Number Of Main Branches Research Articles

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer, Poultry Manure Applications with Bacillus megaterium M-3 Inoculation on Yield and Yield Components of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa)

Phosphorus is considered one of the essential elements for legumes as it increases nitrogen fixation due to nodulation. Hence, for high productivity in legumes, it should be added as inorganic or organic fertilizer to soils containing insufficient phosphorus. Especially in recent years, using inorganic and organic fertilizers together has gained importance in terms of sustainable agriculture, considering plant growth and soil and environmental health together. The effects of three different doses of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 50, 100 kg P2O5 ha-1), and two different doses of poultry manure (0, 3 t ha-1) applications with two different doses (B0 or B1) of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium M-3) inoculation on hay yield and yield components of common vetch were examined in this study. In fact, while the highest hay yield and crude protein rate were obtained by bacterial inoculation together with phosphorus fertilizer application, the effect of poultry manure application on yield and yield parameters was variable. Instead, the applications had no significant effect on the number of main branches, ADF and NDF rates. Consequently, the application of 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 together with Bacillus megaterium inoculation can be recommended for high hay yield in common vetch under irrigated conditions in areas with poor or medium soils in terms of phosphorus.

Agro-Ecological Practice for Sustaining Higher Productivity of Fennel Plant Using Alley Cropping System and Endophytic Fungi

Sustainable ecological agriculture is achieved by regulating the benefits of trees. The application of leguminous trees as alley cropping protects and increases soil fertility, improves the quality of water by intercepting pesticides, changes the local climate, improves biodiversity, and thus improves productivity. In order to evaluate the impact of alley cropping upon the growth and productivity attributes of fennel, an experiment was carried out during two seasons. The experiment included eight treatments. Fennel seeds were cultivated between Sesbania alleys and treated with N and endophytic fungi according to the eight treatments. After harvesting the fennel, different parameters were determined and biochemical analyses were conducted. All of the alley cropping treatments showed remarkable superiority in all measures of fennel growth and productivity compared to the sole crop treatment. Among the different alley cropping treatments, applying Sesbania at 4 m spacing with N fertilizer and EF increased most of the studied parameters in terms of the least number of days from planting until harvesting of fennel, herb dry weight, number of umbels, fruit yield, essential oil, N, P, and K content, and pigments. In contrast, the highest plant height was recorded with fennel–Sesbania at 2 m spacing + N fertilizer + EF. Applying fennel–Sesbania at 6 m spacing + N fertilizer + EF treatment resulted in higher stem diameter and increased the number of main branches compared to the other treatments.

Evaluation of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) for Early Blast Disease (Alternaria solani)

Aims: Early blight disease (Alternaria solani) is one of the main biotic factors limiting sweet potato production in the tropics. A multi-locational research was carried out to screen and identified sweet potato accessions that are resistant to the disease.
 Methodology: 21 sweet potato accessions were collected from different agro-ecological zones of Nigeria and screen against Alternaria solani by artificial inoculation of the pathogen in three diverse agro-ecological conditions. The accessions were named against their place of condition. The research were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on days to 50% flowering, fresh root weight per plant, number of root per plant, number of main branches per plant, and above ground fresh biomass yield per plant at 15 weeks after planting (WAP). Disease scoring was done using rating scale 0f 0-9 and analyzed with IRRI STAR software.
 Results: The result revealed that there are variations in the 21 accessions studied. Offa performed best across the three environments followed by Umudike while Ado-Ekiti had the least performance in term of root yield. The screening shows that none of the 21 accessions is highly resistant. Four of the accessions were resistant, six accessions were moderately resistant, four accessions were susceptible, and three accessions were moderately susceptible while 4 accessions were highly susceptible to the pathogen.
 Conclusion: The findings concluded that the resistant accessions that gave high number roots could be used as a gene pool for Alternaria solani resistance breeding for cultivar improvement. The use of the identified resistant accessions with high root yield by farmers is encouraged pending the time commercial Alternaria solani resistant cultivars will be readily available and accessible.

Impact of Biofertilization Treatments on The Growth of Different Cultivars of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

During the winter season of 2022-2023, a field experiment was carried out in the Al-Mahawil region of Babylon province to determine the effect of biological Fertilization on the development of several flax kinds. The experiment incorporated two variables: first, three distinct varieties of flax (Giza 8, Indian, Polony), and second, four levels of biological Fertilization. (azotobacter bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, azotobacter + mycorrhizal fungi, without addition). The outcomes were as follows: The field was organized in accordance with a wholly randomized block design with three replications. The treatment containing Azotobacter and mycorrhizal organisms exhibited notable improvements in the following parameters: plant height (in centimeters), number of primary branches (plant branch-1), number of capsules (plant capsule-1), and number of seeds in the capsule (seed capsule-1). The maximum values were obtained for the weight of 1000 seeds (g), the percentage of oil in the seeds (%), and the number of plant containers (66.30, 88.32 cm, 4.91 branches, 8.74 Ή³, 10.78 g, 44.51%). The Giza 8 cultivar exhibited a marked advantage over the remaining varieties across all the characteristics that were examined. The cultivar known as Giza 8 was shown to have a considerable advantage over the other kinds in all of the characteristics that were investigated. The interaction treatment (Azotobacter bacteria + mycorrhizal fungi + Giza 8 cultivar) performed significantly better in terms of plant height (cm), number of main branches (plant branch-1), number of capsules (plant capsule-1), and number of seeds in the capsule (Seed capsule-1). The best results were achieved by calculating the weight of 1000 seeds (g) and the percentage of oil in the seeds (%). The values obtained were as follows: 91.00 cm, 5.19 branches, 68.44 plant capsules -1, 8.92 plant seeds -1, 11.29 g, and 44.85%.

A quick assessment of patchouli nutrient stress on Inceptisols soil of Aceh, Indonesia

Nutrient diagnosis can be a guide for optimizing growth through proper fertilization. This study aims to quickly evaluate the response of the patchouli plant to nutrient stress in Inceptisols. That was carried out through a greenhouse experiment consisting of 8 fertilizer nutrient treatments. Two treatments were used as control, namely without application of fertilizer (Co) and complete macronutrients (C). The other six treatments were the addition of complete macronutrients without N (C-N), -P (C-P), -K (C-K), -Ca (C-Ca), -Mg (C-Mg), and -S (C-S) respectively. The fertilizer dose used is half of the recommended dose (128.8 kg N; 25 kg P2O5; 84 kg K2O; 81 kg Mg; 117.4 kg Ca and 60 kg S ha-1). Experiment using a randomized block design with 3 replications. The patchouli seed tested was the local variety. Patchouli plant responses observed were plant height, number of main branches, leaf characteristics, and biomass. Fertilization treatment is not significant to the growth of patchouli. Treatment without fertilizer, complete without N, complete without K, and complete without P showed lower patchouli growth and production. Fertilizer treatment without N tends to show the lowest growth response on each parameter. Nitrogen is the main nutrient-limiting factor for patchouli plants in Inceptisols Aceh.

Pomological traits and profitability of selected velvet apple germplasm

The research was accomplished during February to August, 2021 at Germplasm Center (GC), Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) and farmers’ homesteads in Patuakhali district to find out different characteristics, fruit yield and profitability of four velvet apple germplasm. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Results manifested that there were significant variations among the germplasm, where local red germplasm exhibited the highest plant height (5.54 m), plant diameter (16.23 cm), number of main branches (12.75), length of the largest branch (3.89 m), plant canopy (8.80 m2), leaf area (135.24 cm2) but those traits were minimum in PSTU Bilati gab-2. PSTU Bilati gab-2 emerged floral bud for the longest duration (32.25 days). The measured length of inflorescence before first flowering varied from 5.03 – 6.60 cm where it required 24 – 28.25 days for development. A range of flowers per inflorescence (7.75 – 11) and duration of flowering (46.5 – 59.25 days) were observed in all the studied germplasm. The percentage of fruit set (18.28 – 30.81) per plant with individual fruit weight 126.70 to 202.43 g. The highest pulp weight (103.85 g) was obtained from PSTU Bilati gab-2 and the lowest (69.25 g) from local yellow germplasm. PSTU Bilati gab-2 was completely seedless. So, it contained the highest edible portion (81.92%). The highest fruit yield (3.5 t/ha) was recorded in PSTU Bilati gab-1 but maximum net profit (251160 Tk/ha) was obtained from PSTU Bilati gab-2 with the highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 3.81. Considering percent fruit set, percent edible portion, fruit yield and profitability, PSTU Bilati gab-2 was found to be the best among the four germplasm. Bangladesh J. Agri. 2023, 48(2): 1-12

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEONARDITE DOSES AND CROSS-SOWING METHODS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RED LENTIL

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different cross-sowing methods and different doses of leonardite on the growth of red lentils under rain-fed conditions. Treatments consisted of different cross-sowing methods (control, 45° cross-sowing and 90° cross-sowing) and different leonardite doses (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 kg ha−1). The trial was carried out in Diyarbakır province in Türkiye. The same rate of leonardite was applied to the same plots for two consecutive years to observe the two-year effect of leonardite in the experiment, which was established with four replications according to the factorial experimental design in the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 production seasons. A positive effect of leonardite application was observed on the number of nodules and fresh root weight in the first production season. The highest nodule number (11.84) was obtained with 2500 kg ha−1 and the highest fresh root weight (0.24, 0.25 and 0.24 g) was obtained at 500, 1000 and 1500 kg ha−1 doses, respectively. The highest plant height, number of main branches, and number of pod parameters were obtained at a dose of 1500 kg ha−1 in the second production season (36.63 cm, 3.95 and 17.43, respectively). The highest grain yield (889.5 kg ha−1), dry root weight (0.125 g) and number of nodules (50.01) were obtained at a dose of 1000 kg ha−1 in the second production season. It was determined that different sowing methods did not affect grain yield in either production season.

Analysis of agro-morphological variability and inter-trait relationships in Ghanaian groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) accessions

Abstract Germplasm characterization and evaluation are essential for the genetic improvement of crops. In this study, a collection of 204 groundnut accessions including 13 checks held by Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Ghana were evaluated under optimal conditions for 2 years. The objectives were to characterize the groundnut collection using 18 qualitative and 14 quantitative traits and to determine the relationships between the traits. Combined analysis of variance based on augmented design revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the accessions for majority of the traits. Results of principal component analysis showed that all the quantitative traits were relevant in discriminating the accessions. Primary seed colour was the most diverse qualitative trait based on Shannon diversity index (n = 0.77). Frequency distribution analysis showed predominance of decumbent growth habit and pale tan seeds. Cluster analysis using qualitative traits identified five major groups of accessions and three each based on quantitative traits and joint analysis of quantitative and qualitative traits. Number of main branches (NMB) and pod width (PW) appeared the most important traits with positive contribution to yield based on correlation and path coefficient analysis. Ten promising trait-specific accessions were identified for earliness along with desirable pod and seed traits. GH 9672 and GH 9665 were identified as promising for higher grain and fodder yield. Five accessions (GH 9833, GH 9829, GH 9830, GH 9835 and GH 9750) produced ~5–30% more grain yield than the best check. This study underscored ample phenotypic variation that would ultimately be exploited for genetic improvement of groundnut.

Effect of Adding Organic Fertilizer (Humus) Perl Humus on some Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Grape Cultivars Shatur Al-anz and Olivette Noire (Vitis Vinifera L.)

This study examined the effects of organic fertilizer PERL HUMUS on the vegetative growth traits of young Shatur Al-anz and Olivette noire grape vines in the grape orchard of the Department of Horticulture and Gardens Engineering, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the growing season (2022). The experiment used a split-plot design according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors: the first factor was the addition of the organic fertilizer PERL HUMUS to the soil at three levels (H0= 0, H1= 150, and H2= 300 gm per seedling) twice before the vegetative buds opened and two months after the first addition. Shatur Al-anz (V1) and Olivette noire (V2) grape varieties are the second factors. Organic fertilizer had a significant effect on most vegetative growth traits, especially the H2 treatment, which had the highest values for main branch length and diameter, wet weight, dry weight, and leaf area (134.04 cm, 12.74 mm, 19.65 gm, 11.02 gm, and 5.24 m2 per vine). There was no notable rise in primary branches. The Shatur Al-anz variety significantly outperformed the Olive variety in (the number of main branches) and (wet weight and dry weight).

Influence of Different Plant Growth Regulators and Boron on Growth, Yield and Sex Expression of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Mol.) under Garhwal Valley

The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Centre, Department of Horticulture, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, India during summer season, 2018-19. The existing experiment was laid out in randomized block design following 13 treatments replicated thrice. The various growth parameters as well as yield attributes and yield were recorded during the experimentation. The result of the present investigation showed that GA3 @ 50 mg/kg was registered as the best treatment in terms of vine length (376.13 cm), fruits per vine (6.60), sex ratio (F:M) 1:11.07 and yield per vine (1357.33 g) and NAA @ 200 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% with relation to the number of main branches per vine (10.87), length of fruit (24.57 cm), diameter of fruit (90.10 mm), yield per plot (10.29 kg/plot) and yield per hectare (457.33 q) in bottle gourd. However, GA3 @ 50 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% number of node per vine (24.27), number of node bearing first flower GA3 50 @ mg/kg(4.20) and NAA @ 150 mg/kg(4.20), weight of fruit NAA @ 100 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% (838.0 g) , total soluble solid GA3 @ 30 mg/kg(5.04 ºBrix) and NAA @ 200 mg/kg ascorbic acid (12.90 mg/100g). The cultivar (Pusa Naveen) gives better response with the application of GA3 @ 50 mg/kg for sex expression and NAA @ 200 mg/kg+ Boron @ 0.1% for various growth and yield parameters. It can be recommended to enhance the production of bottle gourd under Garhwal valley of Uttarakhand.

Effect of harvest dates, mycorrhiza, and some biostimulants on some vegetative growth properties and yield of volatile oil for sweet scented geranium plant (Pelargonium graveolens L.Herit.)

The experiment was carried out in one of the fields of Research Station B in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad - Al-Jadiriya on the fragrant plant for the spring season 2021 in order to study the effect of harvest date, mycorrhiza, bio-stimulants and the interaction among them on some characteristics of vegetative growth and the essential oil yield of sweet-scented geranium plants. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot design with three replications. The experiment included three factors, as the factor of harvest dates represents the main panels with two harvest dates, which are 60 and 90 after planting and symbolized by H1 and H2. In contrast, the secondary panels include the treatment of the mycorrhizal fungal vaccine by two treatments, namely, not adding the mycorrhizal fungal vaccine to the root system and adding it with symbols M1 and M2 As for the sub-secondary panels, the treatments include four stimulating factors: the measurement treatment and the spraying of the vegetative mass with the amino acid phenylalanine at a concentration of 300 mg l ̄¹. The treatment of spraying the foliage with moringa leaf extract at a concentration of 10 gm L ̄¹ and the treatment of spraying the foliage with licorice root powder extract at a concentration of 10gm L ̄¹symbolized by B1, B2, B3, and B4 respectively. The results showed the superiority of the H2 treatment in most indicators of vegetative growth, as well as the increase in the percentages of each of the nutrients and volatile oil in the dried leaves and the volatile oil yield in the dried leaves. Treatment M2 significantly increased all vegetative growth characteristics as well as the percentages of nutrients and volatile oil in dried leaves and volatile oil yield in dried leaves. In contrast, treatment B3 showed an increase in the number of main branches, total number of leaves, total leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaf yield in the plant and the content of The dried leaves of total chlorophyll as well as the percentages of nutrients and volatile oil in the dried leaves of the plant and the yield of volatile oil in the dried leaves. In contrast, treatment B2 had a significant effect in increasing the plant height rate, the number of main branches and the fresh weight of the leaves. It is one of the most prominent triple interaction treatments recorded. The largest increase in all the traits studied above is the triple interaction H2M2B3 treatment, which was characterized by an Bionatura http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/RB/CSS/2023.08.04.69 2 increase in most vegetative growth characteristics, especially the wet and dry weight of leaves and the percentages of nutrients as well as the percentage of volatile oil and volatile oil yield in the leaves. The triple interaction treatment H2M2B4 was also characterized by its recording of Remarkable superiority in both plant height and leaf content of Total chlorophyll and potassium percentage. Keywords: Sweet-scented geranium plant, Harvest date, Mycorrhizae, Biostimulants, vegetative growth, volatile oil.

Identification of superior clones of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad. using progeny test

Satureja rechingeri is a precious plant for the pharmaceutical, feed and food industries due to the high content of antimicrobials in essential oil, mainly carvacrol. As a part of domestication and introduction into the cultivation program, a poly cross design was performed to evaluate genetic parameters and the general combining ability of 58 promising clones of S. rechingeri. Half-sib family seeds were grown in an RCBD with ten replications, and plants were assessed for their quantitative and essential oil traits. General combining ability and genetic parameters, phenotypic and genotypic correlations were estimated for all assessed traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation among entries of all the characters, indicating the possibilities of exploiting the available variability for further genetic improvement. Estimates of the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were highest for essential oil yield (98.38% and 213.95%) and essential oil content (91.60% and 135.14%) in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Broad sense heritability estimates for various traits ranged from 16.68 for leaf width to 91.88 for growth type. Essential oil traits showed a high and positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation with plant height, leaf width, number of lateral branches, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, and growth type. The growth type, number of lateral branches, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, leaf width, and number of main branches were identified as influential factors in increasing the quantity of S. rechingeri target traits essential oil traits, and dry weight. Based on general combining ability estimates of principal traits, half-sib families of S. rechingeri clones of ‘Z19′, ‘G48′, ‘Z16′, ‘K48′, ‘F3′, ‘K5′, ‘E41′, ‘G27′ and ‘F71′ showed the highest performance. These clones can be selected as parents of synthetic varieties or new genetic sources to select superior genotypes.

Influence of variety and hornwort extract on growth and yield of tomato plant

An experimental trial was conducted at Al-Haidariya district, Najaf governorate, Iraq, for the spring season of 2019-2020. The experiment included two factors. The first factor included three cultivars of the tomato plant Solanum lycopersicum (Jawahiri, Al-Ibrahimi and Al-Asili). The second factor included spraying three concentrations of Ceratophyllum demersum (hornwort) extract, which are (0,5,10) ml -l , on vegetative growth. Randomized complete block design (R. C. B. D.) was used as a factorial experiment in a split-plot design with three replicates for each treatment. Duncan's multiple range test was adopted to compare the mean with a probability of 0.05% level of significance. The results appear of the variety on the vegetative growth indicators, as the Al-Asili variety outperformed in increasing the plant height, the number of plant leaves, the number of main branches, leaf area, dry weight, chlorophyll percentage, and the amount of yield, which amounted to 54.43cm, 97.63 leaves. plant-1 and 6.66 branches. plant-1 , and it reached 73.86 cm2 . and 125 % for dry weight percentage, while the total chlorophyll content was 1.23 mg.gm-1 and 10.1Km, compared to the Al-Jawhari cultivar, which had the least effect on plant height on reaching 37.43cm, 68.76 leaves. plant-1, and the number of papers was 62.06 cm2 . Leaf -1 , while the dry weight decreased and the chlorophyll the variety Al-Ibrahimi 83.33 g and 1.04 mg.gm-1 . Spraying at a concentration of 10 ml.l-1 increased the vegetative growth characteristics significantly, as the plant height reached 54.46 cm and the number of leaves was 100.76. Plant - 1 , and the number of branches is 6.3 branches. Plant-1 leaf area amounted to 73.53 cm2 , the dry weight of the shoot was 133.33%, and the percentage of total chlorophyll was 1.22 mg.gm-1 Keywords: Ceratophyllum demersum, hornwort, Solanum lycopersicum, vegetative parameters

تأثير التوزيع الحقلي للكتان ومستخلص السفرندا ومبيد Quizalofop-p-Tefuryl في الادغال المرافقة له وبعض مؤشرات النمو

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season for the year 2021-2022 at the Agricultural Research Station A of the Field Crops Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences- University of Baghdad/ Al-Jadriya. To determine which of the plant densities has the most influence on the weeds associated with the flax crop (Syrian local variety). And to determine the best effect of the Johnson grass (sorghum halepance L.) weed extract, whether alone or in combination with the used Quizalofop- p- Tefuryl herbicide, and to use it in integratTed weed control programs to reduce dependence on herbicides in weed control, Reduce environmental pollution by these herbicides, According to the design of the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). In the order of split plot and with three replications, Such as the first factor, the distance between the row (20, 25, and 30) cm that represents the main plots. Then, the second factor is Control treatments which represent the subplots, (weed free (T1), application Quizalofop-p-Tefuryl at a rate of 2 mL commercial substance (T2), Recommended application rate, Johnson grass extract (stem and leaves) at a rate of 18 L (T3), half the amount of herbicide + half the amount of extract (T4), weedy (T5)). The results showed the following: The distance of 20 cm achieved the lowest dry weight of the weed and the highest average inhibition of 134.57 g/m2 and 49.91%, respectively. While the distance of 30 cm achieved the highest plant height of 78.63 cm, the highest number of main branches in the plant amounted to 5.162 branch/ plant. The highest weight Dry flax plants amounted to 355.21 g/m2. Moreover, the highest percentage of oil was 38.524%. The treatment (T2) achieved the lowest dry weight of the weed and the highest percentage of inhibition amounting to 138.87 g/m2 and 49.91%, respectively. The highest plant height reached 76.92 cm, the highest number of main branches in the plant amounted to 5.158 branch/ plant, and the highest dry weight of flax plants reached 5.158 branch/ plant. 398.61 g/m2 and the highest percentage of oil was 37.35%. The effect of the interaction between the two study factors was significant in most of the traits under study. As the distance of 20 cm with the T2 treatment achieved the lowest dry weight of the weed amounted to 124.53 g/m2 and the highest inhibition rate of 52.35%. While the interaction between the distance of 30 cm and T2 achieved the highest plant height of 80.04 cm, the highest average number of main branches reached 5.833 branch/ plant, and the highest dry weight of flax plants reached 398.61 g/m2 and achieved the highest percentage of oil amounted to 39.847%.

Expression profiling and function analysis highlight the positive involvement of sweet cherry PavTCP17 in regulating flower bud dormancy

The TCP transcription factors function diversely in plant growth, development and stress response. The flower bud dormancy was particularly important for the yield formation of fruit trees. However, there has been no in-depth study on the involvement of TCP genes in regulating flower bud dormancy in sweet cherry so far. In the present study, a total of 18 TCP genes were obtained based on the whole genome, which were divided into two subfamilies and three subclasses (PCF, CIN, CYC/TB1) by multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary analysis. Four TCP genes targeted by miR319 were identified in the degradome results. Tissue-specific expression of TCP gene was verified based on transcriptome data and qRT-PCR. The expression patterns of PavTCPs under cold treatment in dormant buds of two cold-requiring sweet cherry cultivars were analyzed, among which PavTCP17 was significantly positively correlated with the gene expressions of gibberellin (GA) degradation and abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. The abundance of PavTCP17 gene expression was significantly reduced after low cold-requiring cultivars met its chilling demand. The qRT-PCR quantification also showed a decreasing trend of PavTCP17 expression level during blooming process. To further unravel the role of PavTCP17 gene in positively regulating floral bud dormancy, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressed PavTCP17 was obtained by genetic transformation. Compared with the WT, the number of main branches and rosette leaves was significantly reduced in PavTCP17-overexpressing lines. Moreover, the outgrowth of lateral buds of the PavTCP17-overexpressing lines were remarkably inhibited, mirroring the formation of bud dormancy. Furthermore, PavTCP17 might directly bind to PavNCED3 promoter of sweet cherry, suggesting the implication of PavTCP17 in promoting ABA synthesis, which was essential for bud dormancy. Our study bettered the understanding of TCP gene functions and revealed the mechanism by which PavTCP17 positively regulates flower bud dormancy in sweet cherry.

Investigation of the Effects of Potassium on Some Agronomic Traits in Dry Bean Genotypes

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of 5 different doses of potassium (0, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kg da-1) on some yield and important yield components on 6 different dry bean genotypes of bean [Phaseolus vulgaris L.] in Yunak Town – Konya City (TURKIYE) ecological conditions. was made in 2018. The aforementioned research was designed with 3 replications based on "Split Plots in Randomized Blocks Trial Design". According to the results of the research, it has been determined that potassium applications at different doses are statistically significant in terms of emergence time, flowering time, pod setting time, and vegetation period. As a result of the research; the emergence period was 6.33 – 15.67 days, the flowering period 32.00 – 71.67 days, the pod setting time 48.67 – 88.00 days, the vegetation period 84.67 – 118.00 days, the spad value 41.57 – 53.87 spad, number of main branches per plant 2.90 – 5.00, first pod height 9.40 – 18.40 cm, root neck diameter of 4.97 – 31.50 mm, the number of pods per plant varied between 13.30 – 42.00, the number of seeds per pod varied between 3.20 – 5.67 values. When evaluated in general, emergence time, flowering time, pod setting time increased with increasing potassium application, while vegetation time, and first pod height (maximum value at 15 kg da-1 dose) values decreased. In the study, all of the shortest duration values in terms of all phonological observations emerged in the Akkiraz genotype, which was applied at a fertilizer dose of 15 kg da-1. The highest value for the first pod height was determined in the 25 kg da-1 fertilizer dose X Nirvana genotype, the highest pod number value in the 20 kg da-1 fertilizer dose X Nirvana genotype, the highest seed number value in 15 kg da-1 fertilizer dose X Nirvana genotype. For the consistency of the research findings, it can be said that longer-term studies and evaluation of different genotypes in different ecologies are required.

Effect of Spraying with Amino Acids (Tryptophan and Glycine) and Nano-Potassium on some Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Stevia Plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

Researchers from the College of Agriculture at the University of Kerbala in the Karbala province of Iraq used a greenhouse to examine the effects of nano-potassium and the amino acids tryptophan and glycine on the development of the stevia plant and the concentration of its active substances in the local climate. The experiment had three replicates and was carried out using a factorial trial design within a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D). The study had three variables. The first component was tryptophan, with three concentrations (0, 25, and 50 mg. L-1), the second factor was glycine, with three concentrations (0, 500, and 1000 mg. L-1), and the third factor was nano-potassium, with two values (0, and 100 nmol L-1) (0, 2 g. L-1). The findings demonstrated that the variables under study, whether acting separately or in combination, significantly improved all characteristics of vegetative development. The triple interaction treatment (50 mg. L-1 tryptophan + 1000 mg. L-1 glycine + 2 g. L-1 potassium) gave the highest percentages for plant height, number of main branches, leaf dry weight, number of total leaves, and total chlorophyll content, where recorded (89.68 cm, 12.67 main branches. plant-1, 48.43 g. plant-1, 189.09 leaves. plant-1, 12,609 mg. 100 g-1 fresh weight, respectively). It may be concluded that the application of an integrated fertilization program can sustain or enhance stevia production in both quantity and quality under challenging environmental circumstances.

Determination of Agro-Morphological Characteristics of New Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties in Kayseri Conditions

Bu çalışma Kayseri koşullarında yeni nohut (Cicer arietinum L.) çeşitlerinin agro-morfolojik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma 2022 yılında Erciyes Üniversitesi Tarımsal Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezine ait merkez kampüste bulunan deneme alanında, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş ve yürütülmüştür. Denemede kullanılan materyaller 2015-2021 yılları arasında ülkemizde tescil edilen Aslanbey (2016), Atabay (2019), Aydoğan (2018), Bahadır (2019), Çiftçi (2021), Göktürk (2019), Karlı (2018), Nihatbey (2020) ve Tunç (2019) çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre; bitki boyu 37,3-50,0 (cm), ilk bakla yüksekliği 23,0-34,3 (cm), bitkide ana dal sayısı 2,3-3,3 (adet), bitkide bakla sayısı 18.3-31.3 (adet), baklada tane sayısı 0,860-0,980 (adet), bitkide tane sayısı 16,0-30,67 (adet), birim alan tane verimi 207,3-436,67 (kg/da) ve yüz tane ağırlığı 33,00-43,67 (g) değerleri elde edilmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak tane verimi yönünden en yüksek tane verimine sahip olan Atabay ve Aslanbey çeşitleri Kayseri ekolojik koşulları için önerile bilinir.

Genetic Diversity of Agro-morphogenic Traits in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr).

The genetic diversity of agro-morphogenic traits in 14 genotypes of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) were studied in an experiment using a Complete randomizes Design (CRD). Each trait's analysis of variance revealed a substantial difference between genotypes. Multivariate analysis based on thirteen characters of fourteen soybean genotypes was divided into four clusters. The maximum contribution of traits towards diversity was observed by days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of main branches per plant and leaf area index. As a result, these traits could be emphasized during selection of parents for hybridization. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and IV and the maximum intra cluster distance was found in cluster III. Considering group distance and other agro-morphogenic performance, genotypes G1 (BADC SV1) from cluster II, G10 (Asset-95) and G7 (BS-29) from cluster VII, G4 (GMOT-43) and G12 (BADC SV2) from cluster IV found potential for future hybridization program.

Genetic variability for quantitative and quality traits in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

The field experiment comprised of  30 cowpea genotypes were evaluated for genetic variability for important quantitative and quality traits during the Summer 2019 season. Analysis of variance showed that there was  significant differences among the genotypes evaluated for all the characters studied. A  high value of phenotypic coefficient of variation than genotypic coefficient of variation was  observed for all the characters which revealed the influence of environment for phenotypic expression of the traits. High heritability and the high genetic advance were  observed for days to 50% flowering, leaf width, the number of nodes on main stem, the number of main branches, the number of pods per plant, length of pod, the number of seeds per pod, test weight, seed yield per plant, fat content, lignin content and host preference mechanism of pulse beetle on the grain of cowpea indicating that the characters are governed by additive gene action and the characters which can be improved by simple selection. On Mahalanobis D2 statistics, the genotypes were grouped into four clusters. A  maximum number of genotypes was observed in  cluster I with 16 genotypes followed by clusters II and III with 8 genotypes each and cluster IV with solitary genotype. On the basis of divergence classes studied the genotypes viz., PMCP-1021, CP-20, CP-25, CP-26, CP-7, CP-2-1, CP-15, CP-9-1, CP-17, CP-2-1, PCP-1809, PCP-1124, PCP-1123, Phule Rukmini and Phule Pandhari can be used for the further breeding programme.   Keywords: Cowpea, Genetic diversity, Heritability, Genetic advance