Main Diet Research Articles

Antioxidant feed additive Dihydroquercetin in the feeding of broiler chickens

Currently, the production of poultry products intended for healthy nutrition is relevant. Consumption of such products allows us to stabilize the metabolism in the body and improve human health. Raw meat is susceptible not only to rapid microbiological spoilage, but also to oxidative spoilage, which preservatives help combat. Oxidative processes reduce the shelf life of fi nished products due to the deterioration of organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value of products. Therefore, one of the modern trends in the production of poultry products for a healthy diet is a focus on the use of natural feed additives when obtaining raw meat, through the lifetime development of quality. The purpose of the work was to study the antioxidant feed additive Dihydroquercetin in feeding of broiler chickens. When carrying out a scientific and farm experiment using the method of analogous groups, 4 groups of broiler chickens (control and three experimental) were formed at one day of age. Chickens of the 1st control group received only special compound feed as the main diet (MD), chickens the 2nd experimental group in addition to the MD received the antioxidant additive Dihydroquercetin in the amount of 0,50 g per 100 g of compound feed, chickens the 3rd group received 0,75 g per 100 g of compound feed and chickens of the 4st group received 1 g per 100 g of compound feed. It was found that the studied antioxidant additive contributed to better realization of the productive potential of poultry, increasing the livability of livestock, increasing meat productivity and improving the quality of meat raw materials. It has been proven that there is no negative impact of the feed additive on the main safety indicators of broiler chicken meat. Additional reserves have been identifi ed for increasing the economic effi ciency of broiler chickens rearing and producing of meat products from the resulting raw materials.

Expression of key genes in the caecum in CM5 and CM9 chickens of the meat cross «Smena 9» against the background of the replacement of fishmeal

Relevance. Dependence on fishmeal hinders the development of the poultry industry. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of key genes in the parent stock of Gallus gallus L. lines CM5 and CM9 of the meat cross «Smena 9» on the background of diets with the replacement of fish meal.Methods. Experiments were carried out on CM5 and CM9 chickens: groups 1A and 1B received the main diet (MD), 2A and 2B — MD with the replacement of fish meal with soy products, 3A and 3B — MD with the replacement of fish meal with sunflower products, 4A and 4B — MD with the replacement of fishmeal with soybean and sunflower products at a ratio of 50:50. Gene expression analysis was performed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Results. The most pronounced changes in the levels of expression of key genes against the background of the replacement of fishmeal with soybean and sunflower processed products concerned the maternal line Plymouth Rock CM9 compared to the paternal line Cornish CM5. Thus, the expression of SOD mRNA in groups 2B, 3B and 4B decreased by 14.3–100 times compared with control 1B (р ≤ 0.05). Whereas in the experiment on the CM5 line, the expression of the SOD gene in the experimental groups 2A and 3A decreased by no more than 3.5 times compared with the control 1A (р ≤ 0.05). In all experimental groups, zootechnical indicators of meat and egg productivity were noted at the level of control groups (р > 0.05).

Leukocyte blood formula and the incidence of calves against the background of the use of Tanamine Zn

The new living conditions that animals get into in the early neonatal period are associated with diseases caused by maintenance and feeding, as well as untimely veterinary treatments for both mothers and newborns. Therefore, it is extremely important to introduce ingredients into their diet that contribute to successful adaptation. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the feed additive «Tanamin Zn» on the leukocyte formula of blood and the manifestation of diarrhea syndrome in calves. During the experiment, the experimental animals-analogues were divided into groups. The experiment was carried out on calves of the black-and-white breed (Bessonovsky type) in the conditions of the collective farm-stud farm named after V.Ya. Gorin, Belgorod region. Groups (12 heads in each) were formed taking into account origin, sex, live weight (LW) and age. The I-K – control group included calves who received the main diet (MD), and the II group included calves who received, in addition to MD, tanamine Zn at a dose of 0,05 g / kg of live weight / day during the entire dairy period (60 days). It was found that the total number of leukocytes during feeding (1;30;60 days) of the supplement and during the aftereffect (90 days) was within the physiological norm with different directions of changes in the number of eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. In addition, we have shown a decrease in the manifestations of diarrhea syndrome in calves of the experimental group in the first decade of life compared with the control by 25,0%, and its duration by 35,7%. The obtained research results were processed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 computer program using Student's criterion. The results were considered significant from p≤0.05.

Study of the effectiveness of using the antioxidant astaxanthin in the composition of feeds for valuable aquaculture objects

The “Enzymsporin” is one of these preparations, which is a probiotic feed additive for optimizing digestion processes, increasing the productivity and safety of fish. Second year rainbow trout grown in cages at the cooling pond of the Smolensk NPP were used as the objects of study. Specialized domestic feed “Trout growth 44/23” was used as the main diet (MD) for feeding the fish. The main diet with the addition of 0,5 g of “Enzymsporin” per 1 kg of feed was used as an experimental variation. An increase of the body girth index (66,7% versus 61,9% at p < 0,05) in the experimental group of the trout was founded. A tendency to increase the coefficient of fatness and the relative length of the stomach and intestines were noted, but the difference was not significant. The relative weight of fish without chyme (gastric and intestinal contents) in the control (without the use of the preparation) was significantly higher by 2,6% (p < 0,05), that indicates its lower nutritional activity. Significant differences in the content of moisture and minerals in the experimental and control groups won’t founded, but the fat content in the body of fish when using a probiotic was 1,5% higher then in control. Therefore, trout meat in this variant was more nutritious. An improvement in rearing results was achieved in the experimental group, especially the average daily growth gain increased by 6,8%, survival — by 6,7%, standing crop of the fish per unit area in a body water — by 9,2%, with a reduction of feed conversion ratio by 10,2%. The trout meat of the experimental group after heat treatment had a more pleasant taste, juiciness and tender texture. The average score of its overall average degustation evaluation significantly exceeded the control (8,0 versus 7,5 at p < 0,05). An economic effect in the experimental variant of feeding was 98257,5 rubles for the 80 m2 cage.

Changes in the concentration of chemical elements in the body tissues of broilers when fed with the probiotic <I>Bacillus cereus</I> and coumarin

Relevance. Due to the cancellation of feeding animals with low doses of antibiotics, alternative substances are being searched, phytobiotics and probiotics may become promising. The use of plant-based feed additives in the nutrition of farm animals and poultry contributes to improving health, and, consequently, improving productive qualities.The purpose of the study: to study the effect of probiotic (Bacillus cereus IP 5832) and coumarin both separately and together on the concentration of chemical elements in the body tissues of broiler chickens.Methods. The object of the study was 7-day-old broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross. In our research we used: probiotic based on Bacillus cereus strain and coumarin. Experimental scheme: control group (C) — the main diet (MD), experimental group I — MD + Bacillus cereus (dose of 12.6˟103 microbial bodies/kg of feed/ day), experimental group II — MD + coumarin (dose of 2 mg/kg of feed/day), experimental group III — MD + Bacillus cereus + coumarin. The experiment period is 35 days. Analysis of the elemental composition of tissues was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry on a "Nexion 300D" quadrupole mass spectrometer and an "Optima 2000 DV" atomic emission spectrometer.Results. As a result of experiments conducted on feeding probiotics to broilers based on Bacillus cereus and coumarin strains, their positive effect on the accumulation of essential and conditionally essential trace elements in the liver and pectoral muscles and a decrease in the presence of a number of toxic elements was established.

The effect of the combined use of gammaoctalactone and chlortetracycline in the broiler diet: live weight, feed efficiency and the microbiome of the caecum

Relevance, materials and methods. The experimental scheme included the control group — the main diet (MD); group I (positive control) — MD + chlortetracycline (20%) 0.63 g per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days; group II — MD + gamma-octalactone at a dosage of 0.1 ml/kg of b.w./day; III group — MD + gammaoctalactone + chlortetracycline (20%).Results. In the course of research, the advantage of the live weight of experimental broilers over the control was established. The broilers that received gamma-octolactone + chlortetracycline with the main dietwere distinguished by the greatest live weight (16.5% more than in the control) . A similar situation was observed in terms of live weight gains. Broilers of the experimental groups ate more feed (by 3.23–8.47%), against the background of low feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight (by 6.38–10.6%) compared to the control. Broilers from group III had a higher content of erythrocytes (by 12.6–30.7%) and the weight of the spleen. The microbial profile of group III broilers (a combination of gamma-octalactone and chlortetracycline) was represented by microorganisms belonging to 4 phylum. The dominant phylum was Firmicutes (81.3%). Comparison with the control showed that the combination of substances reduced the number of bacteria of this phylum by 4.46%, against the background of an increase in the number of representatives of the Bacteroidetes phylum by 9.32% relative to the control. There was an increase in representatives of the genera Alistipes, Lactobacillus and unclassified genera of the family Clostridiales, while the number of representatives of unclassified genera of the family Ruminococcaceae decreased.

Effect of the Eucalyptus viminalis leaf extract compound on the amino acid and fatty acid composition of broiler chicken meat

The article presents the results on evaluating the effect of the gamma-octalactone compound isolated from Eucalyptus viminalis leaf extract on the amino acid and fatty acid composition of protein and lipids of broiler chickens' muscle tissue. The object of the study was 7-day-old broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross. During the experiment, the control group poultry consumed the main diet (MD); the poultry of the experimental groups received the main diet plus gamma-octalactone at the following dose: group I – 0.05 ml/kg l.w./ day; II – 0.1 ml/kg l.w./ day; III – 0.2 ml/ kg l.w./day. It was found that the experimental compound's introduction into the diets significantly increases protein and fat content, as well as improves the balance of experimental groups' chicken meat for essential amino acids, as evidenced by a significant increase in the content of leucine and isoleucine - 2.27% (P≤0.01), valine - 0.8% (P≤0.05), phenylalanine 0.44 (P≤0.05) % in chickens of the experimental group III in relation to the control. With a relatively stable amount of saturated fatty acids in the experimental groups, compensation for insufficient synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed by increased accumulation of monounsaturated fatty acids. However, despite the existing differences in the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, no significant intergroup changes were observed.

Особенности накопления йода в мышцах кроликов на фоне использования антиоксидантов в липосомальной форме

Abstract. The problem of iodine saturation of livestock products for residents of most regions of our country requires a detailed study. One of the factors is the obtaining of livestock products enriched with organic iodine. The study of the degree of accumulation of iodine in the muscle tissue of rabbits at the background of the use of liposomal form of antioxidants enriched with organic iodine (LFA) was the main purpose of the research. Methods. An experiment on rabbits of the California breed were used. The first control group received the main diet (MD) in the form of a granular mixture. The experimental second group was given LFA based on White sea laminarias at the rate of 250 g per ton of feed mixture of MD. The third experimental group was injected with MD the LFA with Black sea Cystoseira. The formation of meat indicators, chemical analysis of muscle tissue, the level of accumulation of trace elements, including iodine in muscle tissue was studied indicators. Results. Based on the somatometric method of evaluating rabbits, it was found that the young animals of the experimental groups form a more eirisomus-type body (from 60 to 70 % of the total population). All indicators of the interactions of somatic parameters in the young groups II and III positive and highly significant correlation, and the correlation index of the density of the body correlated positively with body length (r = +0,67, p ≤ 0.01), chest girth (r = +0,86, p ≤ 0.001), length of loin (r = +0,61, p ≤ 0,01), the length of the backside (r = +0.71, p ≤ 0.001) and head measurement (r = +0,57, p ≤ 0.05). An improvement of the indicators of slaughter of experimental groups of young animals was stated. The slaughter weight increases by 12.2 %, and the mass of internal organs responsible for digestion by 4.5–43.8 %. A percentage of increase in muscle tissue during boning by 10.0–15.9 % and a decrease in the proportion of low-value parts in the carcass-bone tissue by 8.6–9.9 % was stated. Iodine in the average sample of muscle tissue of the experimental groups increases by 91.8 mcg (p ≤ 0.05) in animals of the second group and by 113.3 mcg (p ≤ 0.05) of the third group.

Intensity of growth of calves of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in colostrum and milk periods while feeding them with pyridoxine hydrochloride

The effect of pyridoxine hydrochloride on the body mass of animals, absolute and average daily increment, relative growth rate, growth factor of live weight and multiplicity of increase in live weight of calves in the early stages of postnatal ontogenesis were studied. For the experiment, six groups of one-day calves (control and five experimental) were formed, with 5 animals in each, which, in addition to the main diet (MD), fed pyridoxine hydrochloride in different doses, according to the scheme: control group – MD, I experimental group – MD + 1 mg/kg g. m pyridoxine hydrochloride, II – MD + 2 mg/kg g. m of the preparation, ІІІ – MD + 3 mg/kg of w. m., IV – MD + 4 mg/kg g. m and V experimental group – MD + 5 mg/kg g. m pyridoxine hydrochloride. Conditionally, the research was divided into four periods: colostrum – from birth and up to 5 days, until the formation of digestion – from 5 to 21 days, the period of the formation of digestion scar – from 21 to 60 days and the end of the milk period – from 60 to 90 days. It was established that feeding to calves with pyridoxine hydrochloride resulted in an increase in the live weight of 60 days of calves by 5.9% in the second group (P < 0.05), by 8.7% in the third group, by 8.3% in IV and 9.2% in V groups (P < 0.001) and for 90 days it was higher by 9.3%, 9.1%, 9.2% and 9.1% respectively (P < 0.05). The highest average daily increments were in the colostrum period in calves IV and V groups, which were added to the main diet, respectively, 4 and 5 mg/kg b.w. pyridoxine hydrochloride, in the period prior to the formation of digestion scar in calves of group IV, in the period of the formation of digestion scar in calves of the III group and at the end of the milking period in calves of group V. Absolute incresements of calves in the colostrum period and the period prior to the formation of digestion scar were the highest in calves of Group IV and the difference in control was respectively 0.34 and 1.05 kg. During the period of the digestion scar formation and the end of the milk period, the highest absolute increases were in calves of group V, which was added to the main ration of 5 mg/kg b.w. pyridoxine hydrochloride. The highest increase in body weight of calves in colostric period and prior to the operation scar rate was in group IV, the period of digestion scar formation was in the third group and during the completion period of milk in the second group of calves. In colostric period the increase of live weight was higher in calves III, IV and V groups of 5 to 21 days in calves of group IV, from 21 to 60 days in the third group and during the completion period of milk in the second group of calves.