Maintenance Of Files Research Articles

What Constitutes the Deployment and Runtime Configuration System? An Empirical Study on OpenStack Projects

Modern software systems are designed to be deployed in different configured environments (e.g., permissions, virtual resources, network connections) and adapted at runtime to different situations (e.g., memory limits, enabling/disabling features, database credentials). Such a configuration during the deployment and runtime of a software system is implemented via a set of configuration files, which together constitute what we refer to as a “configuration system.” Recent research efforts investigated the evolution and maintenance of configuration files. However, they merely focused on a limited part of the configuration system (e.g., specific infrastructure configuration files or Dockerfiles), and their results do not generalize to the whole configuration system. To cope with such a limitation, we aim to better capture and understand what files constitute a configuration system. To do so, we leverage an open card sort technique to qualitatively study 1,756 configuration files from OpenStack, a large and widely studied open source software ecosystem. Our investigation reveals the existence of nine types of configuration files, which cover the creation of the infrastructure on top of which OpenStack will be deployed, along with other types of configuration files used to customize OpenStack after its deployment. These configuration files are interconnected while being used at different deployment stages. For instance, we observe specific configuration files used during the deployment stage to create other configuration files that are used in the runtime stage. We also observe that identifying and classifying these types of files is not straightforward, as five out of the nine types can be written in similar programming languages (e.g., Python and Bash) as regular source code files. We also found that the same file extensions (e.g., Yaml ) can be used for different configuration types, making it difficult to identify and classify configuration files. Thus, we first leverage a machine learning model to identify configuration from non-configuration files, which achieved a median area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91, a median Brier score of 0.12, a median precision of 0.86, and a median recall of 0.83. Thereafter, we leverage a multi-class classification model to classify configuration files based on the nine configuration types. Our multi-class classification model achieved a median weighted AUC of 0.92, a median Brier score of 0.04, a median weighted precision of 0.84, and a median weighted recall of 0.82. Our analysis also shows that with only 100 labeled configuration and non-configuration files, our model reached a median AUC higher than 0.69. Furthermore, our configuration model requires a minimum of 100 configuration files to reach a median weighted AUC higher than 0.75.

Pelatihan Update Data Simpan Pinjam KPNRI Welas Asih Banjarbaru

A co-operation of state officials of the welfare established in 1974 under the auspices of teachers of the Basic School of Banjar district on Ahmad Yani Street Km 33,3 no.39 town Banjarbaru. At the end of 2022, 1,000 active members were registered and were spread evenly in 4 districts: the landscape, the coral, the cempaka and the martapura. The lending data storage application has been running since 2001 until now the update of the loan storage data in 2023 is focused on accelerating the process of payment of member loan bills, which at the time of bill payment is only filled with the members of KPNRI who wait only so that the input of payment data is very fast and efficient considering the number of members who perform lending activity more than 600 transactions / records per month. Other loan storage data update is the process of updating the transfer of KPNRI member homebase so that the billing process can be done in accordance with the location of the latest member home base, as well as updating data maintenance and repair of database table files if there are errors due to power failure. Results P2M training participants are able to operate the application with input member loan data, payment member loan bills as well as printing bills on all work units with correct information.

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI PROFESI PMIK TERHADAP FAKTOR PENYEBAB KERUSAKAN BERKAS REKAM MEDIS DI RUMAH SAKIT X

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of PMIK (Medical Recorder and Health Information) professional competence on the factors causing damage to medical record files at Hospital X. The research method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques used are by means of observation, interviews, questionnaires and literature study. The sampling technique used a total saturation sampling technique of 19 people. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it was obtained that the influence between variable X and variable Y was 16,048. The problems that arise are: 1) The officers are not careful and not thorough in carrying out the work of storing medical record files. 2) There is still a lack of knowledge of officers regarding the maintenance and protection of medical record files. 3) The medical record file storage rack is still made of wood so it will affect the medical record file because it is eaten by termites or rats. 4) There is no SPO (Standard Operating Procedure) for the maintenance and protection of medical record files.The suggestions given to the Hospital X include: 1) It is advisable for medical record officers at Hospital X to carry out the work of storing medical record files in a professional manner according to established standards. 2) It is advisable for the leadership of Hospital X to provide direction to the medical records manager of Hospital X to provide RMIK training in order to increase the knowledge and skills of medical record officers in medical record services. 3) We recommend that the medical records lead at Hospital X carry out Control and Monitoring (supervision and monitoring) on ​​facilities and infrastructure in medical record services in order to increase the quality and quantity of medical record service management. 4) It is recommended that the medical records manager at Hospital X make and carry out a controlling checklist (supervision checklist) for medical record officers so that officers are supervised and do their job correctly, precisely and consistently.
 Keywords: PMIK Professional Competency, Factors causing damage to medical record files.

Sustainable development of simulation setups and addons for OpenFOAM for nuclear reactor safety research

Abstract Open-source environments such as the Computational Fluid Dynamics software OpenFOAM are very appealing for research groups since they allow for an efficient prototyping of new models or concepts. However, for downstream developments to be sustainable, i.e. reproducible and reusable in the long term, a significant amount of maintenance work must be accounted for. To allow for growth and extensibility, the maintenance work should be underpinned by a high degree of automation for repetitive tasks such as build tests, code deployment and validation runs, in order to keep the focus on scientific work. Here, an information technology environment is presented that aids the centralized maintenance of addon code and setup files with relation to reactor coolant system safety research. It fosters collaborative developments and review processes. State-of-the-art tools for managing software developments are adapted to meet the requirements of OpenFOAM. A flexible approach for upgrading the underlying installation is proposed, based on snapshots of the OpenFOAM development line rather than yearly version releases, to make new functionality available when needed by associated research projects. The process of upgrading within so-called sprint cycles is accompanied by several checks to ensure compatibility of downstream code and simulation setups. Furthermore, the foundation for building a validation data base from contributed simulation setups is laid, creating a basis for continuous quality assurance.

Overview of the Implementation of Medical Record Maintenance at Tarakan Hospital Jakarta in 2021: A Qualitative Study

A medical record is a file that contains notes and documents about patient identity, examination, treatment, actions, and other services that have been provided to patients. Medical records in carrying out maintenance and protection so that medical records are protected from damage and can facilitate the service process. This study discusses the process or activities of maintaining medical records at the Tarakan Hospital, Jakarta. The purpose of this study was to find out what factors could trigger the occurrence of damage or dangers to the medical record unit and to find out the preventive actions taken by the hospital in protecting medical records. This type of research uses a qualitative descriptive method, which describes the implementation of the maintenance of medical record files in the filing room in 2021. The implementation of medical record maintenance by medical record unit officers, it does not follow the SOP that has been set by Tarakan Hospital Jakarta. Constraints in maintaining medical records are seen from biological, chemical, environmental, and security factors. These obstacles are often the factors that cause damage to medical records such as dust, fire/coal on cigarettes, pests/insects, and chemical liquids and maintenance of medical records at the Tarakan Hospital.

Risk Factor Identification Occupational Health and Safety Medical Record Officer Filing Section in Hospital (Literature Review)

Background: Filing service is one of the medical record work units that responsible for the storage and maintenance of medical record files. Filing is one of the work units in medical records that are responsible for the storage and maintenance of medical record files. The work implementation process has risks that can threaten the safety and health of officers. Therefore, it can result in low quality of work. An attempt that can be performed to decrease the risk of accident is the implementation of good Occupational Health and Safety. Through several studies related to Occupational Health and Safety in Filing Unit, some of the factors causing work accidents are physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical factors related to ergonomics, individuals, and psychosocial, which causes the officers to feel unsafe and uncomfortable at work. Therefore, this study aims to identify what are the risk factors for occupational health and safety to medical record officers in the filing section at the hospital.Methods: The research method was qualitative research. The data collection used a literature study. The subjects of the study were medical record officers in the filing section, while the object of the study was occupational health and safety.Results: The results of the study, according to 10 journals reviewed, show that factors that become the risk to occupational health and safety of medical record officers in the filling section are lighting, air temperature, smells caused by old medical record files, virus exposure, medical record storage rack, awareness of using PPE, and work relationship between officers.Conclusions: It is expected that the hospital can improve work facilities and infrastructures, and the self-awareness of medical record officers to maintain safety and comfort at work is required so that a good and optimal working atmosphere can be created.

Organisation and Maintenance of Library Authority Files in Russia and Abroad

The article provides review of foreign and domestic publications on the problems of creation, development and use of authority files (AF) of names of persons, names of organizations, geographical names and other objects both at the international, national and regional levels. The paper presents analysis of the foreign experience of AF maintenance. The authors note that, due to the availability of universal collections and qualified specialists, AF formation abroad is usually carried out by national libraries. A substantive analysis of foreign publications has shown that national AFs (NAF) are characterized by data variability and diversity of approaches. The authors studied the experience of successful combination of NAF created according to different methods within the framework of the international corporate project — Virtual International Authority File (VIAF). The article notes that most of the Russian libraries do not use AF, since AF, created in republican and regional scientific libraries, as a rule, are not publicly available. At the same time, creation by a separate library of its own AF leads to high labour and material costs, and the formation of a large number of AF leads to the variability of the AFs created for the same objects. The authors conclude that for efficient use of AFs within the country, it is necessary to apply unified methods and rules for creation of authority records. Another way out is the application of the Semantic Web technology, which allows linking AFs created according to different methods. It is necessary to make maximum use of existing dictionaries or create dictionaries based on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Resource Description Framework (RDF), RDF Schema (RDFS) and Web Ontology Language (OWL) standards.

Analisis Faktor Penyebab Kerusakan Berkas Rekam Medis di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga

Medical records are files that contain records and documents regarding patient identity, examination results,treatment, actions and other services that have been provided to patients. Management of medical records is oneof medical support services. Based on the results of a preliminary study conducted at Airlangga UniversityHospital Surabaya it is known that in February 2020 amount 104 files were damaged so that the forms containedin them could be torn. This research was aimed to analyze the factors that cause damage to medical record filesat Airlangga University Hospital Surabaya. This type of research uses qualitative and data collection withinterviews and observations by using the analysis of 5M management elements is Man, Machine, Method,Material, Money. The population in this study is the medical records officer filing room section of 5 officers. Theresults obtained are that there are still many medical records officers who have a background not DIII medicalrecords, the lack of socialization of SOPs related to the maintenance of medical record files, limited number ofrack filing, and the less used folder material. So the suggestion made by the researchers is to redesign themedical record file folder by using a color code, and calculate the rack filing needs.

Generación de ficheros de input para la construcción y el mantenimiento de tesauros en BRS mediante un sistema de gestión de bases de datos en microordenador

Se presenta un procedimiento que ha permitido la creación en lote de un tesauro en el entorno BRS. Dicho tesauros comprende 7.500 términos correspondientes a la geografía mundial y controla bases de datos bibliográficas y audiovisuales de información de actualidad. La estructuración del fichero de carga y la delimitación de las relaciones terminológicas se han realizado empleando un sistema de gestión de base de datos en microordenador. El alcance semántico de los términos se ha representado mediante códigos clasificatorios alfanuméricos que permiten identificar las relaciones de equivalencia (igualdad de códigos) y jerárquicas (inclusión de los códigos más genéricos en los de los términos específicos). El procedimiento es igualmente aplicable al establecimiento de relaciones asociativas. Los programas, detallados a lo largo del trabajo, se basan en la relación de un fichero general en que los términos se ordenan alfabéticamente y otro en que los términos preferentes se disponen en orden jerárquico según sus códigos. Dos ficheros adicionales contienen los términos no preferentes y los asociados. Como resultado se obtienen tanto las ediciones alfabética y jerárquica simples como una combinación de ambas, apta para la carga posterior del fichero en el módulo tesauro de BRS u otros grandes sistemas.

Deep Learning for Trilingual Character Recognition

As India is a multilingual country, in which the national language is Hindi, regional languages still exist in each of the corresponding states. In government offices, for the purpose of communication and maintenance of files and ledgers, the languages preferred are the regional languages and Hindi. As corporate offices and private organizations also exist in the country, these bodies mainly prefer the English language with the regional language in recording documents and ledgers. So, in this regard, in India a document contains multilingual texts, and there is a need of a multilingual OCR system. In this article, a trilingual OCR system is developed using deep learning for supporting English, Hindi and Kannada languages, the regional language of the state Karnataka.

Monte Carlo simulations of the radiation environment for the CMS experiment

Monte Carlo radiation transport codes are used by the CMS Beam Radiation Instrumentation and Luminosity (BRIL) project to estimate the radiation levels due to proton–proton collisions and machine induced background. Results are used by the CMS collaboration for various applications: comparison with detector hit rates, pile-up studies, predictions of radiation damage based on various models (Dose, NIEL, DPA), shielding design, estimations of residual dose environment. Simulation parameters, and the maintenance of the input files are summarized, and key results are presented. Furthermore, an overview of additional programs developed by the BRIL project to meet the specific needs of CMS community is given.

The Legal Case File as Border Object: On Self‐reference and Other‐reference in Criminal Law

What do case files do? With help of an ethnographic study on the care, maintenance, and use of legal case files in a Dutch, inquisitorial context, we work through Latour's and Luhmann's conceptualizations of law. We understand these case files as enacting and performing both self‐reference and other‐reference. We coin the term border object to denote the way the legal case file becomes the nexus between two worlds it itself performatively produces: the world of ‘law itself’ on the one hand, and the ‘world out there’ on the other. As such, our discussion offers clues for a partial reconciliation of Latour's and Luhmann's conceptualizations of law: while Luhmann's insistence on other‐referential operations assist in showing how law forges an ‘epistemic relationship’ with the realities it seeks to judge, Latour's concentration on the materialities of epistemic practices assists in situating these other‐referential and self‐referential operations.

An overview of chemical straightening of human hair: technical aspects, potential risks to hair fibre and health and legal issues

Personal image, as it relates to external beauty, has attracted much attention from the cosmetic industry, and capillary aesthetics is a leader in consumption in this area. There is a great diversity of products targeting both the treatment and beautification of hair. Among them, hair straighteners stand out with a high demand by costumers aiming at beauty, social acceptance and ease of daily hair maintenance. However, this kind of treatment affects the chemical structure of keratin and of the hair fibre, bringing up some safety concerns. Moreover, the development of hair is a dynamic and cyclic process, where the duration of growth cycles depends not only on where hair grows, but also on issues such as the individual's age, dietary habits and hormonal factors. Thus, although hair fibres are composed of dead epidermal cells, when they emerge from the scalp, there is a huge variation in natural wave and the response to hair cosmetics. Although it is possible to give the hair a cosmetically favourable appearance through the use of cosmetic products, for good results in any hair treatment, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of the process. Important information, such as the composition and structure of the hair fibres, and the composition of products and techniques available for hair straightening, must be taken into account so that the straightening process can be designed appropriately, avoiding undesirable side effects for hair fibre and for health. This review aims to address the morphology, chemical composition and molecular structure of hair fibres, as well as the products and techniques used for chemical hair relaxing, their potential risk to hair fibre and to health and the legal aspects of their use.

An updated account of the ethical and legal considerations of record keeping.

The Canadian literature is void of contemporary guidelines for clinical record keeping for psychologists, as the most recent article was published more than two decades ago (Eberlein, 1990). However, the techniques used in record keeping have greatly advanced, specifically with regard to the role of computers and the use of electronic documents. Furthermore, new legislation and guidelines have been developed in response to these technological advancements. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise, accessible, and up-to-date set of guidelines on record keeping in psychology. The professional and legal requirements of psychologists are discussed with regard to the use, content, access, ownership, and retention of records with special consideration given to electronic documents. Recommendations are made for Canadian psychologists that are consistent with the current legal and professional standards of the field. Keywords: record keeping, client files, electronic documents, Code of Ethics The Canadian literature is void of contemporary guidelines for clinical record keeping. Although books that contain information regarding record keeping have been published more recently (e.g., Evans, 2004 and Truscott & Crook, 2004), the most recent article dates back to 1990 (Eberlein, 1990). Eberlein's article was written largely in response to the establishment of the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists (Canadian Psychological Association [CPA], 1988; herein referred to as the Code of Ethics). However, two revisions of the Code of Ethics have been published (1999 and 2001), and the techniques used in record keeping have advanced, specifically with regard to the role of computers and the use of electronic documents. Beyond the above developments, the federal Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) was introduced in 2000, and it has modified the statutes relevant to records. Similarly, a draft of guidelines for psychologists who provide psychological services via electronic media was developed (CPA, 2006; to be finalized). The American Psychological Association (APA) set forth guidelines for record keeping in 2007 that address many of the issues surrounding client files, but the CPA is yet to develop a comprehensive document devoted to record keeping. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise and accessible resource on record keeping that is up-to-date with the advances that have occurred since 1990. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the issues related to record keeping and provides recommendations for Canadian psychologists. More specifically, the professional and legal requirements of psychologists are discussed with regard to the use, content, access, ownership, and retention of records with special consideration given to electronic documents. The implications of technological advances on client confidentiality and privacy are also considered. The suggestions made in this paper are consistent with the Code of Ethics, as well as legislative and provincial laws and regulations, including the Code of Conduct (or its equivalent) of each province and territory. While the Code of Ethics is aspirational in the principles, values, and standards it sets forth for psychologists, laws and codes of conduct outline minimally acceptable standards of behaviour for all members of society and professionals, respectively. Failure to follow the Code of Ethics, as well as the legislative laws and regulations, can result in professional negligence, or even criminal or civil liability. The serious nature of improper record keeping highlights the importance of an up-to-date document on the creation, use, and maintenance of client files, especially in light of the confusion noted by Evans (2004) on the chaotic legislation governing access to and the protection of health information in Canada. Although similarities prevail in the provincial legislations related to record keeping, psychologists are expected to be familiar with the requirements specific to their province or territory (see Table 1). …

The EAF-2007 Neutron, Deuteron, and Proton Activation Libraries

The European Activation System, EASY, includes as the source of nuclear data the European Activation File (EAF). A new version of EAF, EAF-2007, has been developed that contains cross-section data for deuteron- and proton-induced reactions in addition to the traditional neutron-induced data. The main reason for the addition of these data to EAF is to enable activation calculations to be performed for the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility, which is a planned materials test facility, and for other accelerator-driven devices with an incident upper energy limit of 60 MeV. EAF-2007 has benefited from the generation and maintenance of comprehensive activation files and the development of the processing code SAFEPAQ-II. Cross-section validation exercises against both experimental data and systematics, which were started on the EAF-4 file (1995), enable a comprehensive assessment of the data. Although EAF-2007 is the best-validated activation neutron cross-section library in the world, currently <3% of all the reactions can be compared with experimental information and sometimes then only for a very limited, and not always relevant, energy range. As with EAF-2001, EAF-2003, and EAF-2005, results of integral experiments have been used to correct, adjust, and validate data. This can be done using SAFEPAQ-II by inputting the measured effective cross sections. Validation using integral data has been performed by means of direct comparison with measurements of various materials under relevant neutron spectra. A tool has been recently developed that is of importance now that libraries contain so much calculated data. Statistical Analysis of Cross Sections is used to look for trends in the library data for a particular reaction type, and this has proved efficient in identifying reactions with data that need correction or improvement. This method has been used with EAF-2005 and EAF-2007 and is a valuable additional validation method.

Authority Control at the National Archives and Records Administration

SUMMARY The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) launched the Archival Research Catalog (ARC) in 2002. ARC was the first centralized system for describing materials held throughout NARA's nationwide system of archival repositories. ARC's complicated development involved the entire agency, as staff wrestled with years of distinct descriptive practices. NARA evaluated external and internal standards, established a consensus-based decision-making structure, and through teamwork, successfully put into practice shared data structure, data content, and data value standards. This article addresses the selection or creation, implementation, and maintenance of the authority files and thesauri that provide data values for ARC access points to ensure consistent and precise retrieval of archival descriptions.

Medical data on demand with WebMIA

This article focuses on the creation of a system for managing and archiving large-scale medical data. Specifically, this case study demonstrates the new paradigm through the prototype system WebMIA. The system enables storage, maintenance, sharing, updating, and retrieval of medical files based on the existing Internet facilities and the state-of-the-art literature in medical image indexing and multimedia information presentation. It also incorporates our current research in image retrieval and multimodal medical image fusion. It surpasses the existing systems in the commercial and research sectors as it provides convenient, efficient, effective, and flexible online processing, annotation, and multimodal querying capabilities in one forum. The patient confidentiality issue is well addressed when the sharing of the medical information is provided. This technology will assist medical practitioners/researchers by enabling efficient management and sharing of medical files within or across a community, without being subject to geographical restrictions an d without creating the problems of inconsistent and fragmented medical data.

RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGE OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY IN DISTANCE LEARNING: USING EXCEL TO GUARANTEE INDIVIDUAL EFFORT

The distance learning environment is highly dependent upon assignment-based assessment. Whereas the business academy may seem well prepared for this transition with the emergence of the case method, a primary objection has been unanswered. Cases generate canned solutions that, when passed between students, jeopardize the accountability of individual efforts and the educational value of the exercise. Although students have leveraged computer technology to exacerbate this problem, the professoriate generally has not fought fire with fire. Through the use of artificial intelligence can restore the confidence that each student will work his/her own case solution and will therefore extract the intended educational purpose from the effort. With computer technology made to act intelligently, assessments given to students should become more robust as a primary pedagogical device of distance learning. One of the least recognized challenges of the distance learning environment pertains to the need to reconfigure student evaluation. This paper describes the problem and proposes a solution based on artificial intelligence concepts that is deliverable within conventional software. The ability to rapidly transfer data and to instantaneously communicate simultaneously makes distance learning possible and threatens its integrity. Much more than with the face-to-face learning environment, instructors are heavily dependent upon assignments completed under uncontrolled circumstances. While this packaging of educational material can come closer to addressing the factual richness of the setting, they may be ineffective as measures of student ability. If instructors ignore the prospect that students exchange solutions, individual evaluation is considerably compromised. In this paper, we suggest that computer technology and artificial intelligence can be better brought to bear on the production of case materials so that academic integrity can be maintained. THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM Concern over the integrity of the solution remains a legitimate concern in the traditional educational environment. Unlike tests, instructors have little control over the actual inputs of individual students when cases are a major part of the course. When cases include expectations that students produce written solutions that are to be graded, individual accountability is at issue. Notwithstanding ethical codes to the contrary, students, in the preparation of their written responses, may borrow solutions prepared by other students. This may occur between students in the current year's class, or through more systematic means, between students taking the class in different terms. Fraternities and sororities are notorious in the maintenance of files containing solutions to cases, as well as other materials, in order to reduce the necessary effort of each

APA’s Annual Meetings Department Working for You

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article The Medical Director's DeskFull AccessAPA’s Annual Meetings Department Working for YouJames H. Scully Jr., M.D.James H. Scully Jr.Search for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:18 Jul 2003https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.38.14.0004The 156th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association was held in San Francisco May 17 to 22. The total registration was 21,363 (compared with 19,887 in 2002), making this the largest annual meeting ever held. This total includes 6,607 members (19 percent of the APA membership), 10,272 nonmembers, 3,957 exhibitors, 353 members of the media, 6,570 international registrants (886 of whom were members), and 155 APA staff. From comments made by registrants throughout the week, we concluded that the 2003 annual meeting was a great success.APA’s Institute on Psychiatric Services will be held October 29 to November 2, in Boston (see Original article: pages 27 and Original article: 28). This is a small educational meeting held annually focusing on clinical and service programs, especially those that provide an array of services and clinical innovations to meet the needs of the most challenging patients.The revenue generated from annual meetings is APA’s second highest source of revenue, which is used to offset the costs of other APA projects.The Annual Meetings Department (AMD) coordinates both the logistics and scientific programs of APA’s annual meeting and the Institute on Psychiatric Services. AMD staff are responsible for coordinating all meeting logistics; publication printing; meeting publicity; registration; housing; busing; budgeting; contracts; vendor selection; ceremonial events (Opening Session and Convocation); staff coordination (including staff meetings and orientation); maintenance of historical databases, reports, and files; space assignments; site selection; and shipping.AMD is also responsible for all logistical arrangements for governance meetings (Board of Trustees, Area Councils, Assembly, fall component meetings), and other APA meetings held throughout the year (committee meetings, Legislative Institute, and so on). Staff work closely with the Scientific Program Committees for both meetings by providing administrative support and meeting coordination.The department is staffed by 19 employees, with an annual budget of $1.4 million. While the revenue generated from the meetings varies from year to year, the average total annual gross revenue for both meetings is approximately $14.8 million. The annual meeting alone nets anywhere from $2.5 million to $4.3 million a year.Here’s how we do it:It starts with submissions to present a scientific session—an average of 1,750 for the annual meeting and 550 for the institute are processed each year. Many formats are offered—Advances in Research, Forums, Symposia, Industry-Supported Symposia, Lectures, Workshops, Scientific and Clinical Reports, Debates, Medical Updates, Review of Psychiatry Sessions, Caucuses, Innovative Programs, CME Courses, New Research Sessions, Clinical and Continuous Case Conferences, Distinguished Speakers, Research Advances in Medicine, Discussion Groups, Full-Day Sessions, Master Educator Clinical Consultations, Posters, Leadership and Career Development Seminars, Research Consultation With Series, and other invited and special sessions. Additionally, the department acquires and processes commercial support for symposia and various meeting activities.Staff also prepare the program materials for 10 books for the annual meeting and five books for the institute, process more than 5,000 disclosure forms for both meetings, and coordinate audiotaping of 170 annual meeting sessions and 60 institute sessions.Publicizing the meeting takes on a variety of forms—detailed information is posted on the APA Web site, advertisements and articles appear in our publications, and postcards and flyers are sent to all APA members, prospective members, medical students, and other mental health professionals.With about 20,000 annual meeting attendees and 2,000 institute attendees, the registration process is monumental. AMD staff, along with temporary staff, enter data into the computer, confirm and acknowledge registrations and course enrollment, process monies and receipts, process cancellations and issue refunds, and prepare status reports.Site visits are conducted prior to the meetings, and space assignments for the sessions are made. Staff secure buses, housing (up to 9,000 rooms on peak nights), audiovisual equipment, decorators, and all vendors needed to make the meeting successful.On site, AMD staff manage the logistics for more than 600 scientific sessions, 160 allied meetings, and 225 component meetings; assist with registration; staff the Annual Meeting Office, where staff solve problems and provide membership support; check sessions to ensure program quality and compile statistical data; and manage the housing and shuttle bus services.Following each meeting, staff prepare a critique for the purposes of implementing changes and enhancements for future meetings.Final planning is under way for this fall’s institute. APA’s 2004 annual meeting will be held May 1 to 6 in New York. We look forward to your attendance at both of these important meetings.Feel free to e-mail your questions and comments to me at [email protected]. ▪ ISSUES NewArchived

A case study in repeated maintenance

AbstractRTP is a widely used commercial real‐time product that has been maintained over a period of 13 years. We have analyzed multiple versions of RTP, which is written in C and Assembler. We measured increases in dependencies within the code between successive versions and performed statistical analyses on the data. There was no significant difference between the maintenance of Assembler files and C files. Also, there was no significant difference between the versions written by the original developers and those written by maintenance programmers not involved in the original development. The differences between individual programmers were very highly significant. Our interpretation of these results is that the skill of the individual programmer is an important factor in ensuring that a software product remains maintainable over its lifetime and that software engineering education and training are therefore of major importance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.