Magnetohydrodynamic Carreau Fluid Research Articles

Dynamical steady Carreau fluid with heat generation and porosity effect in a suspension of hybrid solid and dust particles

Hybrid nanofluid is a superior working fluid that is considered as appropriate for variety of applications, including machine cutting, engine applications, automobile cooling, photovoltaic thermal management, electronic component thermal management, and solar collectors. With the motivation these application, magneto hydrodynamic Carreau fluid is explored in this study when graphene and titanium hybrid nanoparticles with heat generation and porosity are taken into account. Titanium alloy nanoparticles combined with base water are used to simulate the process. Titanium is utilized in the military and aerospace because it is strong and lightweight. It is also employed in biology as an anti-microbial, anti-biotic, and anti-fungal agent. The ensuing collection of governing equations (P.D.E.) is changed into an assortment of O.D.E. with the use of an appropriate similarity transformation. This O.D.E. is then solved by implementing the Runge-Kutta shooting method. Graphs have been used to study variation behavior accurately. Local Nusselt number and Friction factor were examined for different kinds of physical factors. We concluded after the debate that, the influence of porosity or heat generating parameter improves temperature profile. When porosity effect is applied, velocity profile is reduced, and temperature profile is increased by amplifying porosity effect.

Multi-physics modeling of magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow with thermal radiation and Darcy–Forchheimer effects: a study on Soret and Dufour phenomena

Multi-physics modeling of magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow with thermal radiation and Darcy–Forchheimer effects: a study on Soret and Dufour phenomena

Convective Heat Transfer in Magneto-Hydrodynamic Carreau Fluid with Temperature Dependent Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity.

This study is aimed to explore the magneto-hydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow over a stretching/shrinking surface with a convectively heated boundary. Temperature-dependent variable thermophysical properties are utilized to formulate the problem. The flow governing equations are obtained with boundary layer approximation and constitutive relation of the Carreau fluid. The shooting method is utilized to obtain graphical and numeric outcomes. Additionally, initial guesses are generated with the help of Newton's method. The effect of Weissenberg number, Magnetization, stretching ratio, Prandtl number, suction/blowing parameter, and Lewis number is obtained on velocity, temperature and species continuity profile and analyzed. Shear stress rates and Nusselt number outcomes under body forces influences are present in tabulated data and discussed. It is observed that in absence of magnetization force, B = 0 and strong mass suction 5≤S≤7.5 effect high rates of Nusselt number is obtained. It is concluded that under the influence of power law index and non-linearity parameter maximum heat transfer and reduced shear stress rates are obtained.

Second law analysis of MHD Carreau fluid flow through a microchannel with thermal radiation

The present work projects on constructing a Carreau fluid to investigate the entropy rate for a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) steady fluid flow in a micro-channel. The second law of thermodynamics and rheological expressions of Carreau fluid are considered. This theoretical study is relevant to a microchannel heat sink, a microchannel heat exchanger, a microwave amplifier manufacturing process, medicine, renewable energies, polymer extrusion, nuclear reactors, fiber production refrigeration, and electrical cooling. The numerical simulations were computed with the Finite element method. The graphical illustrations were constructed to examine the effect of various physical quantities for entropy, Bejan number, velocity, and temperature conditions. Simulated results show that entropy and Bejan number (Be) have the escalating behavior of the magnetic parameter.

Numerical approach for enhanced mass transfer of Bio-convection on Magneto-hydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow through a nonlinear stretching surface

The present study deals with an investigation of steady two dimensional flow of Carreau fluid covering both the motile microorganism and nanoparticles through a nonlinear stretching surface. The idea of microorganisms is implied just to stabilize suspended nanoparticles by convection. The governing PDEs (partial differentiable equations) are transform set of nonlinear ODEs (ordinary differentiable equations) using suitable similarity transformation. The higher order nonlinear differential equation is solved by using Runge-Kutta-Felhberg method with shooting technique. The performance of fluid microorganism density, concentration, temperature, velocity in different values of physical parameters are scrutinized. Here the numerical results are presented through graphs and tables. Numerical values of skin friction, local Nusselt, Sherwood and local density numbers are analyzed. This study is relevant to navel microorganisms using few technologies combining with the Nano fluid with Bio-convection.

Influence of non-uniform heat source / sink on the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow past a stretching surface with modified Fourier’s law

The combined influence of heat and mass transfer on the boundary layer flow of Carreau fluid across a bidirectional stretching surface has many applications such as heat exchangers, transportation, making of paper plates, fibre coating, and some metal-working procedures in engineering and industrial applications. In this paper, we present a three-dimensional (3D) numerical study on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Carreau fluid flow driven by a stretching surface influenced by heat and mass transfer. This examination further sees the impacts of variable thermal conductivity, Joule heating, irregular heat source / sink and chemical reaction. The improved Fourier’s model is considered in view of the response of heat transfer. The flow equations are transformed into dimensionless equations with suitable similarity transformations. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta-based shooting method is used to resolve the converted nonlinear coupled equations. Influences of various physical aspects on the flow fields are shown through graphs and friction factor, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are presented in a separate table. The results predict that the fluid temperature is an escalating factor of the thermal relaxation parameter and Eckert number. Also, the rates of thermal and mass transport and the Weisenberg numbers are proportional to each other.

Analysis of two dimensional Carreau fluid flow due to normal surface condition: A generalized​ Fourier’s and Fick’s laws

In this work, we address the thermal and concentration diffusions of magneto-hydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow induced due to a stretching cylinder along with chemical reaction and zero normal flux condition. The energy and concentration expressions are combined with new theories of heat and mass diffusions (Cattaneo–Christov), which is improve form of Fourier’s and Fick’s laws. The additional terms of thermal and concentration relaxation times are added in Cattaneo–Christov double diffusions. Similarity methodology is employed to moderate the governing PDEs (partial differential equations) into the nonlinear ODEs (ordinary differential equations) which are solved using RK-4 based shooting technique. The remarkable results for velocity, concentration, temperature distributions are established by graphs. Plots and tables presenting influence of friction factor, local heat and mass transfer rate are also examined. It is seen that the temperature distribution increases by enhancing thermophoresis parameter, while reduces with increase values of Prandtl number, Brownian motion and curvature parameter. Moreover, the velocity profile increases with increase values of curvature parameter, Weissenberg number and power law index. The computational results are also compared with current data for limiting cases and good agreement is found.

Theoretical analysis of MHD Carreau liquid over a heated rotating disk under Von-Karman transformations

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to perform an analytical approximation for the flow of magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid with the association of nanoparticles over a rotating disk. The disk is moving with a constant uniform speed. Governing equations are obtained by using these assumptions in the form of partial differential equations with boundary conditions. These coupled, highly nonlinear equations are transformed into a coupled system of ordinary differential equations by engaging similarity transformation in the rotating frame of reference.Design/methodology/approachAn efficient and reliable scheme, namely optimal homotopy asymptotic method, is used to obtain the solutions of the arising physical problem, which is further analyzed graphically. After computing the solutions of the arising problem, plots of velocities, temperature and concentration are discussed briefly.FindingsIt has been observed that dimensionless velocity reduced due to magnetic effect between the boundary layer and escalating values of the magnetic parameter upsurges the temperature and concentration profiles. Contour plots and numerical results are given for local numbers like skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number.Originality/valueThe work presented in this manuscript is neither published nor submitted anywhere for the consideration/publications. It is a novel work.

Comparative Study on MHD CARREAU Fluid Due to Stretching/Shrinking Surface in Suspension of Dust and Graphene Nanoparticles

In this investigation, we compared the effect of unsteady magneto hydrodynamic Carreau fluid in the interruption of graphene nanoparticles with heat generation over stretching and shrinking surface. The simulation is performed by combination of graphene nanoparticles into base water. Dispersion of graphene nanoparticles into base fluid finds several applications, such as biosensors, detection and purification of cancer cells, biocompatibility, and bio-imaging. The arising set of dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) is converted into a set of non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by suitable similarity transformations, and then solved by the help of Runge-Kutta with shooting technique. The numerical results for non-dimensional velocity and temperature are displayed with graphs. We also analyzed the physical quantities (friction factor and local Nusselt number) for various values of non-dimensional physical parameters mathematically, and they are presented through tables. We also compared the present results with existing literature under some limited case. At the end of our analysis, we noted that radiation amplifies temperature profiles of both stretching and shrinking sheet cases. But, compared to shrinking sheet stretching sheet gains higher values. Heat generation parameter enriches temperature profiles in both stretching and shrinking sheets; compared to stretching sheet, shrinking sheet gains higher values.

Melting Heat Transfer in Magnetohydrodynamic Carreau Fluid over a Thermally Stratified Parabolic Surface

In this paper, we theoretically analyzed the effects of non-uniform heat source/sink on the magnetohydrodynamic dissipative flow of a Carreau fluid towards a thermally stratified melting surface of the paraboloid of revolution. Exponential heat source along with the temperature dependent thermal conductivity and viscosity are taken into account. The representing differential conditions are changed into an arrangement of non-straight coupled ODE’s and solved by employing the R-K with shooting system. Numerical arrangements are obtained from the flow, temperature profiles of various parametric values and after that domino effect are exhibited graphically and also a friction factor and local Sherwood number of various physical parameters are demonstrated graphically and in tabular form. Boosting values of the Weissenberg number increase both the velocity and thermal profiles of Carreau fluid. Rising values of velocity power law index parameter depreciate both the flow and local Sherwood number.

Carreau fluid over a radiated shrinking sheet in a suspension of dust and Titanium alloy nanoparticles with heat source.

This study explores the magneto hydrodynamic Carreau fluid in the interruption of titanium alloy nanoparticles with heat generation and porosity. The simulation is performed by combination of titanium alloy nanoparticles into base water. Titanium is strong and light in weight and sit is used in military and aerospace, in bio science it is used as anti-microbial, anti-biotic, and anti-fungal agents. The arising set of partial differential equations (P.D.E) are converted into set of ordinary differential equation (O.D.E) using suitable similarity transformation and then solved by the help of Runge-Kutta with shooting method technique. The computational results for non-dimensional temperature and velocity are presented with graphs. We analyzed the numerical values of physical quantities (friction factor and local Nusselt number) for various values physical parameters and they are presented in tables. We also compared the current result with existing result under some limited cases. At end of our analysis we notified that the temperature profiles are enriched with increasing values of heat generation and porosity parameter.

Unsteady Flow of Carreau Fluid in a Suspension of Dust and Graphene Nanoparticles With Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux

Abstract This is a theoretical exploration of the magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid in a suspension of dust and graphene nanoparticles. Graphene is a two-dimensional single-atom thick carbon nanosheet. Due to its high thermal conductivity, electron mobility, large surface area, and stability, it has remarkable material, electrical, optical, physical, and chemical properties. In this study, a simulation is performed by mixing of graphene + water and graphene + ethylene glycol into dusty non-Newtonian fluid. Dispersion of graphene nanoparticles in dusty fluids finds applications in biocompatibility, bio-imaging, biosensors, detection and cancer treatment, in monitoring stem cells differentiation, etc. Graphene + water and graphene + ethylene glycol mixtures are significant in optimizing the heat transport phenomena. Initially arising set of physical governing partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the assistance of similarity transformations. Consequential highly nonlinear ODEs are solved numerically through Runge–Kutta Fehlberg scheme. The computational results for nondimensional temperature and velocity profiles are presented through graphs. Additionally, the numerical values of friction factor and heat transfer rate are tabulated numerically for various physical parameter obtained. We also validated the present results with previous published study and found to be highly satisfactory. The formulated model in this study reveals that heat transfer rate and wall friction is higher in mixture of graphene + ethylene glycol when compared to graphene + water.

Effectiveness of radiation and Joule heating on hydromagnetic Carreau fluid through microfluidic channels with slip boundary conditions

In the present article, the fundamental flows (such as both the plates are moving in the opposite directions, lower plate is moving with constant velocity and other is at rest, and both the plates are moving in the direction of the flow) of magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid with slip boundary conditions have been considered. The effects of radiation and Joule heating are also considered in the energy equation. The physical situation is carried out in Cartesian coordinate system in all the mentioned problems. Using appropriate non-dimensional quantities, the governing differential equations have been non-dimensionalized. The approximate analytical solutions of the non-dimensional system of differential equations have been presented using regular perturbation method. It is observed from our investigation that, the velocity decreases with increasing values of magnetic parameter, the trend is reversed in the case of applied constant pressure gradient. The temperature is an increasing function of Brinkman number and radiation parameter.

Analysis of Arrhenius activation energy in magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow through improved theory of heat diffusion and binary chemical reaction

In this work, we addressed the characterization of stagnation-point Carreau fluid flow induced due to stretching of chemically reactive surface. The energy expression is incorporated with a new theory of heat diffusion named Cattaneo-Christov, which is an advanced form of Fourier’s heat flux formula. The additional term of thermal relaxation time is arisen in Cattaneo-Christov model of heat diffusion. We considered modified Arrhenius energy function with chemical reaction effect. The theory of boundary layer is employed to govern the mathematical phenomenon. The ordinary differential system is obtained by the implementation of suitable similarity variables. The governing system of mathematical expressions is solved by using Runge–Kutta based MATLAB bvp4c package. The derived solutions are sketched for various values of physical constraints on quantities of interest. A comparative study is presented for validating the results. It is found that the larger value of the thermal relaxation parameter act as non-conductor. It also noted that the destructive binary reaction is favorable to enhance the species concentration.

A computational analysis on homogeneous-heterogeneous mechanism in Carreau fluid flow

Abstract In this article magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow towards stretching cylinder is considered in the presence of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions effect. The flow model is structured by utilizing theoretical grounds. For the numerical solution a shooting method along with Runge-Kutta algorithm is executed. The outcomes are provided through graphs. It is observed that the Carreau fluid concentration shows decline values via positive iterations of homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction parameters towards both shear thinning and thickening case. The present work is certified through comparison with already existing literature in a limiting sense.

Heat transfer analysis of Blasius and Sakiadis flow of MHD Radiated Carreau fluid with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux

A theoretical investigation is performed for studying the flow of heat transfer features of Sakiadis and Blasius flow of magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid with thermal radiation. We also considered the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model to control the heat transfer phenomena. Numerical solutions are carried out Runge-Kutta based Shooting technique. The effects of various governing parameters on the flow quantities are demonstrated graphically. Also, calculated the friction factor coefficient and local Nusselt numbers for the various non-dimensional governing parameters such as radiation parameter, magnetic field parameter, power index parameter and thermal relaxation parameter. We found that the thermal relaxation and thermal radiation parameters are help to improve the rate of heat transfer.

Computational analysis of plane and parabolic flow of MHD Carreau fluid with buoyancy and exponential heat source effects

This paper presents the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic Carreau fluid flow over a plane and parabolic regions in the form of buoyancy and exponential heat source effects. Soret and Dufour effects are used to examine the heat and mass transfer process. The system of ODE's is obtained by utilizing similarity transformations. The RK-based shooting process is employed to generate the numerical solutions. The impact of different parameters of interest on fluid flow, concentration and thermal fields is characterized graphically. Tabular results are presented to discuss the wall friction, reduced Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. It is seen that the flow, thermal and concentration boundary layers of the plane and parabolic flows of Carreau fluid are non-uniform.