Main Line Formulae Research Articles

Dermatoglyphic Pattern Differences in Females with Reproductive System Cancers and It’s Scope in Preventive Care

Introduction: Female reproductive system cancers shorten lifespan in women because of high mortality and morbidity. The detection of pre-invasive and micro-invasive stages makes near 100% survival of cancer patients. Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of fingerprints. Many genes which take part in the control of finger and palm dermatoglyphic development distinguished cancer patients from the general population. It is possible that these genes also predispose to the development of malignancy. Since many investigations are needed to confirm the diagnosis of cancers, dermatoglyphics can be used as a screening procedure for planning preventive care if a specific pattern is known for a cancer. Aims and Objectives: To analyze the prints of different cancers, to analyze the results, compare with controls and observe the differences in main parameters of dermatoglyphic patterns and to determine a specific pattern for specific cancers. Subjects and Methods: This is a prospective, observational and an analytical study started after the approval by Institutional Ethical Committee of S.V. Medical College, Tirupati. The material for the study consisted of finger and palm prints of outpatients and inpatients of the Department of OBG, Tirupati, Cancer Hospital in and around Tirupati, Nellore and Kadapa. The ink prints of each finger and palm were collected and analyzed. Results: Ridge counts, digital patterns and main line formulae observed in different cancers in the present study were analyzed and presented. Mean TFRC was higher in normal group. Greater AFRC was observed in cancer cervix patients when compared to controls. In the present study, there is no difference (p> 0.05) in a-b ridge count among carcinoma of cervix and control group in both hands. Differences of mean atd, tad and tda angles among the groups are not statistically significant (P>0.05).The most common C-main line termination pattern of cancers are U followed by R and then Ab. IV interdigital area of both hands presented less incidence of loop pattern in cancer cases when compared to normal group. Special findings in respective cancers are discussed separately and they are not found in any other literature. Conclusion: There are very limited studies in literature on dermatoglyphic pattern in female reproductive cancers. Though the cost of prints is less, more time and skilled human resources are required for their analysis. Study sample size of controls and cases to be increased. Public should be enlightened about dermatoglyphics. If large number of studies are done and a specific pattern is established for specific cancers, then it becomes cost-effective to people so that a risk is predicted beforehand in any disease and preventive methods can be employed at an early age as the dermatoglyphic patterns do not change in a life time.

A Comparative Study of Palmar Dermatoglyphics in Thakurs and Lodhis of Bakshi Ka Talab Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

Dermatoglyphic characters vary widely and are unaffected by age, gender and least by environment. Unlike configurations and their distinctiveness with every individual, it also shows bilateral, bisexual and population variations. Palm prints once created are unchangeable throughout life and are unaffected by environmental factors. This paper is based upon the palmar dermatoglyphic. The study reports on bisexual and bilateral palm prints among Lodhis and Thakurs of Rudahi village of Bakshi Ka Talab, Lucknow District. The palmar dermatoglyphic traits have been analyzed among the two populations which are Main line Formula, Endings of main lines D and A, Position of Axial triradius, Angle atd, Main line Index, Hypothenar, Thenar/ Ist Interdigital area, IInd Interdigital area, IIIrd Interdigital area, IVth Interdigital area, and Palmar Ridge Counts. The prints have been obtained by using the duplicating ink method on white paper. On the perusal of Principal Main line Formula among Lodhis and Thakurs, it has been noticed that the frequency is more in Lodhi males than females in formula 11.9.7. On the other hand, the frequency of Thakur males is more than Thakur females in formula 9.7.5. The Ending of Main Line D in position 11 as clearly indicated in Lodhis is higher in both the genders in comparison to Thakurs, while the position 9 indicates highest frequency in Thakur females. The Ending of main line A at position 5’ has higher frequency in Lodhi males. The Main line index value 16 is observed higher in Lodhis in comparison to Thakurs. Higher frequency has been observed in Lodhis than Thakurs in Axial triradius in modal type‘t’. The range of Angle atd is observed to have higher frequency in 36º- 40º among the Lodhis as compared to Thakurs. The palmar ridge counts mean, is found higher in Lodhi females and Thakur males. Thus this paper shows the similarity and dissimilarity among the males and females of Thakurs and Lodhis in Palmar dermatoglyphics.

Finger and Palmar Dermatoglyphic Study among the Dhimals of North Bengal, India

The study intends to explore finger and palmer dermatoglyphic pattern of Dhimals, a little known community of sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India. Bilateral finger and palm prints of 202 individuals of both sexes (in equal proportions) were studied for dermatoglyphic traits. The finger type exhibits more whorls (52.65%) followed by loops (45.25) with little sex differences. The values of different indices are: Pattern Intensity Index 15.05, Furuhata' s Index 116.49, Dankmeijer's Index 4.1 and Poll's Index 4.78. Total Finger Ridge Count is 162.18. The IV interdigital area is characterized by more pattern (88.73%) followed by others. Main line formula 7.5.5 is more frequent (52.94%) with 7.38 as Main Line Index. The mean value of atd angle was calculated 42.29 0 .

A Comparison of Palmar Dermatoglyphics in Two Ethnic Indian Populations of North Bengal, India*

Dermatoglyphic print comparisons can be utilized to establish personal identification in forensic cases. The northern part of the state of West Bengal, India, is the home to many ethnic populations. Two such populations are the Rajbanshi and the Mech. Palm prints were collected from 192 adult Rajbanshi (105 men and 87 women) and 100 adult Mech (50 men and 50 women) individuals for print comparison using the standard ink and roll print method. The dermatoglyphic variables studied were mainline formulae, termination of mainline, positional variation of axial triradii, and true pattern of hypothenar and thenar configuration area. There were differences between the Rajbanshi and Mech individuals with respect to these dermatoglyphic variables. The uses of these variables appear to be limited only to ethnic identification, not personal identification. The present investigation further highlights the racial affinity, sex, and bilateral differences among Rajbanshi individuals using dermatoglyphic palmar variables.

A Study of Palmar Dermatoglyphics Among Sugalis, a Tribal Population of Andhra Pradesh

Bilateral palm prints of 75 males and 75 females of Sugali, a tribal population of Andhra Prdesh were analysed for principal main line formulae, C- line polymorphism, main line index, a-b ridge count and 'atd' angle. Main line formulae occur in the order of 11-9-7 > 9-7-5 > 7-5-5 among males and 9-7-5 > 11-9-7 > 7-5-5 among females and shows significant bilateral and bisexual variation. C- line terminations show preponderance of ulnar endings in both males (37.33%) and females (40.67%) with significant bilateral difference only among males. Main line index value is found to be more among males (8.33 ± 0.31) than that of females (7.30 ± 0.24) the bisexual variation is statistically significant. a-b ridge counts are found to be higher on left palms than the right ones and both the sexes show significant bilateral difference. Similar trend was observed for 'atd' angle but the differences fall short of significance.

Study of finger and palmar dermatoglyphics in primary infertile males

Finger and palmar dermatoglyphic variations have been studied in 160 diagnosed primary infertile males (111 clinically abnormal primary infertile males and 49 clinically normal primary infertile males). It has been observed that loops occur most frequently in primary infertile males. Arches are found to be absent on digit IV and V. Among the clinically normal infertile males the mainline formula 7.5.5--succeeds 11.9.7--instead of 9.7.5--in the order of preponderance. Bilateral and inter-group differences among clinically abnormal and normal infertile males have been found to be statistically non-significant for finger and palmar comparison. The present findings are compared with the result on finger and palmar dermatoglyphics of controls (130 Punjabi males of Delhi). Clinically normal infertile males show statistically significant differences in the occurrence of various pattern types of finger balls when compared with controls. Similarly, clinically abnormal as well as normal primary infertile males reveal statistically significant results in the occurrence of patterns in the hypothenar and Thenar/I interdigital area of palms when compared with controls.

Palmar Dermatoglyphics of Jatapu Tribals of Andhra Pradesh

In the present paper, various trairts among Jatapus (125 male and 125 female). Andhra pradesh has been repeated. The population of main-line formula 11.9.7.__. an its allied combintions was observe...

A note on palmar dermatoglyphics of Nukadoras of Andhra Pradesh.

Rolled bilateral palm impressions of 148 unrelated Nukadora individuals in Visakhapatnam District of Andhra Pradesh have been studied. Mainline formula 9.7.5 is found to be predominant and the mainline index shows higher values on the right than the left palm. The frequency of true patterns is found to be higher on the IV interdigital area followed by III, hypothenar, II and thenar/I.

Palmar flexion creases and dermatoglyphics among diabetic patients.

Palmar dermatoglyphics and flexion creases of 108 male and 65 female patients diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus have been analysed. The control population consists of 536 males and 234 females from the same population. Palmar flexion creases were analysed according to the method suggested by Bali and Chaube ('71). The flexion creases of diabetic patients and the control population are significantly different. The differences between main line formulae in diabetes and controls are significant among males. The differences between C-line types of patients and controls are significant among both sexes. Axial triradii are significant among female patients and controls. The patterns in the interdigital areas IV and II are significantly lower among male and female patients respectively from their controls.

Dermatoglyphics Study of the Shompen of Great Nicobar

The finger and palm prints of 20 male and 18 female Shompen of Great Nicobar were examined. The distribution of finger patterns and of palmar main line formulae showed significant sex differences. Main line index was higher on right than on left hands in both sexes. Axial triradius t was most frequently observed on both hands in the two sexes.

Palmar dermatoglyphics in Maharashtrians of India.

SUMMARYBoth palm prints of 75 ♂ and 73 ♀ unrelated Maharashtrian students aged 8-18 have been collected and analysed according to Cummins & Midlo's methodology. The results are tabulated and discussed.They concern the principal main line formulae and their terminations at Lines D, C, B, A; the distribution of the axial triradius, as well as the frequencies of whorls, loops, arches, vestiges and open-fields in the hypothenar, thenar and in the interdigital areas.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES ON THE DETERMINATION OF PLANTAR MAIN-LINE INDEX AND TRANSVERSALITY.

SUMMARYMethods have been presented for the determination of main-line index and transversality of the distal plantar ridges. For studying the collective main-line formula, a scheme of ‘modal types’ for the four main lines has been introduced. The computation of the summational main-line index has been made possible by devising a scheme of numerical values for the various terminations of main lines D and A. Cases where the main line D or A is abortive or non-existent should be eliminated from the assessment of main-line index. The degree of transversality should be determined from the percentage proportion of the mean main-line index with the maximum possible index.

THE SYMMETRY OF THE PLANTAR MAIN LINE FORMULA IN AN INDIAN POPULATION.

SUMMARYThe plantar dermatoglyphic prints of 125 male and 125 female Panjabi Indians have been studied in order to determine the relative incidence of symmetry and asymmetry.Females tend to possess a higher degree of symmetry than males. On the contrary, asymmetry shows a preponderence in males.The differences between males and females are statistically significant when total symmetry is compared to total asymmetry, or when a comparison is made between the three groups of S and A. However, when the total symmetry and the rest of the combinations taken together are studied statistically, the differences appear to be of doubtful significance.

On the palm and sole pattern in the Oroks and the Giliaks

In comparing the various racial groups, the Oroks and the Giliaks in Sakhalin are unusually interesting since they possess some characteristics on their palm patterns which do not resemble any other peoples.In the Oroks, palmar main line D terminates most frequently in position 11 and line B commonly in positions 5 and 7 but some of these lines terminate in special position 9 (table 3). The most common main line formulae are 11 9 7 - and 9 7 5 -(table 1). The palmar interdigital pattern appears most frequently in the third area (table 6).The most common formulae of this pattern are S and -- S but formula -- is not so frequently observed (table 5).Among finger patterns, whorls are very abundant and the percentile is higher than those of any other racial group (table 12).On the planta of the Oroks, the frequency distribution of the hallucal pattern is a peculiar type compared with those of other peoples, namely the frequencies of the A and B types are somewhat low but the W type is relatively common (table 24).On the plantar interdigital areas, combi-nations of the patterns O O O and O U O are the most frequent (table 26).In the Giliaks, palmar main line D terminates commonly in position 9, so that the frequency of the main line formula of type 9 becomes much higher than those of other peoples (table 2 and 4).The most common main line formula is 9 7 5 -(table 1).The palmar interdigital pattern appears most frequently in the fourth area (table 6) and the occurrence of formula -- S is strikingly predominant.As in the case of the Oroks, the formula --- is not so frequently observed (table 5).Hypothenar, thenar and first interdigital patterns appear very rarely (table 8 and 9).Among finger patterns, ulnar loops are the most numerous and whorls are rather few for one of the peoples of Eastern Asia (table 12).