Main Addressees Research Articles

Адресация как форма выражения диалогичности в лирике Н. Н. Евсеева

The aim of the paper is to reveal the dialogical nature of addressing in the poems by the little-studied Cossack poet of the Russian émigré community N. N. Evseev (1891-1979). The paper analyzes the components of the paratext space of the writer’s lyrical poetry: titles, dedications, epistles and epigraphs. The main addressees of the most frequent dedications are identified: the Cossack poet N. N. Turoverov, the Soviet officer B. P. Popov, as well as Evseev’s son and mother. The author’s connections with the Tambov region are also analyzed. The scientific novelty of the research lies in shedding light on the dialogical nature of authorial addressing in Evseev’s lyrical poetry, its original cultural and historical context. The results have shown that dedications and epistles in Evseev’s creative work contribute to building a kind of dialogue between the past and the present, the emigrant and the Soviet, the native and the foreign, which is aimed at restoring the national and cultural integrity destroyed by the revolution. It has been found that the poet freely communicates with his addressees in his poems without restrictions in time and space, which also allows him to expand the range of his addressing, as well as to place the necessary semantic emphasis. Dialogism in Evseev’s authorial addressing also contributes to the expression of homesickness characteristic of all emigrants.

Between international academic relations and diaspora policy: rethinking the role of Polish studies abroad

ABSTRACT Poland has undertaken a number of public diplomacy measures to build its credibility on the European and global stage. Initiating and supporting ‘Polish studies’ (research or teaching on Poland-related topics) at foreign universities is considered an increasingly important tool in the process of creating a positive image and increasing knowledge about Poland in the world. In practice, however, the main addressee of these activities is not necessarily the international audience, but the Polish diaspora. Basing on a mix-method research, this paper discusses Poland’s involvement in the development of Polish studies abroad and shows ambiguities of their use by public diplomacy actors.

Partycypacja protestu podczas pandemii COVID-19 w wybranych polskich miastach

The aim of the article is to present the use of the social participation tool, which is a protest in the form of a public assembly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The following research hypothesis was put forward: if citizens express their objections in the form of protests in the urban municipality, their main addressee is the central government, not the local authorities. Research questions focused on the decline in public gatherings and new protests emerging during the pandemic. Four cities were selected for the research: Wrocław, Gdańsk, Lublin and Katowice. In the article was used the institutional-legal, comparative and content analysis methods. The literature on the subject, data from the Public Information Bulletin (BIP) and press articles in the years 2020-2021 were analyzed. The results of the research confirm that the number of assemblies in the analyzed period did not drop significantly, and the protests were largely nationwide rather than local.

Strategie indywidualnego uczenia się i inne charakterystyki studiowania w pierwszej fazie zdalnego nauczania podczas pandemii COVID-19

One aspect of university governance during the Covid - 19 pandemic was the introduction of compulsory distance learning. This set-up required significant modifications in the organisation of the teaching-learning process, becoming an area of reflection in the field of academic didactics. The main addressees of the described educational change were female and male students - entities who chose different paths to achieve their learning goals. The analysis subject of this article is to identify such characteristics as, inter alia, their learning strategies, ways of evaluating online classes or emotions experienced in a learning situation. The pilot studies were carried out in the first phase of introducing remote university teaching, and were done using a unique questionnaire. The theoretical basis of the research was the learning theory of adults, described by M. Knowles, co-creators of the teaching-learning process, selecting methods of action to specific problems. In this article we refer to the description of the strategy (individual learning) according to R. Arends (1998), as well as other issues related to remote university learning, i.e. evaluation of one's own study process, satisfaction with studying and emotions evoked by the necessity to learn remotely. Referring to the research results, the most frequently chosen strategies were those around working with 'written text': highlighting the most important information, creating notes or adding comments in the text. On the other hand, online classes were often of low value for the students. The obtained results also indicate the predominance of negative feelings and states related to anxiety, anger or disappointment with the remote organisation of university work.

Exploring the discourse of enterprise cyber governance in the covid-19 era: a sociosemiotic perspective

Abstract This corpus-based study conducts detailed discourse analysis in the domain of enterprise cyber governance in the covid-19 era, with a self-built corpus containing textual discourse resources from nine typical digital technology companies and a reference corpus containing related official publications of the U.S. and the EU. Employing Fairclough’s three-dimensional model with steps of description, interpretation and explanation as the analytical framework, the authors investigate the discourse construction process for cyber governance in the business environment after the breakout of covid-19 epidemic. Based on theme and sample analysis, it is shown that the main concerns of the enterprise cyber governance discourse in the covid-19 era contain data breaches, information security, products and services, customers’ privacy and cyber espionage, and enterprises utilize a series of discursive strategies to (re)contextualize the linguistic realization. Combined with Halliday’s sociosemiotic theory, certain discursive practices are further explained in the social semiotic system as a whole, including the tenor, field and mode under the context of covid-19 epidemic. The contextual analysis proves that such strategies serve as the channels to legitimate the authority of the addressors (enterprises) over the cybersecurity of the main addressees (customers), which is further realized in certain context (situation), including two types of bidirectional relationships enterprises, customers and governments. The findings confirm that the linkage between a signifier and its signified can be realized by contextualization and (re)contextualization, and certain discourse can be materially realized by integrating the semiotic resources in the broader social context. This interdisciplinary study not only provides valuable insights for the domain of discourse and sociosemiotic studies, but also creates a new approach to the studies of cyber governance in the synchronic context.

How to stop the torture machine? Language and destituent power

ABSTRACT In this paper reling on Agamben’s genealogical endeavour with regard to the concept of oath, I shall try to discuss how he renders the relation between language and the destituent power that will lead me to address ‘the new experience of the word’, namely, pistis (faith), which is placed at the centre of the messianic announcement. In order to open up this point, I will take into consideration Jacques Derrida’s arguments related to faith and language which appear to be one of the main addressees of Agamben’s critical undertaking, even though he is never mentioned in Agamben’s later book The Sacrament of Language, in which he elaborates the contours of the relation between language and pistis. For Derrida the opening of language is based on an oath, a promise of saying ‘yes’ and thus, speaking is an act of faith. However, it is this functioning of language that has to be suspended according to Agamben, since it is this very dispositif that is connected to sovereign power. It is through this suspension the living being who has language may cease to be homo sacer before language and sovereign power.

Subjective public rights and the problem of the certainty of the legal status of the individual

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of perceptions of human rights and freedoms from the understanding of them as “reflexes” of objective law to the recognition of self-sufficient, independent of the establishment in positive law of subjective public rights. At the same time, the author raises the problem of the certainty of the content of subjective public rights: if fundamental rights and freedoms determine the meaning and content of positive law, what determines the content of the rights and freedoms themselves? This problem is dealt with in the article in connection with the justice of fundamental rights and freedoms, the possibility of their direct effect, the generation of rights of new generations (the fourth generation of rights). In the framework of the research, great attention is paid to the works of classics of the theory of human rights and freedoms both in the world legal literature (R. Jering, G. Ellinek, J. Carbonier, M. Kumm, etc.), and Russian legal scholars (B. Kistyakovsky, Yu. Gambarov, Y. Magaziner, etc.). In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the author uses both the popular scientific dialectical method, which allows to understand the ambivalence of understanding of the legal categories under consideration, as well as methods of formal logic, comparative method, system-structural method, etc. As a result of the study, the author concludes that the specific nature of fundamental rights and freedoms lies in the system of addressing them: the State is the main addressee and the obliged person, and special justice is the possibility of direct protection, even in the absence of a sufficiently defined mechanism in legislation by national constitutional courts and inter-State bodies for the protection of human rights. The article provides a brief analysis of the so-called fourth-generation rights, justifies the conclusion that there is a distinction between individual claims, which are the result of the general principle of legal freedom – “permitted, all that is not prohibited” and valid subjective rights. According to the author, a wide range of “somatic rights” put forward in the special literature is essentially such individual claims and closer to the notion of “legal reflex” than a valid subjective right.

Characteristic of legal communication: Addressees of legal acts

While the communicative approach to the law is spread widely today, characteristic of legal communication are still purely described and weakly researched. Linguists and experts in theory of communication are not involved in discourse of legal notions and practice of law, whereas jurists are not ready to step out of this discourse. This article represents an attempt to overcome these difficulties and to find in law necessary parameters (focusing on the figure of addressee), being equipped with the methodology of communication theory. Resuming analysis of the substance and conditions of legal communication, the author concludes that recognized in the contemporary linguistic interaction model of communication with some limits are applied to the legal communication. Law does not suppose that content of legal acts (messages of legal communication) is determined solely by intention and will of addresser. Interpretation of legal acts is an important part of the mechanism of law and it needs active involvement of addressee, though unlike in communication of other types, the addressee cannot enjoy the full freedom of interpretation of text, aliened form the addresser. In law, this would raise a risk of violation the equal protection — fundamental principle of law. Addressees of legal acts are either executors or enforcers of legal prescriptions. Interpretation of enforcers tends to be coordinated and unified, leading to forming of collective enforcing addressee. Anyway, the execution of legal prescriptions is to be volitional and conscious, therefore the executors should keep the role of direct addressees as well, though their interpretation of legal acts will be subordinated to that of enforcers. The non-normative acts in the most cases (excluding non-reception one-sided deals and private applications to public authorities) have one main addressee, while the circle of potential addressees remains indefinite.

Religious Life in the USSR and the Allied Policy of 1943: the Perspective of an American Assumptionist

The article considers one of the aspects of the transformation of the religious policy of the Soviet leaders during the Great Patriotic War. In 1941–1943 one of the main addressees of this policy were the allies of the USSR in the anti-Hitler coalition. The document on which this article is centred reflects the British view of the rapprochement between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Church of England in 1943. It is a report to the Vatican compiled by Fr Leopold Braun AA, Rector of the Catholic parish of St Louis in Moscow. The American priest describes the overall picture of religious and near-religious life in the country from the summer to the autumn of 1943; informs the Holy See of the circumstances of the 1943 Council of the Russian Orthodox Church and the election of Patriarch Sergius; details the visit to Moscow of Archbishop Cyril Garbett of York. Fr Braun emphasises the religious dimension of this visit. He claims that some members of the British diplomatic corps and journalists expected liturgical communion to be established between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Church of England. These assumptions were not confirmed by members of the British delegation, but reflected the sentiments of part of British society.

La educación de Ciro en varias traducciones del primer libro de la Ciropedia. Una lectura dirigida a los jóvenes príncipes

Along 15th and 16th centuries, when the literary genre of the speculum principis has reached its maximum splendor, the portrait created by Xenophon of Cyrus the Elder as the ideal model of ruler, became so relevant that Latin and vernacular versions of the classic work proliferated. Valla, Vintimille and Gracián, who address their translations to future princes (both Valla and Vintimille have children as their main addressees), update the speculum principis the Ciropedia already is, modifying, omitting and amplifying certain passages. In this way, they purify the aspects of Xenophon’s model that they consider inappropriate, both in relation to the education Cyrus receives and to his behavior, and they intervene in the education of the prince.

Development of the corporate social responsibility of industrial enterprises in the Voronezh Region: institutional and organisational aspects

Subject. The current decade has been recognised by the world community as “a decade of decisive actions” aimed at combating numerous social and environmental issues. Solving these problems is impossible without mobilising the efforts of the business community. In this regard, corporate social responsibility (CSR) becomes highly important as well as the issue of integrating its principles into business activities. Since the industrial sector is characterised by the most significant impact on the environment and the local community and involves substantial labour resources, the implementation of CSR by industrial enterprises is of particular interest. Purpose. An analysis and assessment of the prospects for the development of corporate social responsibility among industrial enterprises in the Voronezh Region. Methods. The study involved a quantitative strategy for collecting and analysing information. The empirical basis was data from a survey carried out at 30 industrial enterprises in the Voronezh Region. Results. The empirical study allowed shaping the big picture of how CSR is understood and implemented by industrial enterprises in the Voronezh Region in terms of: the composition of the main CSR programmes and addressees; international and national CSR standards used in the activities and the formation of internal institutions for the CSR development; the nature and forms of interaction between enterprises, the state, and non-profit organisations; and assessing the prospects and barriers to the development of CSR. Conclusions. The social responsibility of non-public regional industrial enterprises remains fragmentary. There is a gap between the actual CSR content, its understanding by the management personnel of enterprises, and the current implementation of social programmes in practice. All activities of industrial enterprises in the field of CSR continue their technical and technological processes or business processes. Enterprises pay little attention to non-production activities. Enterprises are not interested in disclosing information about their activities, reducing any adverse impact they have on the environment, contributing to the sustainability of the territories where they are located, and the formation of civil society. Businesses act as closed systems that exist outside society. In order to develop the CSR of regional industrial enterprises, a set of measures (financial and economic, organisational, informational, and educational) has been proposed, which ensures the relevance of the content of regional industrial policy.

Attitudes of German high school students toward different varieties of English

Abstract In line with international developments in applied linguistics, school curricula in Germany have begun to demand that Global Englishes be included in English Language Teaching. However, the perspectives of German school students, the main addressees of such a shift, are little explored. This article investigates the attitudes to and familiarity with different Englishes among 160 German high school students, using a mix of direct and indirect attitude elicitation methods and a nationality identification task. Informants rated (speakers of) Standard Southern British (StSBrE), Standard American (StAmE), Indian (IndE), German (GerE), and African/Kenyan English (AfrE/KenE). Multivariate analyses revealed that informants are most familiar with StSBrE and StAmE. StSBrE and, to a smaller degree, StAmE are perceived as reference norms, while English as a Second Language (ESL) varieties, especially IndE are rated negatively for competence, professionalism, and intelligibility. Familiarity with specific English as a First/Native Language varieties is linked to more positive attitudes. The observed congruence of directly and indirectly elicited attitudes suggests that changes put forth in language curricula have not influenced language attitudes (yet).

Публичные интернет-дискуссии о вере: проблема эффективности убеждения

Considering effective communication, linguists traditionally focus on the type of the addressee and the conditions of their interaction with the addresser. The paper analyzes some transformations of oral genres on the Internet, including public discussions on the role of Orthodox faith in modern life, the functions of the religion in the spiritual and moral education of the contemporary society and its relation to the scientific breakthroughs of the 21st century. The analysis of video materials shows that their main addressee is the youth audience. Thus, it determines the methods of argumentation chosen in public Internet communication. The YouTube program “I Don’t Believe in God: Talking to an Atheist” has guests of all ages and professions: clergy, scientists and popularizers of science, politicians, journalists, interpreters, doctors, artists, movie critics and bloggers. The speakers are obviously oriented toward the predicted audience, complicates philosophical issues are discussed using real-life examples and involving both logical and emotional arguments. The article also focuses on the relaxed and friendly atmosphere of the conversation. Notably, a lively exchange of opinion boosts the Internet users’ attention and encourages the multidimensional interpretation of the views. A variety of perspectives sparks the youth interest in the discussed issues, facilitates critical thinking, inspires viewers to search for the truth themselves and to form sound judgments on religious faith and atheism. The results of the research may be used to improve students’ public speaking skills.

Revealing gender discourses in the Qurʾān: An integrative, dynamic and complex approach

This study examines the Qurʾān’s view towards gender and argues that all three masculine, feminine and egalitarian (gender-inclusive) discourses exist in its text, and that these discourses do not follow a simple and linear model but rather a nonlinear and complex one. It also provides evidence, showing that gender equality in the Qurʾān is achieved in two ways: firstly, through linguistic devices that are devoid of gender distinctions, and secondly, through concurrent use of masculine and feminine gender markers in one context. The masculine discourse is, however, more prominent in the verses of this book and manifests itself to varying degrees in three ways: (1) in some verses, only masculine indicators are used but it can be inferred based on the (Taghlīb) principle that both men and women are the intended addressees; (2) in some verses, rules regarding women are stipulated, whilst men are, in fact, the main addressees and (3) in verses that state rules on reciprocal issues such as divorce and marriage but these rules are addressed to only men. The feminine discourse is also present in the Qurʾān and can be seen in verses that address women. Contribution: Revealing gender discourses in the Qurʾān requires not only a historical but also an integrative and holistic understanding of its text. This study attempts to identify the relation of the Qurʾān to the three gender discourses based on the linguistic elements of the text and their classification.

Luís da Silveira y la ficción sentimental Naseo e Amperadonia

This study brings together a set of arguments in favour of the attribution of the sentimental novel Naseo e Amperadonia to the poet of the Cancioneiro Geral Luís da Silveira (1483-1534), guarda-mor of prince D. João and future king D. João III, Count of Sortelha, among other titles. This authorship emerges in a copy discovered by H. Sharrer in the Ajuda Library (Ms. 51-VI- 38). The novel had hitherto been considered anonymous and was known only from a copy preserved in a miscellaneous codex so-called “Asensio’s manuscript”. The analysis of the two versions leads us to the conclusion that the Ajuda copy, although made at a later period than Asensio’s copy, conveys an earlier stage of the novel. In the Asensio’s manuscript, the author’s name and the name of the main addressee ( João Rodrigues de Sá de Meneses) were removed; the happy ending to the love story was also amputated. In addition, there are other kind of interventions aimed at stylistic purification in relation to the stage of the text offered in the Ajuda copy. These pages also propose new arguments about the location of the action in the Turkish East in the light of Manueline war campaigns in the East at the time of Silveira, as well as presenting other significant concomitances between the novel and the compositions published in the Cancioneiro Geral by Silveira and his main interlocutor João Rodríguez de Meneses.

К вопросу о теоретических основах регламентации необходимой обороны в уголовном законодательстве

The article considers the problem of creating effective criminal legal guarantees for the natural human rights realization in terms of legal regulation of such a circumstance that precludes the criminality of an act, as a necessary defense. The need for legislative regulation of the justifiable defense institution is proved by its social and legal purpose, proceeding from the idea of natural law. To make balanced legal decisions on the justifiable defense regulation in criminal law, it is necessary to identify the shortcomings of the previous theoretical and legal approaches. Basing on the analysis of the federal legislation provisions and the criminal law doctrine, the author proposes a model of legislative regulation of the studied norm. At the same time, it is argued that the subject of defense is the main addressee of the normative provisions on the justifiable necessary defense, it is he who should be able to obtain full information that affects the assessment of the legitimacy of his behavior: from the law and until the moment of implementation of the act of defense, and not at the stage of investigation on the fact of its illegality. Following the letter and spirit of the Russian Constitution, the legislator, who has defined the range of acts prohibited by the Criminal Code, must determine the ways of exercising the right to defense. The solution to this problem must have a differentiated approach, taking into account the value of the protected good and the typical nature of the situation in which this good is threatened with harm.

The Lithuanian American Cultural Press in English (1950-1990) in the Aspect of the Dissemination of the Lithuanian Identity

The article examines the publication of the cultural press in English by the Lithuanian community in the United States (1950-1990), focusing on the analysis of the need for such a press and its intended addressee. The article is based on the analysis of the content of the mentioned publishing production, works dedicated to the history of the Lithuanian diaspora of this period. By reviewing the research of the Lithuanian press in the USA in the 2nd half of the 20th century, it has to be noticed that this field of research has not yet sufficiently exhausted, although the general research of the Lithuanian diaspora is really abundant. However, they mainly focus on the historical, sociological, literary, linguistic description of the problems of the diaspora and migration. Research on publishing of the Lithuanian diaspora in the Lithuanian language in the early period (end of the 19th century – first half of the 20th century) has been carried out and published in the scientific works of Ass. Prof. Dr. Bronius Raguotis, Prof. Dr. Remigijus Misiūnas. At the end of World War II, the tendencies of the press of other languages of Lithuanians, who chose a forced exile, in the conditions of DP (DP – displaced people) were also presented by Prof. Dr. R. Misiūnas. A detailed analysis of the Lithuanian cultural press published in the German DP camps was presented in the monograph by Prof. Dr. Dalia Kuizinienė. Meanwhile, the press of other languages of Lithuanian communities in both the United States and other foreign countries had not yet reached the attention of researchers. In the presented study, Pierre Bourdieu, a theorist of literary sociology, uses the insights of literature as an important social factor covering all elements of cultural practice and allows for a systematic interpretation of their interrelationships; the approaches of the communication strategy of the Lithuanian American cultural press in English are analyzed. The article presents the main content of the cultural press and the social and cultural environment that formed the background of its creation, as well as the efforts of the creators of the cultural press and the ideological attitudes of the intellectuals and ideological leaders of the community that determined them. The article concludes that the main addressee of this press – members of the US communities, while the main focus of the content is the representation of symbols of the Lithuanian national identity.

«СВОЯ СРЕДИ ЧУЖИХ, ЧУЖАЯ СРЕДИ СВОИХ»: ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИОННЫЕ КОДЫ В МЕМУАРАХ АЙНО КУУСИНЕН

The article discusses the memoirs “The Lord Deposes his Angels” by Aino Kuusinen in the context of the study of genealogy and morphology of Soviet subjectivity. In the Soviet historiography Aino Kuusinen (1886–1970) is known as the wife of the prominent Finnish communist and Soviet politician Otto Ville Kuusinen and as the Comintern staff member. In the middle of 1930s she moved to Japan, where she was supposedly involved in espionage activities for the Soviet Union. From Japan, Kuusinen was summoned to Moscow where she was arrested in 1938 and was in prison until 1955. In 1965, Aino Kuusinen emigrated from the Soviet Union, and wrote her memoirs in German. The first Russian translation was published in 1989. The main addressee of Kuusinen’s memoirs was a Western, primarily Finnish, reader, and in that sense, both a Russian reader and a researcher act as an “unforeseen addressee”, what creates new opportunities for reading and interpretation. The article analyses the main principles of the construction of the author’s “I”, of her identity in ideological, ethnical and gender aspects; how the personal and the socially determined are combined in the identification codes, approved by the author, and in the models of self, constructed in the text as the most notable for the author. The main distinctive feature of Kuusinen’s memoirs as the egodocument is as follows: the narrative of the events of the Soviet epoch (1920–1950s) is presented by “a moral witness (A. Assman), who was inside the Soviet space, but at the same time was in the position of an other; who was in a situation of intercultural transformation or cultural hybridity. This position creates the optics of detachment in describing Soviet life, which is important for understanding the Soviet subject and the time when this subject was formed.

Backstage and frontstage interactions in management accountants' identity work

Using data from an in-depth case study of a manufacturing firm, this paper examines management accountants' efforts to position themselves as business partners. We regard this as an identity project that is influenced not only by operational managers (as the main addressees of business partnering), but also by other organizational actors with whom management accountants (indirectly) interact. Drawing upon Goffman, our study demonstrates how backstage and frontstage interactions with various actors allow management accountants to develop ideational and experimental storyable items, which help them render a vague aspirational identity meaningful. We emphasize the interplay between frontstage and backstage performances and highlight both achievements and experiences of fragility in their identity work. Our paper illuminates not only the micro-dynamics of accountants' identity work; it also shows how the identity project of a particular occupational group is embedded in broader organizational concerns with 'value creation', from which it draws part of its inspiration.

Thomas Carlyle's Calvinist dialogue with the nineteenth-century periodical press

ABSTRACTThis article signals at a dearth of critical engagement with Thomas Carlyle's Presbyterian heritage resulting from the received whiggish narrative of his Calvinism as unenlightened, anachronistic, and backward-looking. It proceeds to challenge this view by examining closely Carlyle's creative use of key Calvinist concepts in his cosmopolitan and enlightened dialogue with the contemporary periodical press over British and European cultures. Carlyle is shown to be an adept purveyor both of the Edinburgh Magazine's enlightened idiom and of Blackwood's morally conservative and artistically cosmopolitan agendas, while also making creative capital of the Anti-Jacobin's powerful Gothic imagery and of the critical verve of the Westminster Review. The main addressees of Carlyle's reading of the signs of the times, I argue, are contemporary Whigs. Carlyle's depiction of Macaulay as a ‘spiritual hippopotamus’ spells Carlyle's broader critique of the modern lack of imagination of the spiritual which sponsors deterministic religious and secular readings of reality. Carlyle displays his enlightened Calvinist perspective in discussing the French Revolution through such key Scottish Enlightenment concepts as free will, conscience, civilisational and moral progress, and divine providence. Insightful and creative use of his inherited Scottish Calvinist heritage characterises Carlyle's open, cosmopolitan reading of the signs of the times.