Main Control System Research Articles

The Research and Application on Intelligent Control in Boiler Combustion System

Design of an intelligent boiler main steam pressure cascade control system, introducing a fuzzy adaptive controller will be developed as a component added to the MCGS configuration environment to achieve the vapor pressure of the advanced control methods. Than the actual use of the program proved feasible, the program has a higher than traditional quality.

The IIC interface based on ATmega8 realizes the applications of PS/2 keyboard/mouse in the system

This paper introduces the PS/2 keyboard/mouse protocol and the transmission characteristics of IIC bus interface, giving the design and hardware circuit for converting the PS/2 keyboard/mouse interface to IIC interface. System analyzes protocols and data, and then transmits the data on the basis of PS/2 keyboard protocol by the ATmega8 microcontroller to the main control system. Thereby data from PS/2 keyboard/mouse is handled and output by the ATmega8 microcontroller to other devices, providing a feasible solution for the next step to achieve the keyboard/mouse interaction with the host.

Predictive controller design for multivariable process system based on support vector machine model

Based on the predictive control principle and support vector machine theory, this paper presents an intelligent predictive control scheme to solve the control difficulties of industry process with multi-variables. As an example, the rotary kiln calcination is the most important part of cement production including complicated physical and chemical reaction processes with large inertia, pure hysteresis, non-linearity and strong coupling characteristics. Considering the need of advanced process control in cement industry, the main control system structure includes three control loops as the pressure control loop, the burning zone control loop and the back-end of kiln temperature control loop. Based on the analysis of PID and generalised predictive control algorithm, the performance index of generalised predictive control algorithm is restructured into PID form. By analysis of the experimental data, the non-linear regression model based on SVM is introduced. The control algorithm using SVM model is simulated in two cases to derive the responses of system compared with the ordinary PID control algorithm. The simulation results of typical step responses of control variables using the presented control scheme show the effectiveness of the control scheme with better response time and tracking performance compared to traditional PID control.

Hybrid Vehicles: The System and Control System Challenges

Hybrid electric vehicles are expected make a significant contribution to the environmental needs of the premium vehicle sector and there is currently extensive industrial and academic research ongoing in this area. Combining an internal combustion engine with electric traction, managing electrically powered ancillaries and meeting the high expectations of the premium market, presents new problems in the area of Systems Engineering and Control. Some of the main system and control system challenges will be discussed in the context of hybrid research being undertaken in Jaguar Cars and Land Rover.

Research on the Equipment for Electrostatic Flocking of the Activated Carbon Fibers

Based on the analysis of the equipment requirements for the "upper-adsorption” electrostatic flocking method of the Activated Carbon Fibers, the overall design of equipment is given, and the electrostatic system, the main function equipments and control systems of the device are also introduced separately.

보행 재활을 위한 신체 자중 보상용 모바일 로봇에 관한 연구

최근 고령화 사회로의 진입 및 장애 인구의 증가로 인해, 인간의 복지를 위한 자동화 시스템에 대한 수요가 늘고 있다. 특히 재활 자동화와 관련한 로봇 시스템은 환자 본인 및 치료 보조자에 대한 수고를 덜어주면서도 기존의 전통적인 재활효과에 상응하는 성과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다. 본 연구는 하지 근력이 약화된 사용자들의 신체 자중을 보상해줌과 동시에 정상인과 같은 패턴의 보행 훈련을 수행할 수 있는 모바일형 보행 재활 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 특히, 자중보상 시스템은 신체의 자세 변화 특징을 반영하여, 기구학적인 분석을 통해 구현하였으며 보행 가이드를 위한 제어 알고리즘과 더불어 메인 컨트롤 시스템이 내장된 모바일 플랫폼에 통합 적용되었다. 이러한 모바일 플랫폼은 사용자의 보행 속도의지를 반영하는 UCS(User Command System)와 플랫폼 자체에 내장된 자율주행 알고리즘의 병합되어 운용되도록 고안되었으며, 본 논문에서는 보행 훈련시의 BWS(Body Weight Support)의 효과에 대한 검증에 집중하고자 한다. 이를 위해 인체의 근전도 신호를 측정할 수 있는 EMG(Electromyography) 센서를 활용하여, BWS 및 모바일로봇을 활용한 자중 보상 시의 피험자의 하지 근력 패턴을 측정 및 분석하여, 정상 보행자와의 차이점을 비교함으로서 본 연구의 타당성을 검증하였다. As the population of elderly people and disabled people are increased, various demands for human welfare using robot system are raised. Especially autonomous rehabilitation system using robot could reduce the human effort while maintaining the its intrinsic efficacy. This study deals with mobile gait rehabilitation system which combined with BWS (Body Weight Support) for training of elderly and handicapped people who suffer the muscle force weakness of lower extremity. BWS which is designed by kinematic analysis of body lifting characteristics and walking guide system are integrated with main control system and wheeled platform. This mobile platform is operated by UCS (User Command System) and autonomous trajectory planning algorithm. Finally, through the EMG (Electromyography) signal measuring and its analysis for subject, performance and feasibility of developed system is verified.

Data Processing at KAGUYA Operation and Analysis Center

The functions of KAGUYA(SELENE) Operation and Analysis Center (SOAC) are to operate three satellites: the main orbiter KAGUYA and two small satellites, Relay satellite OKINA and VRAD (VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) RADio source) satellite OUNA; and to process, archive and provide mission data. SOAC has two main functional areas, “Tracking and Control system” and “Mission Operation and Data Analysis system.” The former is for operational planning of bus and mission instruments including satellite navigation, and for the implementation of those plans and for the evaluation of satellite conditions. The latter is the system that processes, archives and provides mission data, and which principal investigators use to generate higher-level data products. Data up to the end of the operation in June 2009 have been processed and the total amount of Level-2 data products reaches about 50 TB. The data products have been released to the public since November 2009.

Local Control System of the Elliptically Polarized Undulator at SSRF

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a third-generation light source with major emphasis on insertion device (ID) sources. In the storage ring there are 20 straight sections, each about six or ten meters in length, for possible insertion devices. Currently there installed three undulators and two wiggler installed in five straight sections. They were originally designed and fabricated by the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP). A variable polarizing undulator was constructed as the light source of the soft X-rays beamline for SSRF. This local control system consists of a Siemens PLC and a six axis Masterdrive motion controller. Four servo motors control the gap - two on the upper girder and two on the lower girder, and another two servos controls the phase - one on the upper girder outer and one on the lower girder inner. The main control system at the SSRF is experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS). This paper will discuss in detail the design philosophy and the implementation of the Six-motor insertion device control system. This control system has been in operation for about one year.

Main control system verification and validation of NPP digital I&C system based on engineering simulator

Abstract Full-scope digital instrumentation and controls system (I&C) technique is being introduced in Chinese new constructed Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), which mainly includes three parts: control system, reactor protection system and engineered safety feature actuation system. For example, SIEMENS TELEPERM XP and XS distributed control system (DCS) have been used in Ling Ao Phase II NPP, which is located in Guangdong province, China. This is the first NPP project in China that Chinese engineers are fully responsible for all the configuration of actual analog and logic diagram, although experience in NPP full-scope digital I&C is very limited. For the safety, it has to be made sure that configuration is right and control functions can be accomplished before the phase of real plant testing on reactor. Therefore, primary verification and validation (V&V) of I&C needs to be carried out. Except the common and basic way, i.e. checking the diagram configuration one by one according to original design, NPP engineering simulator is applied as another effective approach of V&V. For this purpose, a virtual NPP thermal-hydraulic model is established as a basis according to Ling Ao Phase II NPP design, and the NPP simulation tools can provide plant operation parameters to DCS, accept control signal from I&C and give response. During the test, one set of data acquisition equipments are used to build a connection between the engineering simulator (software) and SIEMENS DCS I/O cabinet (hardware). In this emulation, original diagram configuration in DCS and field hardware structures are kept unchanged. In this way, firstly judging whether there are some problems by observing the input and output of DCS without knowing the internal configuration. Then secondly, problems can be found and corrected by understanding and checking the exact and complex configuration in detail. At last, the correctness and functionality of the control system are verified. This method is also very convenient for expansion to other type digital I&C V&V. This paper is mainly focused on V&V of closed-loop control systems in full-scope DCS and several detailed reactor control (RRC) systems, including pressurizer pressure and water level control, steam generator water level control. The V&V works were carried out by applying engineering simulator. This paper describes the structure and function of the simulator, V&V procedure, results analysis and problems identified. Through the actual on-line virtual closed-loop testing on Ling Ao Phase II NPP project, many problems of DCS configuration were found and solved. And it proved that V&V based on engineering simulator enables significant time saving, improves economics and safety in the phase of engineering debugging.

Recovery of 0.1 Hz microvascular skin blood flow in dysautonomic diabetic (type 2) neuropathy by using Frequency Rhythmic Electrical Modulation System (FREMS)

Synchronized oscillation of smooth muscle cells tension in arterioles is the main control system of microvascular skin blood flow. An important autogenic vasomotion activity is recognized in 0.1 Hz oscillations through power spectrum analysis of laser Doppler flowmetry. Severe dysautonomia in diabetic neuropathy is correlated with loss of 0.1 Hz vasomotor activity, hence with impaired blood microcirculation. FREMS is a novel transcutaneous electrotherapy characterized by sequences of electrical stimuli of high voltage and low pulse duration which vary both in frequency and duration. We have evaluated the changes in laser Doppler flow in the volar part of the forearm before, during and after FREMS. Normal controls ( n = 10 , 6 females, age range 21–39 years) demonstrated significant 0.1 Hz vasomotion power spectra at baseline conditions associated with large oscillations of adrenergic cutaneous sweat activity sampled from the hand; people with diabetes type 2 and severe dysautonomia ( n = 10 , 5 females, age range 63–75 years) displayed a significant decrease of 0.1 Hz vasomotion power spectra. During FREMS application we observed an increase ( p < 0.05 ) of 0.1 Hz vasomotion power spectra only in the diabetic group, despite persistence of adrenergic cutaneous sweat activity suppression in this group. However, after the application of the stimuli, the relative energy values around the 0.1 Hz peak remained significantly higher than preapplication values in the diabetic group ( p < 0.05 ). From these findings, we suggest that FREMS is able to synchronize smooth cell activity, inducing and increasing 0.1 Hz vasomotion, independently from the autonomic nervous system.

이동로봇을 위한 구조광 영상기반 거리측정

In this paper, we address an active ranging system based on laser structured light image for mobile robot application. Since the burdensome correspondence problem is avoidable, the structured light image processing has efficient computation in comparison with the conventional stereo image processing. By using a cylindrical lens in the laser generation, it is possible to convert a point laser into a stripe laser without motorized scan in the proposed system. In order to achieve robustness against environmental illumination noise, we propose an efficient integro-differential image processing algorithm. The proposed system has embedded image processing module and transmits distance data to reduce the computational burden in main control system.

109 適応極値制御手法による船舶主機関制御系の設計(OS1-2 人に優しい制御技術2,OS1 人に優しい制御技術)

109 適応極値制御手法による船舶主機関制御系の設計(OS1-2 人に優しい制御技術2,OS1 人に優しい制御技術)

Design of the CCD Color Selector

The color selector is the quick food selection equipment integrating many high technologies such as optics, machine and electrics, and it is mainly used to separate heterochromous grains such as yellowing grains, mildew grains and impurities from rice, peanuts, melon seeds and sesames, and it is the important equipment to ensure the safety and quality of grains. In this article, the design principle and the composing parts of the CCD color selector are simply introduced. The color selector includes the main control system, the checking separation system, the vibration feed-in system and the optical system. The main control system mainly controls and manages various subsystems, and harmonizes exterior functional modules. The checking separation system mainly selects and eliminates the heterochromous grains checked by the optimal system. The vibration feed-in system is used to control the flux of materials. The optical system is mainly composed by the optical illumination system and the optical imaging system, and it is the core part of the color selector.

Active vibration control by a smart auxiliary mass damper equipped with a fiber Bragg grating sensor

This paper presents the results of a key activity of a large research project (MESEMA) in the aeronautics field, funded by the European Community under the Sixth Framework Programme, namely the modeling and control of a magnetostrictive actuator to be used for broadband vibration and noise control. The developed auxiliary mass damper was designed in order to meet the demanding requirements of the application at hand, especially in terms of weight reduction and force capability. The specifications were successfully satisfied using a resonant intertial actuator concept based on a nonlinear mechanism for amplifying the seismic mass displacement. The nonlinearities of the actuator highly affect the problem of its adoption within the active feedback control system devoted to vibration and noise reduction of the controlled structure. In order to overcome the limitation and negative effects of these nonlinearities within the main control system, the actuator was equipped with an optical sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The FBG was used within a low-level control loop based on a model-following control algorithm, aimed at imposing a desired linear behavior to the actuator itself. The controlled actuator was used to design an optimal vibration controller. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach both for the low-level and the high-level control loops.

지그비 무선통신과 웹 기반의 임베디드 시스템을 이용한 자동차 센서신호 감시 및 제어에 관한 연구

In this paper, we constructed Embedded web-server to be monitored and controlled for intelligent vehicle on the base of embedded system and Zigbee wireless communication. By interfacing main controller and embedded system with ECU including every information of vehicle, it is possible to monitor the cruising information of vehicle, and sensor signal added to inside and outside of vehicle is transferred to embedded system through Zigbee communication. Web-server is constructed using embedded system, that`s why the access to vehicle is possible using PC or mobile instrument, and the real-time check and control of vehicle is possible as well.

J. J. Bachofen y el retorno de las Madres

El presente artículo trata sobre lo expuesto por Johann Jakob Bachofen en su obra Matriarcado con respecto al sistema ginecocrático, imperante en las primeras sociedades prehistóricas; su desarrollo a lo largo de la historia y su declinación ante el advenimiento del patriarcado como sistema regulador de la sociedad vigente aún en la actualidad. Asimismo se habla de la transición de uno a otro sistema y de su alternancia a través de la comparación establecida por Bachofen entre el matriarcado y el patriarcado.

Developmental status of a server system for the MLF general control system

The Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) of J-PARC has a general control system (MLF-GCS) that controls all the MLF subsystems including the muon and neutron targets, the moderator, the cooling system, the remote handling systems, etc. And although the MLF-GCS is an independent control system it does have to work in close coordination with the accelerator and other facility control systems within J-PARC. The MLF-GCS consists of a main control system and some servers, which include a data server, a WEB server, an EPICS server, a camera server and an information display server. The server systems play an important role in realizing advanced independent control of the MLF. The design and construction of the server systems are almost complete, and their improvement and optimization is now in progress.

Influência do treinamento físico aeróbio no transporte mitocondrial de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa no músculo esquelético: papel do complexo carnitina palmitoil transferase

O ácido graxo (AG) é uma importante fonte de energia para o músculo esquelético. Durante o exercício sua mobilização é aumentada para suprir as necessidades da musculatura ativa. Acredita-se que diversos pontos de regulação atuem no controle da oxidação dos AG, sendo o principal a atividade do complexo carnitina palmitoil transferase (CPT), entre os quais três componentes estão envolvidos: a CPT I, a CPT II e carnitina acilcarnitina translocase. A função da CPT I durante o exercício físico é controlar a entrada de AG para o interior da mitocôndria, para posterior oxidação do AG e produção de energia. Em resposta ao treinamento físico há um aumento na atividade e expressão da CPT I no músculo esquelético. Devido sua grande importância no metabolismo de lipídios, os mecanismos que controlam sua atividade e sua expressão gênica são revisados no presente estudo. Reguladores da expressão gênica de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de lipídios no músculo esquelético, os receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissomas (PPAR) alfa e beta, são discutidos com um enfoque na resposta ao treinamento físico.

A cryostat and temperature control system optimized for measuring relaxations of glass-forming liquids

An experimental setup, including a cryostat and a temperature control system, has been constructed to meet the demands of measuring linear and nonlinear macroscopic relaxation properties of glass-forming liquids in the extremely viscous state approaching the glass transition. In order to be able to measure such frequency-dependent response functions accurately (including dielectric permittivity, specific heat, thermal expansivity, and shear and bulk moduli), as well as nonlinear relaxations following a temperature jump, one must have the ability to hold temperatures of liquids steady over the span of several days or even several weeks. To maximize temperature stability, special care is taken to thermally isolate the sample chamber of the cryostat. The main temperature control system is capable of maintaining temperatures within a few millikelvins. If liquid is deposited into a special transducer assembly that includes a subcryostat unit, the temperature of liquids can be maintained even more precisely, within a few tenths of a millikelvin. This subcryostat unit is more responsive to temperature changes because (i) it is equipped with a Peltier element that provides secondary heating and cooling, (ii) the transducer contains a layer of liquid that is only 50 micfom thick, and (iii) feedback proportional-integral-derivative temperature control is implemented by a fully analog circuit. The subcryostat permits us to change and stabilize temperatures quickly; it takes only 10 s to stabilize the temperature within tenths of a millikelvin after a jump of 1 K, for example, a capability that is highly advantageous for accurately observing relaxation processes following a temperature step.

CD39/NTPDase-1 Expression Is Associated with Activation in T-Lymphocytes.

CD39/NTPDase-1 is an ecto-ATP/ADPase expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. CD39 is the main control system for blood fluidity. CD39 on lymphocytes was first reported in 1991 by Kansas et al. However, studies of CD39 expression and activity on leukocytes have not been done. We characterized levels of CD39 expression and enzymatic activity on neutrophils (PMN), lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets. Since inflammatory responses occur in arterial vascular disease, we also examined expression of CD39 on naive versus activated and memory lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were isolated by a histopaque procedure, and PMN by dextran gradient. B-lymphocytes were isolated using the RosetteSep B-cell kit. All cell types were confirmed to have purities of >90%. CD39 activity was assayed via our radio-thin-layer chromatographic system. CD39 expression was measured on leukocytes via FACS. PMN, monocytes, and lymphocytes were identified by their forward and side-scatter characteristics. Subsets of lymphocytes were examined via double staining for CD39 and antibodies against specific sub-types. CD39 localized to the surface of greater than 95% of neutrophils, monocytes, and B-lymphocytes. It was also present on a minority (~8%) of T-lymphocytes with no difference in frequency of expression between CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Geometric mean (GM) expression of CD39 per cell was greatest in B-lymphocytes and monocytes, lower in CD4+ cells, and lowest in CD8+ cells and PMN. Interestingly, incubation of T- lymphocytes with PHA up-regulated CD39 in CD8+ cells both in terms of number of cells expressing and GM, with expression rising to 65%. The GM increased 4-fold after 6d of stimulation with PHA. A similar but less dramatic increase was seen with LPS. This is the first time we have accomplished up-regulation of CD39 expression and enzymatic activity. Radio-TLC measurement of nucleotidase activity showed B-lymphocytes>PMN>T-lymphocytes. B-lymphocyte ADPase and ATPase activities (in pmol/min/50K cells) were 75 and 43, respectively. PMN displayed 39 (ADPase) and 22 (ATPase), while T-lymphocytes had enzymatic activity of 16 and 11.5, respectively. ADPase:ATPase ratios were similar for B-lymphocytes and PMN, but lower for T-lymphocytes (1.8 for B-lymphocytes and PMN, vs 1.45 for T-lymphocytes, p=0.03). Lymphocytes stimulated with PHA demonstrated an increase in enzyme activity of 10–20X baseline that peaked at 7–10d. ADPase:ATPase ratio was unchanged. FACS measurement showed that CD39+ lymphocytes were more often activated than CD39− lymphocytes in both CD3+ (p=0.06) and CD4+ (p=0.02) subgroups. Preliminary experiments indicated that >85% of CD39+ T-lymphocytes are CD45RO+. Importantly, this suggests that CD39 is expressed primarily on activated or memory cells in the T-lymphocyte population. Thus, CD39 is expressed on a broad variety of leukocytes. T-lymphocyte expression can be induced by stimulation with mitogens. Moreover, CD39 is present primarily on CD45RO+ T-lymphocytes. We conclude that CD39 expression can be induced by activation of the immune system. The up-regulation of CD39 on activated and memory T-lymphocytes may be a compensatory mechanism for protection from thrombosis as a consequence of inflammation. It may serve as a mechanism for metabolizing extracellular ATP and therefore decreasing the inflammatory stimulus. Abnormalities in CD39 may result in decreased nucleotidase activity and increased vulnerability to thrombosis as a consequence of inflammation.