Main Communication Vehicle Research Articles

History and Types of Script in Ancient Indian Civilization

Scripts and language were essential tools for expressing one's thoughts and feelings in ancient civilization, and they will be useful in acquiring a better understanding of that civilization. When we talk about scripts, we're talking about a certain way of writing or the textual medium of human communication that is utilized to communicate information. In the history of the world, script has been used to create some of the most important pieces of writing ever written, including some of the most important works of literature ever written. The most important, as well as the most fundamental, aspects of the human condition and of life have been portrayed via the medium of script. An optimum environment for language development is created by the combination of script and language, as well as a solid vocabulary and grammar. They provide a link between people of diverse cultural backgrounds. Despite the presence of various scripts in ancient India, there is a need for extensive investigation into several concerns and questions concerning their intra and inter-relationships. A combination of research methods including formative, observation, open-ended and qualitative methods have been used with a predominance of historical methods. As the main vehicle of communication, the history of script in ancient India has ignited many minds and there have been many works in this regard which merits a review.

Serviços bancários online: análise e avaliação por parte dos clientes bancários angolanos

Electronic banking constitutes one of the main vehicle of communication with clients, promoting a greater efficiency and speed in a large set of operations. This study analyzes a total of 395 responses from a survey of bank customers. A descriptive analysis of the results was performed and the Factor Analysis Main Components Analysis was subsequently used to identify two factors responsible for 68,35% of the total variance explained in factor analysis: the importance of using the Internet and its access and ease of using of digital media. The main aim of this paper is to contribute with suggestions to encourage the use of remote channels, so that the Internet Banking service is the preferred channel of communication between banks and customers, to the detriment of their physical presence at the branches. The results evidence that banks should make a greater promotion of the use of Internet Banking, as there is a receptive market for that.

Rompimento de barragens na literatura científica internacional: Uma análise bibliométrica

O rompimento de barragens é um tema que recentemente ganhou destaque na mídia, sobretudo, devido a grandes desastres envolvendo perdas de vidas humanas. Uma análise bibliométrica do tema é oportuna para que se possa sistematizar estudos com embasamento científico para subsidiar medidas de segurança e prevesão deste tipo de acidente. Neste sentido, este trabalho analisou a produção científica internacional sobre rompimento de barragens através de uma abordagem quantitativa que objetivou mensurar a dinâmica bibliométrica do tema no período compreendido entre os anos de 1945 e início de 2021. Foi feita uma pesquisa na coleção principal da base de dados interdisciplinar Web of Science considerando-se como principais critérios o recorte temporal supracitado e a ocorrência da palavra-chave “Dam Break” no título das publicações. Pesquisou-se apenas pela modalidade artigo, publicado na língua inglesa. Os metadados da pesquisa foram baixados no formato de planilha do Excel e foram aplicadas estatísticas descritivas para classificar e quantificar as informações. Os resultados mostram que a ocorrência do tema na literatura internacional só se verifica a partir do ano de 1980, tendo como principal veículo de comunicação o Journal of Hydraulic Research, e o principal país de origem, a China. O total de publicações encontradas foi de 306 artigos, sendo 44 considerados de maior impacto na literatura científica, de acordo com o H-index. Conclui-se que o tema pesquisado vem crescendo em importância nos últimos anos com o aumento do número de publicações, principalmente nas áreas de Recursos Hídricos e Engenharia Civil, a partir do ano de 2006.

"La España marítima" (1838-1841). Noticia sobra la primera revista española de marina

Periodicals are the main communication vehicle of scientific and professional communities. The process of specialization of scientific periodicals took place throughout the nineteenth century, although in Spain its consolidation did not occur until the twentieth century, due to the precarious scientific institutionalization the country suffered as a consequence of the political instability. Nevertheless, numerous specialized journals were edited during this difficult period, fact that is explained by the short life spans of most of these publications. The study of these journals has proved to be an effective means of tracking the diffusion of new ideas, hence their importance for the history of science and technology and the unquestionable interest of historical researchers in examining these printed sources. This article studies the first marine magazine, La Espana Maritima, published in Madrid, between 1838 and 1841, from the thorough analysis of the unique complete collection preserved, located in a private library. The study also allows to discuss the scientific relevance of this first journal as well as its effectiveness as a means of spreading scientific knowledge.

Protestantismo na fronteira operária brasileira: a solidariedade fiel na relação com o operariado brasileiro - 1963

Este artigo visa apresentar um missionário estadunidense que trabalhara na década de 1940 nos EUA com operários mineiros de carvão mineral, bem como com suas famílias. Esse missionário, Richard Charles Smith, também trabalhou nesse mesmo perfil no Brasil no início da década de 1960. Embora membro da PCUSA, no Brasil trabalhara junto com a Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil (IPB) na região carbonífera de Santa Catarina (1960-1963) e posteriormente por um ano e meio na cidade de São Paulo. Defendemos a tese de que a teologia de Richard C. Smith, intitulada Solidariedade Fiel, é filha direta do Evangelho Social estadunidense, e que ao se deparar com a realidade brasileira, percebeu um problema já percebido em outros contextos de industrialização do mundo: um distanciamento e uma desconfiança dos protestantismos históricos em relação ao operário comum, suas famílias e seus dilemas. No Brasil, Smith bradou esses alertas no principal veículo de comunicação da IPB: o jornal Brasil Presbiteriano. O título do artigo: A Igreja na fronteira operária, e um dos subtemas ligados ao contexto brasileiro especificamente: Províncias abandonadas do protestantismo. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma análise desses alertas de Richard C. Smith à IPB e ao mundo protestante brasileiro, sobretudo em relação ao seu distanciamento da classe trabalhadora, e a percepção consciente dessa classe diante desse abandono.

Sustainability Reporting

Environmental, social and economic disasters became sustainability a central topic in global agenda during the twentieth century. It generates more society's awareness regarding environmental problems and companies concerns on the topic, causing the inclusion of sustainability issues as one of the priorities in their strategic plans. Organizations' components of sustainability have been created with different focus and priorities, it originated significant differences in how organizations approach sustainability in terms of objectives, policies and initiatives chosen (EIRIS, 2012). Sustainable reports publications have been the main communication vehicle of organization approaches. This study aims, through an exploratory approach, to understand sustainability metrics adopted in organizational environment and to analyze how the top ten Brazilian and Portuguese companies – listed on the BOVESPA and EURONEXT Lisbon – internalize sustainability practices and utilize their sustainability reports as a marketing tool.

Produção dos bolsistas de produtividade em Educação Física no triênio 2010-2012: os “Top 30” periódicos com maior número de publicações

Researchers receiving grant from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) are a reference group in Brazilian academia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the 30 journals with the highest number of publications of researchers in the Physical Education area who received grants in the 2010-2012 triennium. From this analysis, the relevance of journals in the Physical Education area was also evaluated. For the accounting of publications, the scriptLattes v8.07 software was used. The 88 researchers in Physical Education area published 2600 papers in 530 different journals in the 2010-2012 triennium. It was found that among the 30 journals with the highest number of publication, 19 are published in Brazil; from “Top 10”, eight journals are published in Brazil. Concerning journals that have publications of researchers who have received grants of all categories/levels, of the 11 journals that meet this requirement, seven are published in Brazil. It was concluded that, however Brazilian journals are minority in the upper stratum of Webqualis in the Physical Education area, they still stand as the main communication vehicle of elite researcher in the area.

Produção dos bolsistas de produtividade em Educação Física no triênio 2010-2012: os “Top 30” periódicos com maior número de publicações

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p731 Researchers receiving grant from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) are a reference group in Brazilian academia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the 30 journals with the highest number of publications of researchers in the Physical Education area who received grants in the 2010-2012 triennium. From this analysis, the relevance of journals in the Physical Education area was also evaluated. For the accounting of publications, the scriptLattes v8.07 software was used. The 88 researchers in Physical Education area published 2600 papers in 530 different journals in the 2010-2012 triennium. It was found that among the 30 journals with the highest number of publication, 19 are published in Brazil; from “Top 10”, eight journals are published in Brazil. Concerning journals that have publications of researchers who have received grants of all categories/levels, of the 11 journals that meet this requirement, seven are published in Brazil. It was concluded that, however Brazilian journals are minority in the upper stratum of Webqualis in the Physical Education area, they still stand as the main communication vehicle of elite researcher in the area.

Las cartas, fuentes de conocimiento para la investigación sobre bibliotecas, libros y lectura

Letters are one of the main sources of information for researchers on old books, especially from the 18th century, when correspondence was the main vehicle of communication in the Europe of the Enlightenment. From them we can rebuild the world’s libraries, the circulation of books and ideas, and the world of reading from a more personal perspective. Through some examples, one can explore the possibilities that epistolary relationships offer future researchers on the history of the book.

English as a Lingua Franca in Public Health Care Services The Spanish Challenge

Throughout the last few decades, English has become the lingua franca for professionals in many fields. However, within the framework of health services in Spain, English does not seem to work as the main vehicle of communication among providers and users. Therefore, the goal of this study is to shed light into how and why certain categorization of languages frequently emerge and circulate in public health institutions. In this sense, our method is based on ethnographic fieldwork and includes 10 interviews with key members of one Health Care Unit for women. Our results seem to corroborate that medical discourses work at institutional, professional, and moral levels and that the way the Institution supports or prioritizes English, in particular, unfolds certain linguistic hierarchies underlying governmental policies as it is made more accessible and considered “better” by medical professionals and staff.

Interpreting Conflict: Training Challenges in Humanitarian Field Interpreting

When communication breaks down, conflict ensues. Resolving conflicts successfully relies heavily on re-establishing communication. Almost all conflicts involve parties who do not speak the same language or share the same culture. Language is the main vehicle of communication under such difficult circumstances, and yet there are few professional interpreters in the field to mediate between languages and cultures. This policy and practice note outlines a novel approach to training humanitarian interpreters in the field through the use of new technologies and an innovative pedagogical design developed by the Centre for Interpreting in Conflict Zones (InZone). It concludes by sketching a sustainable training model that leverages innovative pedagogy and new technologies for building interpreting capacity in the field.

Micro-Habitat Influence on the Advertisement Call Structure and Sound Propagation Efficiency ofHypsiboas crepitans(Anura: Hylidae)

Abstract Acoustic signals are the main communication vehicle for most anuran species, and males typically use advertisement calls to attract females and to interact with other males in a chorus. The role of the environment in the evolution of the advertisement call is still largely unknown, and the recognition of different selective pressures may improve our understanding of anuran communication system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of micro-habitat at calling sites on advertisement call structure and propagation in a population of the treefrog Hypsiboas crepitans. Males of this species typically call from elevated sites in vegetation or from sites where their body is partially submerged in water. Our analysis of call parameters of males calling from these sites showed that both dominant frequency and pulse rate were significantly lower when males called partially submerged in water compared to males calling from elevated sites in vegetation. Both pulse rate and dominant frequency ha...

Learner differences and learning outcomes in an introductory biochemistry class: Attitude toward images, visual cognitive skills, and learning approach

The practice of using images in teaching is widespread, and in science education images are used so extensively that some have argued they are now the "main vehicle of communication" (C. Ferreira, A. Arroio Problems Educ. 21st Century 2009, 16, 48-53). Although this phenomenon is especially notable in the field of biochemistry, we know little about the role and importance of images in communicating concepts to students in the classroom. This study reports the development of a scale to assess students' attitude toward biochemical images, particularly their willingness and ability to use the images to support their learning. In addition, because it is argued that images are central in the communication of biochemical concepts, we investigated three "learner differences" which might impact learning outcomes in this kind of classroom environment: attitude toward images, visual cognitive skills, and learning approach. Overall, the students reported a positive attitude toward the images, the majority agreeing that they liked images and considered them useful. However, the participants also reported that verbal explanations were more important than images in helping them to understand the concepts. In keeping with this we found that there was no relationship between learning outcomes and the students' self-reported attitude toward images or visual cognitive skills. In contrast, learning outcomes were significantly correlated with the students' self-reported approach to learning. These findings suggest that images are not necessarily the main vehicle of communication in a biochemistry classroom and that verbal explanations and encouragement of a deep learning approach are important considerations in improving our pedagogical approach.

Faut-il privilégier l’emploi de la langue maternelle chez les adeptes de la traduction ?

Kasperska Iwona, Faut-il privilegier l'emploi de la langue maternelle chez les adeptes de la traduction ? (Is is necessary for translation didactics to let students use their mother tongue?), Studia Romanica Posnaniensia, Adam Mickiewicz University Press, Poznan, vol. XXXVIII/2: 2011, pp. 87-98. ISBN 978-83-232-2335-1. ISSN 0137-2475. DOI 10.2478/v10123-011-0016-8. The paper describes two main methods of teaching text translation, applied in courses of literary and specialized texts translation for a general public, and in a specialized course of translation for MA advan- ced students. In both methods the use of Polish language as a mother tongue is considered legitimate not only as a language of translation but also as a main vehicle of communication in the process of acquiring translation skills. This role of the mother tongue is extremely important in defi ning the translation brief and in the evaluation of target texts. The article provides several examples in order to illustrate and justify this thesis.

Julia A. J. Foote (1823-1901)

The last twenty-five years have seen an exciting increase in scholarship examining writings of nineteenth-century black women evangelists such as Julia A. J. Foote, Rebecca Cox Jackson, Maria Stewart, Amanda Smith, Jarena Lee, and Zilpha Elaw. Much work remains to be done, however, to explore how these autobiographers spoke against the institution of slavery using a framework of faith. The challenge of this scholarship is threefold: first, many of these women wrote only one or two texts because their main vehicle of communication the sermon; second, in their writings they often include sparse biographical information, as they were more focused on conveying the stories of their spiritual lives; and finally, it is difficult, if not impossible, to find additional information about their lives. We are thus tested to reexamine our scholarly notions of a body of work: How are we to understand this particular genre of religious stories as autobiography within the larger conversation about the institution of slavery? How might we explore the lives of these authors when their work seems to be the only remaining evidence? More specific, these texts require us to read within a community of nineteenth-century black religious texts. Foote's ministry embedded in a community that corroborated the impact of her ministry. Although focused on the spiritual condition of her fellow African Americans, Foote's work and her autobiography, A Brand Plucked From the Fire: An Autobiographical Sketch, were never insulated from institutions of oppression. Foote acknowledged, mourned, and lashed out against the racial, gender, and class oppression she and her black sisters suffered. Moreover, vital information, previously undocumented, about the final years of Foote's life is available to us through the autobiographies of ministers with whom she worked and traveled. Bishop Alexander Walters's autobiography, a church catechism authored by Cicero R. Harris, and an anthology by William Davenport each provide clarifying details regarding Foote's work within the church, her ordination date, the second half of her ministry, and her date of death. Julia A. J. Foote born in 1823, the daughter of former slaves living in Schenectady, New York; she their fourth child, although not their last. (1) Foote's only formal education took place when she worked as a domestic servant for the Prime family. She lived with the Primes for less than two years and then returned home at age twelve to care for younger siblings so her mother could work outside the home. Soon after she left the Primes in 1835, her family moved twenty miles southeast to Albany. They joined an African Methodist Episcopal (AME) congregation, and for the first time, Foote later wrote, able to understand, with any degree of intelligence, what religion was (177). (2) Foote experienced conversion to Christianity at the age of fifteen and consequently irresistibly drawn to read scripture at all hours of the night and day (180, 182). She remembered longing to understand how her faith could touch her everyday life, calm her temper, and soothe her fears. The answers she seeking were finally offered by an older couple in the church preaching about the doctrine of Holiness. (3) (The Holiness Movement of the late nineteenth century preached that through a second experience of God one could attain a fulfilling life by seeking to be sinless.) After much private prayer, Foote believed she received a visit from God and would later identify that moment as the starting point of the process of sanctification and Holiness (186). She explained, I returned home, though not yet satisfied. I remained in this condition more than a week, going many times to my secret place of prayer, which behind the chimney in the garret of our house.... [W]hile waiting on the Lord, my large desire granted, through faith in my precious Saviour. …

Information modeling: The process and the required competencies of its participants

In recent literature it is commonly agreed that the first phase of the software development process is still an area of concern. Furthermore, while software technology has been changed and improved rapidly, the way of working and managing this process have remained behind. In this paper focus is on the process of information modeling, its quality and the required competencies of its participants (domain experts and system analysts). The competencies are discussed and motivated assuming natural language is the main communication vehicle between domain expert and system analyst. As a result, these competencies provide the clue for the effectiveness of the associated process of information modeling.

Inflation Forecast Targeting: A Monetary Policy Strategy without Shortcomings?

Abstract This paper provides a critical discussion of the benefits and shortcomings of the concept of inflation forecast targeting (IFT) which is becoming the dominating monetary policy strategy in theory and practice. The paper contains an analysis of the more practical and institutional aspects arising when following an inflation forecast targeting regime as well as a discussion of the theoretical reasoning behind it. The setting of an inflation target itself is a useful instrument to increase accountability. That is because the public can make judgements on how successful monetary policy has been. The concept of IFT also ensures that monetary policy is forward-looking. Nevertheless, this paper will argue that the theoretical reasoning behind IFT has limitations. The assumed monetary transmission process is too one-sided and the role of money is not incorporated adequately. Inflation forecast targeting does not necessarily ease the business of communication by focusing on inflation forecasts as the main communication vehicle. On the contrary, there are substantial difficulties in explaining the implications of conditional or unconditional forecasts. Forecasts as complementing devices are surely useful and important in monetary policy making. The discussion of transparency and credibility within an IFT regime neglects the fact that in the long term credibility relies on the degree of price stability achieved and not the publication of minutes.

Teaching Culture through Language: Suggestions for the Italian Language Class

One of the major difficulties experienced by language teachers, especially at the beginner's level, is that of introducing the subject to the students as a discipline that requires a new approach on their part. Students, in fact, often regard the study of a foreign language as a relatively easy subject that does not require serious thinking or deep understanding but merely memorization and translation into one's own language; they rarely consider the that lies beneath the target language. The students' attitude may then result in memorizing words, phrases, and rules, all the while comparing them to a context-their own-which does not correspond to the one in which those words, phrases, and rules were forged. This approach is particularly common at the college level, where students often identify their language requirement as the easiest or the most relaxing of their classes.1 To these psychological problems, of course, one can add the practical difficulty of presenting new and complex material at the fast pace required during the academic year. These pragmatic needs frequently run counter to the goals of familiarizing the students with the aspects embodied in the language and, ultimately, of stimulating them to pursue the study of the expressed in and by that language.2 I should immediately mention that although the study of the language of a usually precedes the study of its literature, art, and history, this in no way changes a fundamental truth: that the study of language itself is (Freddi 1987, 46). As Wierzbicka notes, language, besides being part of culture, reflects as well (1986, 368n1).3 The word culture today is certainly not confined within the boundaries of the liberal arts; rather, it embraces everything not biologically foreseeable and predetermined, following Levi-Strauss's well-known distinction between nature and (for an application of this distinction within an Italian context see Freddi 1987, 45-46, and De Mauro 1987, 5-11). We accept, in sum, the anthropological definition of cultural relativity, which does not discriminate among different cultures or among different manifestations within the same culture.4 Since it is the main vehicle of communication