Europe

In recent years minority languages have become an increasingly important issue in Europe and part of the general debate over regionalization. As these debates have developed, the question of minority language media has also emerged as an issue of importance. However, despite some studies of specific European situations, there has been little general discussion of the problems which confront minority language media. Discussion of these issues is important, not just to reach a full understanding of specific situations, but also to allow generalizations about the role of minority language media. In addition to these particular concerns, the study of minority language media focuses attention on the links between language, collective identity and the media and thus can make a useful contribution to the larger debate concerning the media's role in the maintenance of national identity. In this article several issues are discussed as a preamble to any assessments of particular situations or more general comparisons. First, the varying parameters of minority language situations are outlined, as much to emphasize differences as similarities. Second, the conditions under which minority language media are likely to emerge are considered. Third, the political needs of minority languages in relation to the media are discussed by using the concept of the public sphere. Finally the role of intellectuals in minority language media is considered. The article concludes by noting a series of points derived from the issues discussed which need to be considered when minority language media are being analysed or assessed.