Main Motion Parameters Research Articles

An experimental characterization of ventilation motions in healthy subjects.

Existing devices detect main breathing data and none is aimed to monitor biomechanics of ventilation motions with small wearable device. The used device has been designed for noninvasive wearing to detect main motion parameters of a rib during ventilation in an experimental campaign with 218 subjects. Experimental activity is carried out by testing in vivo with human volunteers for an experimental characterization of ventilation motions as related to normal breathing, maximal breathing and coughing. Findings can be summarized from a numerical analysis of experimental results in terms of statistical values of ventilation motion parameters in rotation and acceleration as function of age and sex of the tested subjects. The discussed campaign reporting results on healthy patients was carried out with the aim to build a reference database of normal conditions against which the status of patients with both thoracic and ventilation problems can then be judged. Females showed significantly larger lateral-to-lateral movements during basal breathing and lateral-to-lateral Z-axis movements during maximal breathing and cough. Males demonstrated wider antero-posterior Y-axis and cranio-caudal X-axis movements during maximal breathing, while antero-posterior movements prevailed during cough. Older participants demonstrated larger lateral-to-lateral Z-axis and antero-posterior Y-axis movements during basal breathing. Young participants showed more significant increments along antero-posterior Y-axis from basal to maximal breathing and basal to cough, demonstrating a more efficient muscular activity. The ventilation motion during ventilation act is useful to detect the status of ventilation and can give indications for diagnostics and medical solutions even in thoracic surgery.

Ship Trajectory Generator under the Interference of Wind, Current and Waves

In view of the low accuracy of the motion parameters generated by the typical ship trajectory generator, and the fact that the problem of wind, current and wave interference is not considered, this paper establishes a new ship trajectory generator by analyzing the changes in the ship's attitude and speed under different motion states. Through simulation, the accuracy of the main motion parameters is significantly improved compared with the typical trajectory generator; the time-varying non-uniform wind, current and wave fields are constructed, and the interference effect of wind, current and waves on ship motion is analyzed by combining the empirical formulas of force and moment; an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based on wind, current and wave interference is designed, and the fuzzy rules of the fuzzy system are determined by training and testing the measured data; the motion parameters of superimposed wind, current and wave interference are compared with the measured data, and the accuracy is further improved after superimposing wind, current and wave interference.

Autonomous Control of the Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicle in Collision Situation with Stationary Obstacle

Abstract The article considers the problem of autonomous control of the underwater remotely operated vehicle mini Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) in a collision situation with a stationary obstacle. The control of the collision avoidance process is presented as a synthesis of fuzzy proportional-differential controllers for the control of distance and orientation concerning the detected stationary obstacle. The control of the submergence depth of the underwater vehicle has been adopted as a separate control flow. A method to obtain the main motion parameters of the underwater vehicle relative to the detected stationary obstacle using a Laser-based Vision System (LVS) and a pressure sensor coupled to an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is described and discussed. The result of computer implementation of the designed fuzzy controllers for collision avoidance is demonstrated in simulation tests and experiments carried out with the mini ROV in the test pool.

Small Local Earthquake Detection Using Low-Cost MEMS Accelerometers: Examples in Northern and Central Italy

Abstract This study evaluates the seismicity detection efficiency of a new low-cost triaxial accelerometer prototype based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Networks of MEMS sensors were installed in telecommunication infrastructures to build two small arrays in northern and central Italy. The sensor prototypes recorded major earthquakes as well as nine small seismic events with 2.0<ML<3.0. Where possible, MEMS were compared to the closest high-quality seismic stations belonging to the national accelerometric network. The comparison, in terms of peak ground accelerations and spectral responses, confirms that the signals are in good agreement. The tested inexpensive MEMS sensors were able to detect small local events with epicentral distances as large as 50 km and provided an efficient characterization of the main motion parameters. This confirms that the proposed accelerometer prototypes are promising tools to integrate into traditional networks for local seismicity monitoring.

Neuronal trafficking dynamics and regulators

AbstractBackgroundNeurons are highly polarized cells continuously relying on intracellular transport, through which they communicate with the external world. Among the somatodendritic and axonal compartments many proteins with different functions are sorted to reach long distances. The relevance of neuronal transport in ensuring cell development and homeostasis maintenance raises a big interest on this topic. Moreover, several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, exhibit significant axonal pathology, where transport impairment seems to have a crucial influence. However, the role of this process in neurodegeneration, remains poorly understood. In this study we aim to characterize neuronal transport dynamics of specific proteins, and the molecular machinery regulating this process. Furthermore, we aim to explore transport from the pathological point of view, evaluating the effect that mutant proteins (e.g. TDP43‐related) may have on it.MethodHuman Neural Stem Cells derived neurons were differentiated for 30 DIV. Plasmids encoding for different GFP‐coupled proteins were designed to express those who are involved in main neuronal functions (e.g. synaptic activity) and transfected in neurons. Time‐lapse movies of cargoes were acquired to detect changes in movement. Data analysis was performed using object segmentation and tracking algorithms. Raw data were processed to describe the main motion parameters: average velocity, directionality, track length, and others. Post‐imaging Immunocytochemistry was performed to assess cargoes localization and discriminate between axonal and dendritic transport.ResultAmyloid Precursor Protein (APP) cargoes with higher velocity in anterograde direction were observed compared with the retrograde one; meanwhile for Synaptophysin, a major population of stationary particles was found. Moreover, sorted data for axonal and dendritic transport description shown faster APP particles in axonal anterograde movement. Relying on the movement dynamics description, we decided to screen for protein‐protein interactions, using GFP‐trap and CoIP approaches followed by Mass Spectrometry analysis, which can shed light on possible partners involved in the transport regulation.ConclusionOur work describes an in vitro model for neuronal transport study and highlights the different behavior of proteins with various physiological functions. A complete view will elucidate details about transport regulation and will open a way to understand its role in neuropathological processes.

Design of Globoidal Indexing Cam Mechanism CAD System

With globoidal indexing cam mechanism as the object of study, this paper introduces its operating principle, analyzes and calculates its main motion parameters. On the basis of theoretical study, the paper using structured program design method and Visual Basic 6.0 as developing tool analyzes main function modules, such as system parameters input, law of motion, kinematics analysis and pressure angle check, etc. The paper develops globoidal indexing cam mechanism CAD system in simple operation and describes application method of the system and design examples.

Study on Motion Parameters of Tamping Operation

Railway ballast tamping operations is an important work in the line maintenance and repair operations. The main goal is to restore the correct geometrical position of the railway track and improve the ballast compactness under the sleepers. Tamping parameters has a very important influence of tamping effect. This paper takes the type D09-32 tamping device as an example, introduces its structure and function, and analyzes its tamping principle of asynchronous constant pressure. The main motion parameters of tamping operation are gained by analyzing and calculating the motion of tamping tine.

Use of an orthogonal parallel robot with redundant actuation as an earthquake simulator and its experiments

In this article, an orthogonal 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel robot with redundant actuation is studied as an earthquake motion simulator. Taking the practical simulation of earthquake waves into consideration, the general characteristics of natural earthquakes are analysed and complexity and variety of seismic waves, three-dimensional and multi-DOF movement, and strong devastating force are regarded as the three obvious features in this article. Based on the characteristics of this orthogonal 6-DOF parallel robot with redundant actuation and the features of earthquakes, the feasibility of using this parallel robot as an earthquake motion simulator is analysed from three aspects: orthogonal 6-DOF structure, decoupling feature, and redundant actuation module. In order to simulate an earthquake motion using this parallel robot, its inverse kinematics and dynamics models are derived. The control system of this earthquake simulator is developed based on the PXIbus development platform. The computed-torque control algorithm based on the inverse dynamics is used in the controller of this equipment. A typical three-directional earthquake motion, the El Centro earthquake, is simulated on the end-effector of this parallel robot by means of its mathematical models and control system. Three main motion parameters of simulated seismic waves, displacements, velocities, and accelerations, are measured, respectively, by laser tracker and acceleration sensors. The experimental results show this equipment is appropriate to be used as an earthquake simulator.

Visual Measurement and Prediction of Ball Trajectory for Table Tennis Robot

A high-speed stereovision system with two smart cameras is presented to track a table tennis ball, which adopts a distributed parallel processing architecture based on a local area network. A set of novel algorithms with little computation and good robustness running in the smart cameras is also proposed to recognize and track the ball in the images. A computer receives the image coordinates of the ball from the cameras via the local area network and computes its 3-D positions in the working frame. Then, the flying trajectory of the ball is estimated and predicted according to the measured positions and the flying and rebound models. The main motion parameters of the ball such as the landing point and striking point are calculated from its predicted trajectory. Experimental results show that the developed image-processing algorithms are robust enough to distinguish the ball from a complex dynamic background. The predicted landing point and striking point of the ball have satisfactory precision.

ACTISEAT: Active vehicle seat for acceleration compensation

This paper describes an active vehicle seat to isolate the equipment and passengers in a vehicle from vibration and to compensate, to a certain extent, for acceleration in all directions. The main objective of this system is to reduce the negative effects of vibration and acceleration on embarked equipment and passengers. The active seat is composed of three main subsystems: A motion sensor unit installed on the vehicle body, to acquire the main motion parameters of the vehicle: speeds, accelerations, inclinations, etc. A small motion base attached to the seat. This platform moves actively, driven by a set of actuators. A control system for the overall system command. The seat has been extensively tested and the main results are presented.