Liriodendron is a genus of two species of characteristically large deciduous trees in the magnolia family (Magnoliaceae). Two species of Liriodendron are known to exist. Liriodendron tulipifera is native to eastern North America, while L. chinense is native to China and Vietnam. Both species often grow to great size, sometimes exceeding 32 m or 100 feet in height. In Hupeh, a province of China, L. chinense is called “Wo-Chang-Chiu,” which means goosefoot. This is referring to the shape of its leaves [1]. Earlier investigations on the chemical constituents of stems of L. chinense dealt with several alkaloids and sesquiterpenes [1, 2]. The chemical constituents of leaves of L. chinense have not yet been reported. This study deals with the isolation of chemical constituents from the leaves of L. chinense. To further understand the chemotaxonomy and to continue searching for biologically and chemically novel agents from Magnoliaceous plants [3], the leaves of L. chinense were chosen for further phytochemical investigation. The MeOH extract of its plants were subjected to solvent partitioning and chromatographic separation to afford 16 pure substances. The chemical constituents in the plants of L. chinense were separated by column chromatography. Investigation of the MeOH extract of the plants led to the isolation of 16 compounds, seven alkaloids: (–)-anonaine (1) [4], (+)-remerine (2) [5], (–)-asimilobine (3) [4], (–)-nornuciferine (4) [6], (–)-caaverine (5) [6], liriodenine (6) [4], and atherospermidine (7) [4]; two sesquiterpene lactones: epitulipinolide diepoxide (8) [7] and 11,13-dehydrolanuginolide (9) [8]; two lignans: (+)-syringaresinol (10) [9] and (+)-liriodendrin (11) [10]; three benzenoids: syringin (12) [1], syringaldehyde (13) [11], and syringic acid (14) [11]; one cyclitol: liriodendritol (15) [1]; and one steroid: -sitosterol (16) [4]. These compounds were obtained and characterized by comparison of their physical and spectral data (UV, IR, NMR, and MS) with values obtained in the literature. In addition to 7, 11, 15 and 16, all of these compounds were found for the first time from this species [1, 2]. The specimen of L. chinense was collected from Chiayi County, Taiwan in May, 2010. A voucher specimen was characterized by Dr. Jin-Cherng Huang of the Department of Forest Products Science and Furniture Engineering, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan and deposited in the School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan. The air-dried leaves of L. chinense (0.4 kg) were extracted with MeOH (50 L 5) at room temperature, and the MeOH extract (11.2 g) was obtained upon concentration under reduced pressure. The MeOH extract was chromatographed over silica gel using CH2Cl2–MeOH as eluent to produce six fractions. Part of fraction 2 (2.75 g) was subjected to silica gel column chromatography by eluting with n-hexane–acetone (60:1) to furnish five fractions (2-1–2-5). Fraction 2-3 (0.55 g) was further purified on another silica gel column using n-hexane–acetone (12:1) to obtain syringin (12) (6 mg). Part of fraction 3 (3.11 g) was subjected to silica gel column chromatography by eluting with n-hexane–acetone (50:1), then enriched with acetone to furnish three fractions (3-1–3-3). Fraction 3-1 (1.31 g) eluted with n-hexane–EtOAc (30:1) was further separated using silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC (n-hexane–EtOAc, 10:1) to give -sitosterol (16) (37 mg). Fraction 3-2 (0.62 g) was further purified on a silica gel column using CH2Cl2–MeOH system to obtain syringaldehyde (13) (3 mg), syringic acid (14) (2 mg), and (+)-syringaresinol (10) (11 mg). Fraction 3-3 (0.33 g) eluted with n-hexane–acetone was further separated using silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC (n-hexane–EtOAc, 6:1) to give liriodenine (6)