Main Motors Research Articles

Design and Motion Planning of a Cable Robot Utilizing Cable Slackness

Abstract Extending the workspace of cable robots can enhance their motion ability and help us make fuller use of their potential. This work designs a novel cable robot and utilizes cable slackness to extend its workspace. First, we use driving cables actuated by main motors and constrained cables driven by auxiliary motors equipped with lockers to control and restrain the motion of the end-effector, respectively. Then we classify the constraints on the end-effector into different modes according to the slackness of different constrained cables whose lengths can be changed by auxiliary motors, and continuous tension distribution (realized by tensioning devices) is applied to switch among them. To expand the mechanism’s workspace, the properties of the constraint mode series are analyzed and the static reachable workspace associated with it is defined, which guarantees the existence of feasible point-to-point trajectories. In particular, tree-based basic and general constraint mode series connection algorithms are designed to connect two targets in the static reachable workspace efficiently considering the necessary condition for the existence of the connection. After that, dual workspaces and subspace-based motion planning algorithms are designed to connect multiple targets in the static reachable workspace of the mechanism, and the quality of the trajectories is improved by using different manipulations of the constraint mode series. Since only driving cables are actuated by real-time capable servo motors and passively constrained cables are adopted to compensate for the weight of the end-effector, the size and the number of actuators and the energy consumption of the robot are reduced. Finally, the performance of the mechanism designed and the motion planning methods proposed are verified numerically under practical modeling errors regarding the cable elongation phenomenon.

EDUKASI PENGEMBANGAN UMKM GUNA MENINGKATKAN PROFITABILITAS MASYARAKAT DESA MARGALUYU

The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has been recognized as one of the main motors of local economic growth in many countries, including at the village level. In a village context, MSMEs are often the backbone of the economy, creating jobs, increasing income, and strengthening social and cultural networks. However, to maximize the potential of MSMEs in increasing village profitability, real efforts are needed in education and skills development for business owners at the local level. The growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has an important role in developing the local economy, especially in rural areas. Villages are often places where a variety of local economic potential resides which can be utilized to improve community welfare. However, MSMEs at the village level often face various challenges, such as limited access to capital, limited managerial skills, and lack of knowledge about markets and technology. Education and skills development are the keys to overcoming these challenges and increasing the profitability of MSMEs in villages. By increasing the capacity of business owners and local economic actors, it is hoped that MSMEs can be more competitive, competitive and able to make a greater contribution to village economic growth.

Paraquat disrupts KIF5A-mediated axonal mitochondrial transport in midbrain neurons and its antagonism by melatonin

Paraquat (PQ) is a broad-spectrum herbicide used worldwide and is a hazardous chemical to human health. Cumulative evidence strengthens the association between PQ exposure and the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanism and effective interventions against PQ-induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, C57BL/6 J mice were treated with PQ (i.p., 10 mg/kg, twice a week) and melatonin (i.g., 20 mg/kg, twice a week) for 8 weeks. Results showed that PQ-induced motor deficits and midbrain dopaminergic neuronal damage in C57BL/6 J mice were protected by melatonin pretreatment. In isolated primary midbrain neurons and SK-N-SH cells, reduction of cell viability, elevation of total ROS levels, axonal mitochondrial transport defects and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by PQ were attenuated by melatonin. After screening of expression of main motors driving axonal mitochondrial transport, data showed that PQ-decreased KIF5A expression in mice midbrain and in SK-N-SH cell was antagonized by melatonin. Using the in vitro KIF5A-overexpression model, it was found that KIF5A overexpression inhibited PQ-caused neurotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in SK-N-SH cells. In addition, application of MTNR1B (MT2) receptor antagonist, 4-P-PDOT, significantly counteracted the protection of melatonin against PQ-induced neurotoxicity. Further, Kif5a-knockdown diminished melatonin-induced alleviation of motor deficits and neuronal damage against PQ in C57BL/6 J mice. The present study establishes a causal link between environmental neurotoxicants exposure and PD etiology and provides effective interventive targets in the pathogenesis of PD.

Miniaturization and Control of an Unmanned Tiltwing Aircraft

The objective of this paper is to describe the miniaturization and control of an unmanned tiltwing aircraft. For geometric miniaturization and mechanical realization, a lightweight design based on carbon fiber tubes, polystyrene rigid foam and 3D-printed parts is used. The attitude controller is adopted from an existing full-scale unmanned tiltwing aircraft and follows the control strategy of Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (INDI). The effects of the miniaturization, including low mass inertia combined with comparatively large aerodynamic surfaces, require a re-evaluation of INDI-based assumptions. Due to the aircraft’s rear-positioned center of gravity, the modeled control ability of the main motors is adapted and explicitly considered in the controller design. The integrity of both, construction and controller, is validated in simulations and flight tests.

Ethyl Formate as a New Sanitary Treatment for Disinfesting the Hitchhiking Insect Pest Halyomorpha halys on Imported Nonfood Agricultural Machinery

With an increase in the international trade of agricultural and non-agricultural products, there is an increase in the possibility of introducing hitchhiking insect pests such as Halyomorpha halys, which has been detected on imported vehicles and agricultural machinery. Although methyl bromide (MB) is provisionally used to control invasive pests, it is classified as a restricted chemical owing to its potential to deplete the ozone layer and pose health risks to humans in cases of inadequate ventilation, as well as concerns regarding consumer safety. Therefore, this study investigated ethyl formate’s (EF’s) efficacy against H. halys and its efficacy and sorption, as an alternative to MB, on main electronic components, including alternators, ignition coils, and motors. Fumigation with 35 and 70 g/m3 EF for 4 h at 15 °C had no damage on the main electronic components as evaluated using various operation tests. In a commercial trial, H. halys infestation was effectively controlled with 35 g/m3 EF fumigated for 4 h at 23 °C using a 30 m3 polyvinyl chloride tarpaulin fumigation chamber. After ventilation, the EF concentration decreased below the safety level within 10 min and reached the zero level within 40 min for worker safety. This novel sanitary treatment using EF fumigation on imported agricultural machinery could be an effective method without causing mechanical damage.

Teman Tani : Solusi Inklusif Layanan Asuransi Mikro Terintegrasi Sektor Pertanian Dalam Mencapai SDG 2030

The agricultural sector is one of the main motors driving the wheels of a country's economy. The development and improvement of the sector is an integral part of the national development goals that have a significant and comprehensive impact. However, the risk of business uncertainty such as crop failure due to natural disasters and pest attacks also poses a threat to business continuity. Thus, the existence of financial instruments such as agricultural insurance is the right solution to minimize economic losses from these risks. Unfortunately, the existing agricultural insurance system is not yet effective enough to provide fast, easy, and inclusive services for farmers. Seeing these problems, the author proposes a policy recommendation, namely Teman Tani, as an improvement to the more integrated Rice Farmer Business Insurance (AUTP) system for the agricultural sector. Under this system, insurance companies will carry out branchless insurance through the OJK's Laku Pandai program which involves agents to expand insurance coverage to farmers. Then, the process of determining the amount of premiums and submitting claims will be made faster and on target through a decentralized data-exchange process that involves collaboration with the DataBott Company's Hara Application. In the process of payment and withdrawal of insurance funds, cooperation with banks and telecommunications companies will be carried out to make it easier for farmers through the mobile banking system. Therefore, the Teman Tani program can protect farmers from the risk of business uncertainty so as to increase productivity and achieve the goal of financial inclusion.

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ ПО УЛУЧШЕНИЮ ТЕПЛОВЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК В ДВУСТОРОННИХ ТОРЦЕШЛИФОВАЛЬНЫХ СТАНКАХ

The results of full-scale and computational experiments to improve the thermal characteristics of the machine tool are presented. This can lead to a decrease or achieve symmetry of the resulting thermal deformations. The implementation of four schemes for the redistribution of heat fluxes is considered: the heat flux of the main electric motors, directed under the protective casing of the drive pulley, and the heat flux of the belt drive are removed through special windows in the casing to the environment; jointly with the first scheme of redistribution of heat fluxes, cooling of the ends of the grinding headstocks is provided with the help of an impeller fixed on each drive pulley; jointly with the second scheme, heat flux isolation from the left and right electric motors is provided; heating the ends of the machine tool bed. The first three schemes are implemented at idling of the machine tool; the fourth scheme is implemented when the machine is operating under thermal load. The joint implementation of three schemes makes it possible to reduce the displacement of the right circle at idle by 1.5 times, the left circle practically did not move. The test of the first three circuits during the operation of the machine tool under a thermal load does not reveal significant changes in the thermal characteristics. The implementation of the fourth heat flux redistribution scheme help to compensate for thermal deformations from heating in the central part of the bed and reduce changes in the angular position of the grinding wheels.

Motor Torque Distribution Strategy for Different Tillage Modes of Agricultural Electric Tractors

Aiming at the existing single-motor agricultural tractors, which often have a mismatch between power and working conditions and a poor operation effect under different tillage modes, this paper designs a torque allocation strategy for agricultural electric tractors under different tillage modes. Firstly, the torque is divided into basic and compensating, and a calculation model is established. Then, the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is used to find the optimal demand torque position, and fuzzy control rules allocate the motor torque in combination with the battery SOC. Finally, the strategy’s effectiveness in different tillage modes is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation and bench test. The test results show that the strategy can distribute the motor torque stably according to the load torque change and pedal opening under three PTO transitions and the plowing and rotary tillage modes. The main and speed control motors respond in about 3 s with good real-time performance. The drive wheel torque can reach 1600 N·m during plowing and rotating operation. The PTO torque can reach 60 N·m during the rotating process. The maximum torque of the output shaft can reach 150 N·m with good plowing performance. During all operations, the SOC of the battery shows a steady linear decrease, and the battery discharge has stability.

Research on Energy Management Strategy of Pure Electric Vacuum Vehicle Based on Fuzzy Control

The current pure electric vacuum vehicle is equipped with main and auxiliary motors, and the two motors work independently without affecting each other. The traditional auxiliary motor usually operates with constant power while the main motor is only responsible for the vehicle driving. The lack of cooperation between the two motors results in high energy consumption. Therefore, formulating a reasonable strategy for the two motors has a significant effect on the performance of the vacuum vehicle. This paper takes a pure electric vacuum vehicle as an example to propose an energy management strategy based on fuzzy control. First, for the working motor, a fuzzy controller is designed by taking the vehicle speed and acceleration as input and motor speed and torque as output. Therefore, the vacuum vehicle can automatically adjust the operating power of the cleaning system according to the real-time road conditions; the driving motor control strategy adopts a closed-loop control strategy that combines driver input and vehicle state parameter feedback based on considering the operating motor. Finally, the effectiveness of the strategy is verified by simulation. The results show that the energy-saving control strategy effectively reduces the power consumption per 100 km and increases the driving range, which is of great significance to the development and design of the vacuum vehicle.

Effect of Ag interlayer on friction torque, mechanical properties and microstructure of large diameter aluminum/steel joints by continuous drive friction welding

The large diameter aluminum/steel continuous driven friction welding component is prone to overload of the main motor due to high friction torque in the welding process. Therefore, multistage friction is used in industrial production to avoid overloading the main motors. However, multistage friction usually increases the heat input in the welding process and leads to the formation of thick and heterogeneous FeAl intermetallic compounds at the welding interface, which degrades the mechanical properties of the joints. Adding an Ag interlayer to the aluminum/steel interface can reduce the friction torque in the welding process, inhibit the interdiffusion of FeAl elements and reduce the thickness of FeAl intermetallic compounds. In this study, Q235 low-carbon steel rods (Diameter of weld end = 120 mm) with/without Ag interlayer and 1060 pure aluminum rods (Diameter of weld end = 90 mm) were welded by continuous drive friction welding. Voltage and Current of Major Motor (VCMM) in the welding process were processed and analyzed. The effects of the Ag interlayer on friction torque, mechanical properties of the post-weld joint and microstructure at the welding interface were analyzed. The research shows that the Ag interlayer can effectively reduce the initial peak torque and joint temperature in the welding process. The mechanical properties and intermetallic compound thickness of the post-weld joint still exhibit heterogeneity along the radial direction. The strength and toughness are significantly improved in the region of 0.5– 0.8R from the center, which is because the Ag2Al and Ag3Al phases with better toughness are formed in this region due to the change of the flow form of the interfacial viscoplastic metal by the Ag interlayer.

Inventing the New Art World: On Art Institutions and Their Audience

Howard S. Becker (2005 [1982]) and Vera L. Zolberg (1990) suggested the advent of new audiences to be one of the main common motors of change in artistic practice, where art institutions play an important role in delivering both aesthetic and educational experiences, but can also be criticized for persistent exclusivity and for how they create a participatory environment.
 The aim of this article is to examine the present-day relationship of art museums and galleries with their audiences while taking into account the role played by the advent of a new sociology of art, museum sociology, and the audience development, with all of them questioning the role of museums as socio-cultural institutions focused on the democratization of culture. By employing empirical research conducted in selected art institutions in the Czech Republic and Poland, I will examine how young visitors view art institutions in light of their recent quest for becoming the inclusive platforms of gaining knowledge about art, which promote and facilitate active participation rather than passive consumption.

Stabilization of the movement speed of the output link of the hydraulic actuators in the volumetric hydraulic drive

In a volumetric hydraulic drive the speed control of the hydraulic actuators output link is provided by changing the working volume of the pump (VOLUMETRIC CONTROL) or by changing of the hydraulic resistance of the lines (THROTTLE CONTROL). The latter provides for installation of an adjustable throttle in the pressure or drain line for hydraulic motor (sequential primary or secondary regulation), as well as, a controlled bypass of the pump supply into its suction line. Since during the throttle control of the speed of an output link of the hydraulic motor, load determines the pressure drop across the throttle and, therefore, the volumetric flow rate in the line, this control method cannot ensure the invariance of the volumetric hydraulic drive to the load on the actuator, which is necessary if it is used to rotate or to provide the antenna scanning for the radar stations and also the radar for the mobile above-water and land transport systems, that having a high sailing are exposed to significant contrary and fair wind load. In this case, the high quality of the stabilization of the loaded output links rotation speed is possible only in the case of using instead off a throttle the flowcontrollers. At the same time, it should be noted, that in the conditions of the more strict requirements for the control accuracy oblige to use the servo-hydraulic drive with the negative feedback in angular velocity of the output shaft rotation. Authors of the proposed article are consider the design features of some typical 2- and 3-linear flow controllers and also carried out a set of experimental studies of volumetric hydraulic drive with throttle control, provided 3-linear flow-controller, as a result of which the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the volumetric hydraulic drive with a changing load on the output link at main and additional (secondary) hydraulic motors were obtained. The received results of experimental studies allowed for this article authors elaborate the adequacy of the developed mathematical model of a 3-linear flow-controller and to offer methodological recommendations for determining the parameters of its own components. In the conditions of limited availability of information on the design features and methodology of the flow-controllers, the results of experimental studies and proposed mathematical model of a 3-linear flow-controller can have some value in developing designs of flow-controllers, determining the parameters of their component elements, as well as in the use the flow-controllers in the loadinvariant volumetric hydraulic drives.

Design and Experimental Validation of a Novel High-Speed Omnidirectional Underwater Propulsion Mechanism

This article details the design, working principles, and testing of a novel position control mechanism for marine operations or inspection in extreme, hostile, or high-speed turbulent environments where unprecedented speed and agility are necessary. The omnidirectional mechanism consists of a set of counter-rotating blades operating at frequencies high enough to dampen vibrational effects on onboard sensors. Each rotor is individually powered to allow for roll control via relative motor effort and attached to a servo-swashplate mechanism, enabling quick and powerful manipulation of fluid flow direction in the hull's coordinate frame without the need to track rotor position. The mechanism inherently severs blade loads from servo torques, putting all load on the main motors and minimizing servo response time, while exploiting consistent blade momentum to minimize the corresponding force response time. A small-scale force-validating model is fabricated and tested for various force and moment commands. Kinematic and hydrodynamic analyses of the hull and surrounding fluid forces during various blade maneuvers are presented, followed by the mechanical design and kinematic analysis of each subsystem in a small scale model. Experimental results of the small-scale model are presented that verify the concepts presented for the larger-scale model. Finally, an open-loop controller is constructed with decoupled parameters for each degree of freedom.

Using Ensembles for Accurate Modelling of Manufacturing Processes in an IoT Data-Acquisition Solution

The development of complex real-time platforms for the Internet of Things (IoT) opens up a promising future for the diagnosis and the optimization of machining processes. Many issues have still to be solved before IoT platforms can be profitable for small workshops with very flexible workloads and workflows. The main obstacles refer to sensor implementation, IoT architecture, and data processing, and analysis. In this research, the use of different machine-learning techniques is proposed, for the extraction of different information from an IoT platform connected to a machining center, working under real industrial conditions in a workshop. The aim is to evaluate which algorithmic technique might be the best to build accurate prediction models for one of the main demands of workshops: the optimization of machining processes. This evaluation, completed under real industrial conditions, includes very limited information on the machining workload of the machining center and unbalanced datasets. The strategy is validated for the classification of the state of a machining center, its working mode, and the prediction of the thermal evolution of the main machine-tool motors: the axis motors and the milling head motor. The results show the superiority of the ensembles for both classification problems under analysis and all four regression problems. In particular, Rotation Forest-based ensembles turned out to have the best performance in the experiments for all the metrics under study. The models are accurate enough to provide useful conclusions applicable to current industrial practice, such as improvements in machine programming to avoid cutting conditions that might greatly reduce tool lifetime and damage machine components.

Balance survey / analysis of vertical transport installations using the Nyquist stability criterion

Operation of vertical transport installations is based on adjustable electrical drive systems which must ensure the technical conditions regarding the variation in time of the speed, the current of the main motors and the accelerations at start and brake phases. Electric drives are part of the fast process of automation equipment. In the case of a vertical transport installation, speed is the characteristic which has to be controlled in command phase, while the dependent factor is the tachograph. The adjustment determines the dependence of the quantity in the process – based on a default law - with respect to the independent quantities and also to the process dependents, thus reducing the influence of the perturbations to the process. There are different ways to define the stability of an automatic system. The balance survey / analysis also approaches the determination of the functions of variation in time of the main actuation motor current and speed (main motor rpm), at the moments of starting the vertical transport installation, and the study of the variation in time of the speed in the case of a load shock. To perform calculations needed for stability assessment and draw all the diagrams a Turbo C 2.0 program was written by the authors.

FUZZY CONTROLLER FOR BETTER TENNIS BALL ROBOT

This paper aims at designing a tennis ball robot as a training facility for tennis players. The robot is built with fuzzy controller which provides proper techniques for the players to gain practical experience as well as technical skills; thus, it can effectively serve the community and train athletes in the high-performance sport. It is found that it is more economically efficient by using the sensorless fuzzy control algorithm to replace the high-resolution optical encoders traditionally used in two main servo motors. From our simulation and practical experiment, the tennis ball robot can provide accurate speed and various directions as expected.

Oral health and implant therapy in Parkinson's patients: review.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases, second only to Alzheimer's disease. It is a progressive disease that inevitably leads the patient to death, in most cases for pneumonia ab ingestis. It affects 120 people out of 100,000 and more frequently affects men than women. The main symptoms are divided into motor, non-motor and behavioral ones. The main motors symptoms are tremor, bradykinesia and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms include autonomic nervous dysfunction (orthostatic hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, sexual dysfunction, excessive sweating due to hypothalamic dysfunction, constipation), insomnia, OSAS, and olfactory dysfunction. Behavioral symptoms are depression, dementia and psychosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, through a systematic review of literature, the oral health status of the Parkinson's patient compared with the general population with particular reference to the incidence of caries and periodontal disease, the patient's management during dental interventions and the possibility of rehabilitating the patient with implanted therapy.

The City: A World History by Andrew Lees

Reviewed by: The City: A World History by Andrew Lees Antonio Carbone The City: A World History. By andrew lees. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 160pp. £12.99 (paper); £47.99 (cloth). “What defines a city?” is a question that has kept busy many generations of urban historians and sociologists. In his book, Andrew Lees conceives the City as a transcultural phenomenon, which existed throughout human history. In his narration, single cities in different regions and epochs illustrate various stages in urban history. Lees fulfills in this book the hard task of summing up in less than two hundred pages almost six millennia of the world’s urban history. The rise of the City is connected with the introduction of agriculture and husbandry, which allowed human settlement and the production of agricultural surplus. Lees identifies Uruk and Babylon in Mesopotamia as the first major cities, which brought together political, religious, and commercial functions and exercised power over vast hinterlands. Athens, Alexandria, and Rome follow as urban champions of Antiquity. Deploying a conventional narrative, Lees declares the fifth century b.c.e. to have been Athens’s “golden age” (p. 15). The torch of “leader of urban life in the Western World” (p. 19) passed then to Alexandria, which was laid out in a grid pattern after Alexander the Great’s instructions. Unlike Alexandria, Rome grew “over a period of many centuries” and “did not reflect the unifying vision of a master planner” (p. 22). Lees characterizes the specific contributions of the Romans in urban history as being founders of many cities in Eurasia and supporters of the idea that “public space was an essential ingredient of a good city” (p. 24). Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages see a decline—so says Lees—of urban civilization in western Europe. He thus seizes the chance to shift focus from Europe to Constantinople, Baghdad, Chang’an, Nanjing, and Tenochtitlán. Whereas Baghdad was beneficiary of its “strategic position along . . . trading routes” (p. 34), China’s main cities, for example, Chang’an and later Nanjing and Dadu (Beijing), were administrative centers. Urban growth in Europe resumed from the eleventh century, especially in Italy and in the “Low Countries.” Echoing orientalist fantasies, which oppose Oriental despotism with Occidental individual freedom, Lees argues that “in contrast to Constantinople, Baghdad, Chang’an and Tenochtitlán, cities in medieval Europe were not founded by hereditary rulers as capitals of large states. They instead arose gradually, as a result of decisions by individuals who chose to live there” (p. 41). Early modern Europe is described as being the golden age of capital cities such as Paris and London and of planners who were “seeking to overcome the disorderliness that characterized medieval cities” (p. 46). The high [End Page 175] pace of urbanization in northwestern Europe, which stemmed from the shift in trading toward the Atlantic, was accompanied by the foundation of “numerous colonial cities, which fostered economic links that contributed to urban growth around the world” (p. 50). After lingering on the case of Edo (Tokyo), which from the eighteenth century rose as military center of the shogunate system, Lees concentrates on urbanization in Europe, the United States, and Japan in the long nineteenth century. He identifies industrialization as one of the main motors for urban population growth. Rising numbers of urban inhabitants “led to intensified overcrowding, whereby more and more city dwellers lived in what came to be known . . . as slums” (p. 67). This caused a worsening of hygienic conditions and epidemics. Urban reformism emerged as a reaction to this crisis, at first as a philanthropic movement and later anchored in “public institutions that operated under the authority of either national or, to a greater extent, municipal governments” (p. 72). Cities outside of Europe, the United States, or Japan in the long nineteenth century fall in the book under the category of colonial cities. The author differentiates between two main typologies of colonial cities. He draws the main distinction between regions where cities already existed and in which, “when Westerners arrived, the newcomers had to adapt to local customs, narrow, twisting streets and high residential densities” (p. 83) and areas where new cities were founded and...

Environmental Violence and Its Consequences

Environmental changes happen all the time. Changing environments bring about selection of organisms, and there is no organism that does not modify its environment to make a living, survive, and reproduce. These changes are the main motors of evolution and, consequently, the main cause of biodiversity. Environmental violence—unsustainable use and extraction of natural resources—is the way capitalist economies exploit nature. The extinction rates associated with the current unsustainable use of resources are sufficient to assume that we are experiencing a sixth mass extinction event. The rate at which humans are transforming the environment leaves no time for evolutionary adaptation. We need to reduce environmental violence for life to maintain its normal processes. Without knowledge of nature and the consequences of violence against nature, we will become another of the planet’s extinct species. Los cambios ambientales ocurren todo el tiempo. Los ambientes cambiantes propician la selección de organismos y no hay organismo que no modifique su ambiente para subsistir y reproducirse. Estos cambios son los principales motores de la evolución y por lo tanto la causa principal de la biodiversidad. La violencia ambiental—el uso y la extracción insostenibles de los recursos naturales—es la manera en que las economías capitalistas explotan la naturaleza. Las tasas de extinción asociadas con el uso insostenible de los recursos son suficientes para considerar que estamos experimentando la sexta extinción masiva de especies. El ritmo al cual los seres humanos están transformando el ambiente no deja tiempo para la adaptación evolutiva. Necesitamos reducir la violencia ambiental para que la vida pueda mantener sus procesos normales. Sin el conocimiento de la naturaleza y de las consecuencias de la violencia contra ella, nos convertiremos en otra de las especies extintas de nuestro planeta.

Performance and Operation Analysis of a Quadra Sectors Rotary Airheater Adopted by CFB Boiler

Based on the aspects of thermal properties, resistance properties, air Leakage Control and boiler output adaptability, the operation modes and their impact of a quad-sector rotary airheater adopted by a 330MWe circulating fluidized bed boiler are analyzed by tests. And the operation methods of Leakage Control System are concluded. In order to improve the reliability of rotary airheater with main and auxiliary motors, recommendations for improvement are extended.