Maintenance Of Ethnic Identity Research Articles

The theoretical and methodological basis of the study of the processes of ethnic identification

The problem of ethnic identity of representatives of other nationalities, its formation depends on changes taking place in society, social and cultural life. Studying this issue is of great scientific importance in multiethnic Kazakhstan. This is because the ethnic minority, like all citizens in the society, goes through the necessary stages of adaptation in the socio-cultural environment. This will bring about changes in social relations. Its factors, socio-cultural features should be studied in order not to turn the changes into conflicts. Because the phenomenon of diaspora is based on ethnic identity, which ensures the survival of the ethnic organism. The theoretical basis of the article is the works of foreign and domestic scientists who have studied various aspects of ethnic identity. This is because the study of ethnic identity is a complex and multidisciplinary field that includes various theoretical and methodological approaches. Scholars from anthropology, sociology, psychology, and other disciplines have contributed to our understanding of how individuals and groups identify with their ethnic heritage. The article is based on a number of theoretical findings that seek to understand how the study of ethnic identity processes shapes the ethnic identities of individuals and groups. These theories provide insight into the complex interplay of factors that influence the development and maintenance of ethnic identity. The study used a historical method to understand how the functions of ethnic identity have changed from ancient times to the present day. The documentary method of analysis was used to analyze published scientific articles. Ethnic identity has been found to be a complex and multidimensional construct that can be influenced by personal experiences, societal norms, historical factors, and broader cultural dynamics.

FEATURES OF FUTURE TEACHER’S ETHNOCULTURAL COMPETENCE FORMATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW

The article highlights some aspects of students’ ethnocultural competence formation at higherpedagogical education institutions during the war in Ukraine. In particular, it is emphasized that mastering fundamentaleducational components such as the Ukrainian Language, History of Ukrainian Statehood and National Culture, Historyof Pedagogy, and Ethnopedagogy is the foundation of future teachers’ ability to navigate freely in the world of culturalvalues of their ethnic group, understand the language of the ethnoculture and create, using this language. It is stated thatthe future teacher’s ethnocultural competence strengthening is facilitated by the receipt of non-formal art education athigher pedagogical education institutions in permanent artistic and creative groups with national orientation andtemporary student associations. Emphasis is placed on the fact that future teachers’ non-formal artistic and educationalactivities in such groups contribute to their mentality development, ethnic morality formation, ethnic identitymaintenance, ethnocultural competence enrichment, etc. It is pointed out that the value of non-formal education inartistic and creative groups is especially relevant in martial law. It is primarily due to the rise of the national spirit, theintroduction of a much larger number of works of art with national content, as well as the possibility of involving innerinternally displaced persons from the temporarily occupied territories, namely students of other universities,preschoolers, and primary school children who found shelter in the universities situated on the unoccupied territory ofUkraine. The article gives examples of non-formal artistic and creative groups and temporary associations activities atPoltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University. It has had a positive impact on future teachers’ ethnoculturalcompetence formation during the war.

Looking Across and Within: Immigration as a Unifying Structural Factor Impacting Cardiometabolic Health and Diet

Introduction Immigration has been identified as an important social determinant of health (SDH), embodying structures and policies that reinforce positions of poverty, stress, and limited social and economic mobility. In the public health literature with regard to diet, immigration is often characterized as an individual-level process (dietary acculturation) and is largely examined in one racial/ethnic subgroup at a time. For this narrative review, we aim to broaden the research discussion by describing SDH common to the immigrant experience and that may serve as barriers to healthy diets. Methods A narrative review of peer-reviewed quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies on cardiometabolic health disparities, diet, and immigration was conducted. Results Cardiometabolic disease disparities were frequently described by racial/ethnic subgroups instead of country of origin. While cardiovascular disease and obesity risk differed by country of origin, diabetes prevalence was typically higher for immigrant groups vs United States (US)-born individuals. Common barriers to achieving a healthy diet were food insecurity; lack of familiarity with US food procurement practices, food preparation methods, and dietary guidelines; lack of familiarity and distrust of US food processing and storage methods; alternative priorities for food purchasing (eg, freshness, cultural relevance); logistical obstacles (eg, transportation); stress; and ethnic identity maintenance. Conclusions To improve the health of immigrant populations, understanding similarities in cardiometabolic health disparities, diet, and barriers to health across immigrant communities—traversing racial/ethnic subgroups—may serve as a useful framework. This framework can guide research, policy, and public health practices to be more cohesive, generalizable, and meaningfully inclusive.

Role of civil society institutions in preserving ethnic identity

The paper focuses on the role of ethnocultural public associations, which are civil society institutions preserving ethnic identity. The authors investigate the role of ethnocultural public associations in preserving ethnic culture and language, and report the collaboration of these associations with population and youth. The authors place special emphasis on the specific practices of interaction between public organizations and the authorities in the field of national policy, the maintenance of ethnic identity and language, and the formation of an integrated civic identity and its strengthening in the polyethnic and polyconfessional space.

НАУЧНО-ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПОНЯТИЯ «ЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ» В МИРОВОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПАРАДИГМЕ

The article analyzes the approaches to the content and structure of ethnic identity, the author’s definition of ethnic identity in the context of the socio-psychological approach, clarification based on conceptual and theoretical analysis of the structure of ethnic identity, clarification of the relationship of ethnic identity with ethnic consciousness, interethnic tolerance, the characteristics of the civil position of the individual. Background. Ethnic identity is not identical to the more widely used concepts of nationality and citizenship, but acts as a powerful factor in the formation and cohesion of ethnic groups and their social ties. Moreover, it is ethnic identity that mediates the cohesion of ethnic groups and the readiness of their representatives to protect the interests of ethnic groups and defend their integrity. Therefore, the formed ethnic identity is an important condition for the preservation of multi-ethnicity and multipolarity of the modern world, and the explicit manifestations of this identity are an important condition for the formation of favorable inter-ethnic relations and reduction of inter-ethnic tensions. In this article the problems of ethnic identity are studied from the perspective of social psychology, which allows one to actualize its special context and pay attention to socio-psychological determinants of the formation and maintenance of ethnic identity and ethnic self-consciousness, which is especially important for the sustainable development of society and country in times of crisis. Conclusions. The author proposed a definition of ethnic identity in the context of the socio-psychological approach as a dynamic and multidimensional formation, which characterizes the feeling (implicit component) and awareness (explicit component) of a person as a member of a particular ethnic group/community. On the basis of conceptual and theoretical analysis the socio-psychological structure of ethnic identity was clarified and the relationship of ethnic identity with ethnic self-consciousness, inter-ethnic tolerance, the characteristics of the civil position of the individual was found.

Los Angeles: The Capital of the Armenian Immigrant Community in the Twenty-First Century

This article is an introduction to the subject of Armenian Americans in Los Angeles, both within the broader context of the diaspora and a narrower one, presenting an analysis of the mutual relations between the Armenian community and the city. In the twenty-first century, Los Angeles has become home to the second largest urban population of Armenians in the world after Yerevan. It consists of three main groups: descendants of the first immigrants, refugees from the Middle East, and most recently, the so-called “Soviet” Armenians and immigrants from the Republic of Armenia. The construction of the Armenian Americans Museum will begin in the near future. The mission of the institution will be to document the experience of Armenian migration and to support the maintenance of ethnic identity among the next generations of the diaspora. In Glendale, an ethnoburb of Los Angeles, Armenian Americans make up 40 percent of the population. A significant proportion of the administrative decision-makers there come from the Armenian diaspora. The city is not only the informal second capital city for the Armenian global community, but also an incubator for its cultural project; in particular, it is a center of the Armenian music industry.

소수종족 마을을 통해 본 종족 정체성 유지 및 강화에 관한 연구 - 미얀마 빨라웅족 마을에 대한 민족지적 연구 -

소수종족 마을을 통해 본 종족 정체성 유지 및 강화에 관한 연구 - 미얀마 빨라웅족 마을에 대한 민족지적 연구 -

Intergenerational Ties in Latinx Protestant Congregations: Sustaining Ethnicity through Organizational and Affective Connections

This paper examines the persistence of intergenerational ties within Latinx Protestant Congregations (LPCs) and the implications these ties have for the persistence of LPCs as distinctly ethnic institutions. Though studies of generational transitions within ethnic congregations tend to emphasize intergenerational discontinuity, this paper uncovers ways that Latinx Protestants maintain intergenerational ties through LPC involvement, both within and across institutional settings. Rather than focusing on the content of intergenerational transmission, such as cultural practices, ethnic material, or explicit identity labels, this paper is concerned with a more preliminary matter of ethnic identity maintenance—the persistence of channels of transmission across generations. In particular, this paper examines how LPC organizational structures sustain cross-generational links, and how later generation Latinxs express affective ties to earlier generation Latinxs. Taking a religious ecology approach, findings are based on in-depth qualitative research conducted within six LPCs, and an informal survey of eleven additional LPCs, all located in the city of Santa Ana, California, a Latinx majority city. Findings suggest that LPCs are successfully cultivating intergenerational ties among a select group of later generation Latinxs, and that later generation Latinxs who stay connected to LPCs value these ties.

UNDERSTANDING ETHNIC IDENTITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNAL MIGRATION: A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF ETHNIC MINORITY ORIGINS IN URBAN BANGLADESH

Although much scholarly attention has been given to the historical and contemporary struggles of ethnic minority communities in Bangladesh especially related to the politics of indigeneity, this study specifically seeks to obtain a holistic understanding of the process of renegotiation and maintenance of ethnic identity as experienced by university students of ethnic minority origins in Bangladesh who have migrated from their ancestral home to urban centers.  An ethnographic approach based on key informant interviews and focus groups was employed to collect qualitative data. Findings suggest that the notion of ethnic identity is not static; rather it is complex and dynamic. Although the sense of belonging to a distinct ethnic group is very important to all study participants  whenever issues affecting all ethnic minorities in Bangladesh came up by dissolving inter-ethnic boundaries, participants constructed a rather homogenous ethnic identity primarily underpinned by their historical and contemporary marginal status. It is also found that ethnic migrant students with higher levels of previous ethnic involvement better maintain their ethnic identity compared to students with less previous group involvement. By revealing the importance to consider agentic forces, this finding contradicts with social identity theory which has traditionally undermined individual’s agency. Earlier studies have shown that ethnic students with higher previous ethnic involvement completely replace their previous social support network by creating a new one in the new environment. However, participants in this study simultaneously retained and accessed both their old and new social support networks depending on situational demands and opportunities. Findings also indicate that ethnic students who felt negatively about their ethnic group in the new environment showed lower self-esteem and increased alienation from their ethnic group. Relevant policy implications and future research directions have been outlined based on the study findings and discussion.

Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem & Intra Group Conflicts Amongst Latinos

Unlike Salvadorans, Mexican/Mexican Americans have long established communities revolved around their culture. They have advanced in social class, education and political representation. On the other hand, Salvadorans have only just recently begun migrating and settling in predominantly Mexican/Mexican American communities. Competition over resources and the preservation of Mexican/Mexican American culture has caused continuing conflicts among Salvadorans and Mexicans/Mexican Americans. Additionally, inter-ethnic and in-group conflicts are also affected by generational differences (1st, 2nd, 3rd generation, etc.). Due to acculturation, Latinos/as struggle to retain their cultural heritage and parents often lose the ability to influence their children’s ethnic identity (customs, language, social norms). My research aims to contribute to the development and maintenance of ethnic identity and understanding of interethnic conflicts they face amongst Mexicans in California. I will briefly explore the migration patterns of Salvadorans and Mexican/Mexican Americans from past research focusing on ethnic identity development and how it may be connected to generational differences, experiences based on acculturation and discrimination, and family ethnic socialization, how ethnic identity is associated with positive self-esteem, and how marginalization can create group conflict among Latinos/as; specifically with Salvadorans and Mexican/Mexican Americans. The purpose of this research is to educate and bring to light the different experiences of Latinos/as and the struggles to retain ethnic identity and positive self-esteem. Although most research focuses on the Mexican experience, my research will attempt to incorporate the Salvadoran experience— one that reflects Salvadorans’ being a double minority: within wider American society and within their Latino/a ethnic group. In doing so, I wish to bring attention to this inter-ethnic conflict that has not been explored enough.

Questioning the Dietary Acculturation Paradox: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Relationship between Food and Ethnic Identity in a Group of Mexican-American Women

BackgroundEpidemiological studies have described an “acculturation paradox.” Increased acculturation to the United States is associated with increased consumption of dietary fat and decreased consumption of fruits/vegetables. ObjectiveTo expand understanding of the dietary acculturation paradox, this study examined how bicultural Mexican-American women construct ethnic identity and how these identities and identity-making processes relate to perceptions of health and nutrition. DesignWe utilized embedded mixed methods (in-depth interviews; survey). Participants/settingWe analyzed a purposive sample of English-speaking Mexican-American women aged 18 to 29 years (n=24) in rural California to assess ethnic identity and diet beliefs. ResultsParticipants described food as central to expressing cultural identity, usually in terms of family interactions. Mexican food traditions were characterized as unhealthy; many preferred American foods, which were seen as healthier. Specifically, Mexican-American women perceived Mexican patterns of food preparation and consumption as unhealthy. In addition, traditional Mexican foods described as unhealthy were once considered special-occasion foods. Among the participants who expressed a desire to eat healthfully, to do so meant to reject Mexican ways of eating. ConclusionsThis study raises questions about the nature of the “dietary acculturation paradox.” While food—the eating of Mexican foods—is central to the maintenance of ethnic identity throughout acculturation, negative perceptions about the healthfulness of Mexican foods introduce tension into Mexican-American women’s self-identification. This study suggests a subtle contradiction that may help to explain the dietary acculturation paradox: While previous research has suggested that as Mexicans acculturate to the United States they adopt unhealthy diets, this study finds evidence that they do so at least in part due to perceptions that American diets are healthier than Mexican diets. Implications for interventions to improve Latinos’ diets include an emphasis on the family and use of Spanish linguistic cues. Finally, messages that simply advocate for “traditional” diets should be reconsidered because that message is discordant with perceptions of the healthfulness of such foods.

Destination unknown? Study choices and graduate destinations of Hungarian youth in Slovakia

AbstractFocusing on Hungarian minority youth in a rural Slovakian setting, this article analyses their higher education aspirations and choices amidst significant economic, political and educational reforms. Relying on mixed methods and a longitudinal design, the research follows a cohort of high school students from their last year of secondary school through university up to their graduate destinations several years onwards. The data reveal three main study‐work trajectories reflecting different trade‐offs in terms of higher education studies, graduate careers and ethnic identity maintenance that affect life‐chances and the future of the Hungarian community in Slovakia.

Role of a Japanese Market for New Japanese Migrants in the United States

<p><em>This research paper seeks to provide a clearer understanding of contemporary Japanese migration to the United States through a case study examining the role of one Japanese market, Nijiya Market, in Sawtelle, Los Angeles. This study identifies the main roles that this particular market serves, as evidenced by oral interviews and intensive site observation fieldwork. The findings reveal that the ethnic market is very important to the creation and maintenance of ethnic identity across multiple generations of new Japanese immigrants and migrants living in the United States. Furthermore, as a main component of many Japanese communities, the ethnic market enables Japanese to maintain aspects of their homeland lifestyle and culture, even while living abroad. Perhaps most importantly, they provide these Japanese with a way to extend a bridge between their lives in the United States and their lives in Japan. </em><em></em></p>

Patterned Fluidity of Chinese Ethnic Identity: Networks, Time, and Place

This study tests the salience/prominence of Chinese ethnic identity by applying identity theory, social identity theory, and social network analysis. Using survey data of Chinese graduate students in two universities in the United States, I show how Chinese ethnic identity salience varies with the percentage of Chinese in an individual’s ego network revolving around him or her. In addition, among newcomers to the United States, as the percentage Chinese in ego networks increases, the decline of Chinese identity salience/prominence declines, but for old timers in the United States, as the percentage Chinese increases, the decline of Chinese identity salience/prominence is reversed. The ethnic identity salience lapses with time unless the respondents keep a cohort of co-nationals. Moreover, a cosmopolitan sociocultural environment is conducive to the maintenance of ethnic identity when an individual has many co-nationals in his or her ego network while having many co-nationals does not stop the decline of ethnic salience in an isolated social environment.

Global Pentecostalism and Ethnic Identity Maintenance among Latino Immigrants

Protestantism has been considered particularly weak for sustaining ethnic boundaries among immigrants. Recognizing the global adaptability and indigenization of Pentecostalism, however, we expect that immigrants from more pentecostal nations will likely retain their Protestantism in ways that affirm their ethnic identity. Using ethnographic data, our research demonstrates how a Guatemalan pentecostal church in Oregon successfully preserves its homeland culture, revealing how the structure of Pentecostalism at La Iglesia de Restauración (affiliated with Elim churches) sustains ethnic continuity with its native indigenous culture. This Latino Protestant church affirms Pentecostalism’s capacity to encourage transnational relationships through a variety of social mechanisms, including provision of ethnic symbols and a space to use them, use of homeland languages (both Ki’ché and Spanish), and promotion of a homegrown leadership. Moreover, the doctrinal division between “world” and “church” discourages assimilation into American culture while simultaneously reinforcing maintenance of “godly” indigenous practices that are legitimated as appropriately religious.

The Construction of the House of the Jewish Church-School Community in Belgrade and the Process of Jewish Emancipation

The Construction of the House of the Jewish Church-School Community in Belgrade and the Process of Jewish Emancipation Vuk Dautović and Vladana Putnik Through the construction of the House of the Jewish Church-School Community in Belgrade,1 based on the project by architect Samuel Sumbul (1887– 1947), the process of the emancipation of the Belgrade Jewry in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (SCS) (1918–29) was complete (Figure 1). This representative public edifice became a functional entity with the Bet Jisrael synagogue, to which it was physically connected. These spaces of Jewish religious and creedal practices, educational activities, social and communal manifestations, and political events were united as meeting places of representatives of the Jewish community and the state at the time. The House of the Jewish Church-School Community, being the head office of the Rabbinate and the public Jewish institution, is studied through its numerous functions and its importance in the lives of the Jewish population in interwar Belgrade. These observations are an examination of the school’s visual shaping and artistic articulation. This important space has not been subject to comprehensive scholarly observation and interpretation, which is the aim of this article. Through a historiographic approach, this work analyzes the role of the House of the Jewish Church-School Community in shaping the Jewish community’s identity [End Page 179] in Belgrade. Through analyses of archives, periodicals, and field research, the history of the construction of the Community House will be unveiled, because it has not been explored meticulously until now. A study of its architectural morphology is included with this research. The presence of Jews in Belgrade, in the area of Jalija, mostly populated by the Sephardic population, was recorded as early as the 16th century.2 As a visible minority, Jews functioned in Belgrade in accordance with the Ottoman cultural model, similarly to other major cities in the Balkans under Turkish rule, such as Sarajevo and Thessaloniki. The lives of the Jews in the Ottoman Empire, predominantly of Spanish descent, sharing a common Ladino language, and having mutually strong trade and family connections, determined the forms of representation and expression of the Jewish community’s identity. In this way of life, the distant boundaries of exchange within the Ottoman cultural sphere facilitated the maintenance of ethnic identity.3 The period after the national revolutions and the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire changed the position of Jews with the newly created Christian states in the Balkans. There, they fought for civil equality, establishing a trusting relationship with the new authorities and adjusting the representations of their Jewish identity to the new political situation.4 During the 19th century, the Jewish community in Belgrade was large and important. It owned several synagogues, a school, a ritual bath (mikve), and a cemetery.5 This community predominantly consisted of merchants and craftsmen who actively participated in the life of the Belgrade trade bazaar, which served as a place for meeting other people and as a location of mutual cultural exchange.6 The position of Jews was regulated by laws in the Serbian [End Page 180] principality (1815–82) and later in the Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1918), moving from distrust to gradual integration into the new Serbian society. One of the important stages in this process was the participation of Jews in the Balkan wars and the First World War (1912–18), which was documented by their death toll and tales of heroism. Their sacrifices to their country were interpreted as proof of loyalty to the kingdom of which they were subjects.7 This was exactly the reason that the phrase about Jews being “Serbs of Moses’s faith” was coined.8 The wider currents of European Jewish emancipation and the Haskalah movement, equivalent to those of the Enlightenment, lasted from the last decades of the 18th until almost the end of the 19th century. Such movements facilitated the ways of including this minority into Serbian society, following the model of Central European Jewry.9 The last stage of the integration of Belgrade’s Jewish community in the life and political structure of the Kingdom of SCS is considered to be the period beginning with...

Ethnic identity maintenance within the Latino-American church: a structuration perspective

The Latino ethnic/immigrant church plays a significant role in maintaining the ethnic identity of its congregants. Through the perspective of structuration theory, this qualitative analysis investigates how the activities of the church impact its members and how an individual might contribute to the cultural structure of the Latino church (i.e., duality of structure). Interviews of 25 pastors from Spanish-speaking congregations in both urban and rural settings in Oregon resulted in several themes including the initial planting of the church, the denominational structure, the emergence of a new multi-ethnic cultural identity, generational differences, and the influence of Spanish.

Racial Variations in Ethnic Identity among the Children of Immigrants in Canada

Using data from the Ethnic Diversity Survey, we study the impact of parental human capital, family socialization, co-ethnic friendship, and experience of discrimination on ethnic identity formation among the children of immigrants from diverse ethnic backgrounds. In addition, we examine the extent to which these factors account for racial variations in ethnic identity attainment. The results show that racial minority children of immigrants are more likely to attain ethnic identity than their white counterparts. We also find racial variation is explained by parental human capital, family socialization, co-ethnic friendship, and past experience of discrimination. We discuss implications of our findings for Canada’s multiculturalism policy, which promotes the formation and maintenance of ethnic identity. Dans cette étude, nous utilisons les données de l’Enquête sur la diversité ethnique pour examiner l’impact du capital humain des parents, la socialisation familiale, les rapports entre amis de différentes ethnies, et l’expérience de la discrimination sur la formation de l’identité ethnique des enfants d’immigrants de diverses origines ethniques. Nous cherchons aussi à voir si ces facteurs expliquent les variations raciales dans la construction de l’identité ethnique. Les résultats montrent que les enfants d’immigrants de minorité raciale sont plus susceptibles de se forger une identité ethnique que leurs homologues blancs. De plus, les quatre facteurs expliquent la variation raciale. Nous discutons des implications de nos résultats pour la politique canadienne du multiculturalisme.

Food Practices and Transnational Identities

Food has long been understood as a potent marker of cultural identity. In the context of transnational migrant communities, food practices express group and individual identities as well as multiple social positionings within the current environment. At the same time, food practices are part of navigating between local and global attachments. This article examines how food practices in two Punjabi-Canadian families are implicated in identity constructions in the context of transnational migration. In particular, we challenge notions of dietary acculturation, and resistance to acculturation as a form of ethnic identity maintenance, instead exploring how food practices may reflect simultaneous, ongoing attachments to multiple national identities. Participants' food practices reproduced, challenged and reinvented cultural norms, particularly in gender roles concerning food preparation, and the consumption of Punjabi food. Their food practices were products of, as well as tools for the production of, transnational migrant identities.

Language Maintenanceand The Preservation of Ethnic Identity: A Case of Malay Muslims in Southern Thailand

Language is known to have an effect on ethnic identity.For cultural groups who hold knowledge of ethnic language as a core value, language shift can lead to a loss of ethnic identity, cultural fragmentation and “non-authentic” expressions of ethnicity Thelanguage has played and is still playing a symbolic role in the evolution and maintenance of ethnic identity within the Malay Muslim community in southern Thailand. Itis significant to know how the Malay language was used as a symbol to create and sustain the Malay identity on the ways in which Malay Muslims today understand ethnic identity, and how ethnic language fits into their own ethnic self-identifications.This paper attempts to answer the question why Malay language constitutes a vital element in the maintenance of Malay ethnic identity among the Malays of southern Thailand.Two facts have been identified regarding the language and ethnicity link among Malay Muslims. First, Malay language is seen as a relevant ethno-cultural marker and its usage is limited within family, relatives and close friends. Second, Malay language is preserved along with Thai language, making many Malay Muslims bilingual, which is quite typical in the southern border provinces of Thailand.