Main Reason For Increase Research Articles

Antibiotics Consumption and Antibiotic Resistance during and Post Covid-19: Impact on Global Health

In the modern healthcare environment, the growth in multidrug-resistant pathogen prevalence has been associated with the increasing use of broad-spectrum antibiotics globally. We carried out a study to look at the trends and procedures related to antibiotic prescriptions in order to assess antibiotic use in its entirety. The overuse of antibiotics in the treatment of COVID-19 is a specific cause for focus as it raises concerns about the possible emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The study verifies a significant pattern in which COVID-19 patients received antibiotic prescriptions regardless of their reported severity, indicating a severe deficiency in clinical examination, the prescribing of antibiotics without a prescription is analyzed in perspective with changing healthcare practices including the increasing use of telemedicine. The concerns about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance while addressing the growing problem of unnecessary antibiotic use in the treatment of COVID-19. The concerns related to COVID-19 and the lack of treatment strategy led to the overuse of antibiotics without proper clinical treatment can be identified as main reason for increase in Antibiotics Consumption and Antibiotic Resistance.

Multi Disease Detection Using Deep Learning

Abstract: Chronic diseases are the main reason for increase in mortality rate. Heart disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke, and arthritis all are chronic diseases. NCDs have a more mortality rate than other diseases. Each year, approximately 5.8 million Indians die from NCDs; globally, 41 million die from chronic diseases. Investment and prevention are two important needs for chronic diseases. It is important to discover the solution for chronic diseases. The management of these types of illnesses includes early detection, patient care, and related services. Because of the explosion of medical data, data management will become a difficult challenge. Deep learning [9] is important in big data fields such as the medical industry. Deep learning is a advancement of machine learning that is capable of performing different tasks. Chronic diseases are diagnosed using different technologies, and that is why deep learning is used to provide the best treatment to patients, resulting in a low mortality rate.

Novel bake hardening mechanism for bainite-strengthened complex phase steel

• Yield strength of materials can be greatly improved after pre-strain and baking. • Dislocation as fast channels for carbon diffusion promotes cementite formation. • Carbon clusters gathered at the dislocations act as precursors of cementite. • Cementite precipitation is main reason for increase in strength of bainite steel. In the automobile industry, stamping and paint baking processes are used to strengthen components, and this not only saves costs, but also further reduces the bodyweight of automobiles. In this work, the bake hardening mechanism of the complex phase (CP) steel CP980 was explored by comparing it with that of DP1180, which has a clear bake hardening mechanism and a carbon content similar to that of CP980. By analyzing the bake hardening response and the microstructural changes of the two steels, we found that the bake hardening process of CP980 was divided into three stages. In the first two stages, the carbon atoms diffused into dislocations to form Cottrell atmosphere pinning dislocations, and excess carbon atoms formed carbon clusters or low-temperature carbide pinning dislocations that were similar to DP1180. In the third stage, the dislocation acted as rapid channels for carbon diffusion, and fine cementite gradually formed when the carbon clusters gathered at the dislocations as precursors, resulting in precipitation hardening. This novel bake-hardening (BH) mechanism is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the strain-baking behavior of advanced high-strength steals (AHSS).

A COVID–19-járvány első két hullámának hatása a rendészeti hallgatók alkohol és koffeinfogyasztására, valamint dohányzási szokásaira

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the first two waves of the COVID–19 epidemic and the introduced epidemiological measures and the changes in alcohol and caffeine consumption and smoking habits among Hungarian law enforcement students.Methodology: Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among law enforcement students (N=556) at the University of Public Service Faculty of Law Enforcement (UPS FLE). The study sample (N=180) was 57.2% male (n=103) and 42.8% female (n=77).Findings: The results show that during the first wave of the pandemic, 9% of law enforcement students, who consumed alcohol, 25% of occas ional and regular smokers and 13.5% of caffeinated drinkers increased their consumption. There was no significant difference between male and female in the consumption of any of these drugs (palcohol=0.452471; psmoking=0.532113; pcaffeine=0.059011; p>0.05). However, among occasional and regular alcohol users and smokers, there was a significant association between changes in the level of substance use and existing patterns of consumption. Regular drinkers were 5.7 times more likely to increase their consumption during the pandemic than occasional drinkers (25.0 vs. 4.4%). Daily smokers also showed a nearly two-fold increase in substance use compared to occasional smokers (30.8% vs. 16.7%). Our results suggest that the main reason for increase in alcohol consumption among law enforcement students were primarily due t o the increased unstructured leisure time ( =3.12; SD=1.454), the required law enforcement duty ( =2.81; SD=1.515), and the increased anxiety caused by lockdowns ( =2.75; SD=1,437). Furthermore, required law enforcement duty may also have played a role in the increase in smoking ( =3.81; SD=1.601) and caffeine consumption ( =3.86; SD=1.632). However, the reduction in social interactions may play a crucial role in the decrease of use of all three psychoactive substances.Value: One of the most striking consequences of the first wave of the COVID–19 epidemic among young adults was the introduction of online education in universities worldwide. University students, including law enforcement students, have faced many challenges. These influenced alcohol and caffeine consumption and smoking in different ways.

Enhancing Efficiency of Anaerobic Digestion by Optimization of Mixing Regimes Using Helical Ribbon Impeller

The appropriate mixing system and approach to effective management can provide favorable conditions for the highly sensitive microbial community, which can ensure process stability and efficiency in an anaerobic digester. In this study, the effect of mixing intensity on biogas production in a lab-scale anaerobic digester has been investigated experimentally and via modeling. Considering high mixing efficiency and unique feature of producing axial flow, helical ribbon (HR) impeller is used for mixing the slurry in this experiment under various conditions. Three parallel digesters were analyzed under identical operating conditions for comparative study and high accuracy. Effects of different mixing speeds (10, 30, and 67 rpm for 5 min h−1) on biogas production rate were determined in 5-L lab-scale digesters. The results demonstrated 15–18% higher biogas production at higher mixing speed (67 rpm) as compared to 10 rpm and 30 rpm and the results proved statistically significant (p < 0.05). Biogas production at 10, 30, and 67 rpm were 45.6, 48.6, and 52.5 L, respectively. Higher VFA concentrations (7.67 g L−1) were recorded at lower mixing intensity but there was no significant difference in pH and ammonia at different speeds whereas the better mixing efficiency at higher speeds was also the main reason for increase in biogas production. Furthermore, model simulation calculations revealed the reduction of dead zones and better homogeneous mixing at higher mixing speeds. Reduction of dead zones from 18% at 10 rpm to 2% at 67 rpm was observed, which can be the major factor in significant difference in biogas production rates at various mixing intensities. Optimization of digester and impeller geometry should be a prime focus to scale-up digesters and to optimize mixing in full-scale digesters.

Reduction of Particulate Matter on Road using Dust Accumulator

Increasing air pollution is always matter of problem for entire world, especially for Asian Countries because of the population and developing industries in the countries. This is the main reason for increase in AQI (Air Quality Index) of various regions of India. AQI reflects, how polluted the air in current situation is? AQI implies amount of pollutants that are present in air. Pollutants are PM10, PM2.5, SO2, O3, NO2, CO where SO2, O3, NO2 & CO are the pollutants which are mostly affected by the chemical activities by industries where as PM10 and PM2.5 are the particulate matters of size 10 micron and 2.5 micron respectively. These two are responsible for respiratory diseases like asthma and lung diseases. Hence it is utmost necessary to reduce these particulate matters from the road, which will help in reducing AQI of the environment. There are many devices available in the market to reduce these pollutants which work to achieve the aim. An attempt is made in this research to reduce the pollutants from the air which is installed on the vehicle with the system, which collects the particulate matter very efficiently. Here in this paper a pilot scale equipment is manufactured which helps individual vehicle to contribute in reducing AQI and also it will be flexible and economical solution to absorb dual emissions.

ADOPTATION STATUS OF TECHNOLOGY IN MANDARIN ORANGE PRODUCTION IN JAJARKOT DISTRICT, NEPAL

To know the level of adoption of different technologies in mandarin orange, survey was conducted on April 2019 in Jajarkot district. Survey was done with 70 farmers of Nalgad municipality, Bheri municipality and Kushe rural municipal. Focus group discussion and Key Informant Survey was done with progressive farmers and JTs. The study revealed that majority of high adopters are male (66.10%) and had education level of primary and secondary. Farmers with highest number of bearing trees had highest rate of adaptation. Overall increase in adaptation over two years was 29.55%. Most adapted technology was use of bordopaste (84%) and least adopted technology was sprinkler irrigation. Main reason for increase in adoption was subsidy. There was increase in production by 52% due to increase in adoption level. Major constraint for adoption was poor access to market followed by less technical knowhow. So, it is recommended to provide appropriate market for farmers to improve the adaptation level in mandarin orange production.

VMS Mean and FFD VM Allocation Algorithm for Cloud Datacenter

The datacenter power consumption is increasing speedily, because of the scalable and dynamic provisioning of resources to the remote consumers. Not efficiently utilizing the resource of host machine is the main reason for increase in power consumption. By efficiently placing the number of virtual machine in fewer active host and shutdown the inactive host could reduce the consumption of power in datacenter. In this paper VMs Mean and FFD Bin Packing Virtual Machine Placement Algorithm is proposed.FFD preprocess VM’s and Host’s by sorting all the VM’s by MIPS and Host’s by their power. To place the VM’s in host machine VMs Mean method is used which finds the lowest CPU utilizing VM. The main objective is to increase the host machine utilization by efficiently placing the VM’s into few active Host’s and also reduced the power consumption. To test this algorithm CloudSim Toolkit is been used. The parameter such as EC, SLAV, PDM, ESV, VM migration and SLATAH is used as a metric to evaluate the Algorithm efficiency.

China's food security challenge: Effects of food habit changes on requirements for arable land and water

Ensuring adequate supply of food is the most important challenge facing China. With the dramatic change in food habits over the past few decades, the demand for arable land and irrigation water has also changed, undoubtedly increasing the uncertainty of ensuring China's food security. This study quantifies how China's food habits have influenced the requirements for arable land and water between 1981 and 2016 using data collected from multiple sources and projects the amount of arable land and irrigation water needed to ensure national food security. The results show that changes in food habit have led to increased demand for arable land and irrigation water during the past 30 years. In 1981, 124 million ha of arable land and 159 billion m³of irrigation water were needed for food consumption; however, these values increased to 137 million ha and 184 billion m³, respectively in 2016. Moreover, changes in food habit have exceeded the level of agricultural technology, becoming the main reason for increase in per capita demand of arable land and water after 1996. Under the current food habits, the demand for arable land and irrigation water will increase by 14% and 13%, respectively when the expected population peak occurs (in 2032), compared to those of 2016. However, if the food habits recommended by China's nutritionists are followed in the future, more arable land and irrigation water will be needed to meet China's demand compared to the current diet patterns. This study also proposes some measures to ensure China's food security based on the presented findings.

Complex analysis of energy efficiency in operated high-rise residential building: Case study

Energy conservation and human thermal comfort enhancement in buildings is a topical issue of modern architecture and construction. The innovative solution of this problem makes it possible to enhance building ecological and maintenance safety, to reduce hydrocarbon fuel consumption, and to improve life standard of people. The requirements to increase of energy efficiency in buildings should be provided at all the stages of building's life cycle that is at the stage of design, construction and maintenance of buildings. The research purpose is complex analysis of energy efficiency in operated high-rise residential building. Many actions for building energy efficiency are realized according to the project; mainly it is the effective building envelope and engineering systems. Based on results of measurements the energy indicators of the building during annual period have been calculated. The main reason of increase in heat losses consists in the raised infiltration of external air in the building through a building envelope owing to the increased air permeability of windows and balcony doors (construction defects). Thermorenovation of the building based on ventilating and infiltration heat losses reduction through a building envelope allows reducing annual energy consumption. Energy efficiency assessment based on the total annual energy consumption of building, including energy indices for heating and a ventilation, hot water supply and electricity supply, in comparison with heating is more complete. The account of various components in building energy balance completely corresponds to modern direction of researches on energy conservation and thermal comfort enhancement in buildings.

Influence of CO2 Exposure on High-Pressure Methane and CO2 Adsorption on Various Rank Coals: Implications for CO2 Sequestration in Coal Seams

There exist complex interactions between coal and CO2 during the process of CO2 sequestration in coal seams with enhanced coalbed methane recovery (CO2-ECBM). This work concentrated on the influence of CO2 exposure on high-pressure methane and CO2 (up to 10 MPa) adsorption behavior of three types of bituminous coal and one type of anthracite. The possible mechanism of the dependence of CO2 exposure on adsorption performance of coal was also provided. The results indicate that the maximum methane adsorption capacities of various rank coals after CO2 exposure increase by 3.45%–10.37%. However, the maximum CO2 adsorption capacities of various rank coals decrease by 9.99%–23.93%. TG and pore structure analyses do not observe the obvious changes on the inorganic component and pore morphology of the coals after CO2 exposure. In contrast, CO2 exposure makes changes in surface chemistry of the coals, according to the results from FTIR analysis, which is the main reason for increases in the maximum adsorption capa...

A study on the efficacy of the Public Distribution System in India with special emphasis to the functioning of agricultural warehousing agencies

The study analyses the effectiveness of the public distribution system in India with special emphasis to the functioning of public sector agricultural warehousing agencies such as Food Corporation of India (FCI) and Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC), engaged in the procurement, transportation, storage and distribution of food grains. The data for the period of 2007-08 to 2011-12 has been collected from secondary sources and has been interpreted. The study shows that the current procurement trends of food grains would not sufficient to meet the allocation and the future requirements in the twelfth plan period. The per capita net availability of rice and wheat declined marginally, while the total availability of cereals and other pulses increased significantly. The total cost of food subsidies contributed about 5 % of agricultural GDP during the last 5 years. The main reason for increase in economic cost of food grains is the higher procurement prices which also lead to rising food subsidies. Instead of open-ended procurement policy in India, a need-based procurement system has to be implemented. I. Introduction: India has seen tremendous progress in agricultural produce as it has quadrupled its food grain production since independence. Indias food grain production has mounted over 250 million tons in 2011-2012 from a mere 120 million tons in 1980. Rice and wheat accounts for over 75% of all food grain output. These staples are vital for household food security and constitute a major source of calories especially for over 300 million deprived populations in the country. (Rehman et al., 2012). Given that about two-third of Indian population make their income from agriculture and an average Indian household spends about 30% of its budget for food grains, the structure and efficiency of Indian food grain marketing is not negligible in Indian economy. Food grain marketing consists of all the activities involved in the movement of food grains from producers to consumers. In order to ensure food security in the nation, Government of India formulated a food grain management strategy focused on procurement of food grains at remunerative prices from the growers; its storage and movement; maintenance of buffer stocks and ensuring availability of food grains to the public at reasonable prices. The overall responsibility for management of food grains given to the Ministry of Consumer Affairs and Ministry of Food and Public Distribution, Govt. of India. The procurement of food grains by Government is primarily intended to provide remunerative prices to farmers, thereby avoiding distress sale of food grains; and to build up a stocks to ensure the supply of subsidized food grains to the needy and poor. The responsibility for distribution of food grains to the beneficiaries vests with the respective State Governments. The Public Distribution System (PDS) is the most important channel through which the Government ensures food security at the micro level. India has a large programme of public distribution, mainly food grains, through a network of Fair Price Shop (FPS), both in rural and urban areas. With more than 460 thousand FPS, its reach in rural areas is sometimes better than the open market. The PDS is the largest food subsidy programme in India, and perhaps in the world. It reaches out to nearly 10.5 crores households in the country and provides food grains at subsidized rates. Despite this, India continues to have one of the worst track records globally, as far as the commitment to tackle hunger and malnutrition is concerned. (Bhat and Hussain; 2012). However, PDS in India was widely criticized for its failure to serve the population below the poverty line, its urban bias, negligible coverage in the states with highest concentration of rural poor and lack of transport and accountability ( Sawant and Jadhav, 2013). In 1997, the Govt. of India launched a revised scheme of distribution known as the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) to benefit the poor and to keep the budgetary food subsidies under control to the desired extent One of the foremost objectives of the TDPS is to insulate the poor form rising market prices for food grains Under TPDS, food grains were distributed as a two-tier delivery system to households below poverty line (BPL) and above poverty line (APL), with each BPL family receiving a set quota of food grains per month at heavily subsidized prices. The TPDS is an important instrument of policy aimed at reducing poverty through the mechanism of delivering desired requirements of food grains at highly subsidized prices to the population below the poverty line. In addition to TPDS, Govt. of India initiated a number of schemes to further support the deprived such as Antyodaya Anna Yojana, Annapurna scheme,

Properties of Anaerobic Activated Sludge in Biohydrogen Production Reactor

For the properties of activated sludge studies, three kinds of activated sludge were obtained from continuous hydrogen production reactor. Activated sludge was got under organic loading rate (OLR) of 3, 7 and 25 kgCOD/m3·d condition, respectively. Sedimentation performance and activities of sludge were investigated. When OLR was 3 kgCOD/m3·d, activated sludge showed good sedimentation performance. After 30 minutes sedimentation, the volume of activated sludge in total mixture volume was about 39%. When OLR was 7 and 25kgCOD/m3·d, after 30 minutes sedimentation, the volume of activated sludge in total mixture volume was 80% and 83%, respectively. The increase of biomass is the main reason for increase of sedimentation performance. MLVSS/MLSS of activated sludge was 37.7% and 79.6% under OLR of 3 and 25kgCOD/m3·d condition, therefore, activities of activated sludge was high under high OLR condition. Since sedimentation performance of sludge is high under high OLR condition, hydraulic retention time should controlled carefully in engineering operation.

Statistics on notification of pneumoconiosis in China in 2010

To describe the reported incidence of pneumoconiosis in China in 2010, and to investigate the reasons for increase in the number of new cases. Descriptive analysis was performed on the new cases of pneumoconiosis reported by the "Monitoring System of Health Hazard Factors" under "China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention" in China in 2010. A total of 23812 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities except Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, as well as Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang, increased by 64.28% compared with the number in 2009. There were 12 564 cases of coal-workers' pneumoconiosis and 9870 cases of silicosis, accounting for 94.21% of all new cases. The cases of silicosis were distributed mainly in Sichuan, Liaoning, and Jiangsu, from which 52.21% of all new silicosis cases were reported; most of the cases were in railway, nonferrous metal, and coal industries, and the majority of them were drillers. The cases of coal-workers' pneumoconiosis were distributed mainly in Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Shanxi, and Beijing; most of the cases were in coal industry, and the majority of them were coal-getters. The main reasons for increase in the number of new cases were as follows: increased numbers of reporting agencies and diagnosis agencies, expanded coverage of occupational health surveillance and occupational insurance, closing down and integration of small coal mines, solution of untreated problems, enhanced legal awareness of employers and employees, and investigation into omission of pneumoconiosis case reporting. Coal-workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis are the most serious occupational diseases in China, and specific measurements for prevention and control should be taken according to the geographic, industrial, and occupational distributions.

Flotation and wettability of a low-rank coal in the presence of surfactants

Several nonionic surfactants and one anionic surfactant were tested to enhance the flotation response of a low-rank coal. The nonionic surfactants included an ethoxylated octyl phenol and several polypropylene-polyethylene block copolymers, and the anionic surfactant was a dioctyl sulfosuccinate. All of the surfactants improved the yield significantly, but the influence on grade was complex. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, separate studies were conducted to determine the emulsification behavior of the surfactants. For the nonionic water soluble reagents, a correlation between the emulsifying power of the surfactant and the flotation response was observed. An increase in the number of droplets produced was considered to be the main reason for increases in the yield. However, a small amount of surfactant adsorption on coal is essential to promote adhesion of oil droplets. When the surfactant was introduced into the flotation pulp prior to addition of dodecane, the benefits of the surfactant decreased significantly. The decrease was attributed to both a decrease in hydrophobicity of coal through increased surfactant adsorption and a decrease in the surfactant available for emulsification. When a surfactant dispersed in oil was used, the transfer of surfactant to the aqueous phase was minimal, and a considerable increase in yield was observed.

Alcohol use in a community-based sample of subjects aged 70 years and older.

The usual alcohol intake in a community-based sample of subjects aged 70 years and over was investigated. A sample of 825 subjects was drawn from the records of five general practices in a rural township and 774 subjects (93.8%) agreed to participate. A stratified sub-sample of subjects from the abstainers, infrequent, weekly, and daily drinkers was subsequently investigated in more detail. Men took alcohol more frequently than women and in greater quantities although frequency and amount decreased with age. The usual place for drinking was the home. The highest use of psychotropic drugs occurred in the abstainers, but this was significant for men only. When compared with drinking patterns in middle age, 60.1% of men and 30.3% of women said that they took less alcohol, while 7.4% of men and 11.1% of women said that they took more. The main reasons for decrease in alcohol intake were change in health and fewer social opportunities. The main reasons for increase in alcohol intake were more money and more time. Drinking was most commonly associated with social activities and few took alcohol to help cope with personal situations.

Main Reasons for Increase in Crime in India in Recent Years

Main Reasons for Increase in Crime in India in Recent Years