Magnetized Water Research Articles

Effect of magnetized water characteristics on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete

The use of magnetized water in concrete has significant effects on the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. This study investigates the effects of both water flow rate into an electromagnetic field (Q) and magnetic field intensity (MFI) on the properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). To this end, four base SCC mixes with water-to-cement ratios (W/C) of 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5 were prepared using either tap or magnetized water. In the mixes with magnetized water, water was passed with different Q (9, 18, and 27 L/min) through electromagnetic field with different MFI (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 T) to be magnetized. The dosage of superplasticizer for each of the 52 mixes was adjusted to obtain a spread diameter of 650 ± 10 mm. Results showed that using magnetized instead of tap water increased concrete workability and improved the mechanical properties of SCC. The most positive effects of magnetized water were observed for MFI = 1.2 T and Q = 9 L/min so that superplasticizer consumption reduced by up to 34.1%. Moreover, compressive, bending, and tensile strengths of the concrete thus prepared increased by up to 34.1%, 52.4%, and 74.2%, respectively, despite the identical W/C ratios of the mixes.

Effects of treated water with neodymium magnets (NdFeB) on growth characteristics of pepper <em>(Capsicum annuum)</em>

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetic water treatment on growth characteristics of pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants. One week old pepper plants were selected and divided into four groups in a complete randomized design. In our study, we took normal tap water and divided it into four parts. The first group received given non-magnetically treated water (as a control), while the remaining groups received magnetized water at 3, 6, and 9 magnets, respectively. Four pipes and 18 permanent magnets with a flux density of 70 mT were used for this system. The results of the current study showed that magnetized water caused significant increases in all studied parameters, except plant length and dry weight, when compared to non-magnetized water. The results revealed that magnetizing water with 6 magnets was effective than others in increasing the number of fruits and leaves per plant, whereas magnetizing water with 9 magnets was effective than others in increasing the fresh weight of produces fruits. The impact of magnetic water treatment depends on the number of magnets used to magnetizing water. It appears that the utilization of magnetically treated water can lead to improving the quantity and quality of pepper fruits. Therefore, applying magnetized water could be one of the most promising ways to enhance agricultural production in an environmentally friendly way.

Effect of fertilization and irrigation with magnetic water on the productivity of marjoram plant

This research was conducted at the National Research Center greenhouse ring two consecutive seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015, in order to study the effect of irrigation water types (tap water, magnetized water) and levels of ammonium sulfate (0, 7, and 14 g / pot) and their interaction, on the vegetative growth and oil production of marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.) plant. The results showed that marjoram plants responded significantly to the different types of irrigation, as well as nitrogen fertilization and their interaction. Irrigation by magnetized water showed that a significant increase in vegetative growth; i.e. plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weights of herb, stem, leaves and roots per plant and root length. Using nitrogen fertilizer rates gave significant increases in vegetative growth parameters, where the best treatment one was 14 g/pot. As for the interaction between types of irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer rates, data showed that plants irrigated with magnetized water with addition of ammonium sulfate at a rate of 14 g/pot recorded the highest values ​​of the attributes of vegetative growth, production of oil, major compounds of oil and chemical components of marjoram plant. Magnetic water treatment with the addition of 14 g / pot ammonium sulfate recorded 43.38% of the terpineol-4-ol (the main compound of the oil), while irrigation with tap water recorded 26.41%. Also this treatment increased some compounds of marjoram oil percent; such as α-myrcene, α-terpinene, α-phellandrene, C-terpinene, α –terpinolene, L-linalool, α-terpineol and linalyl acetate with mean values of 1.08, 5.91, 1.13, 12.45, 2.40, 3.48, 3.53 and 6.35 compared to tap water treatment, which gave 0.89, 4.31, 1.08, 8.81, 1.91, 2.64, 2.97 and 5.66 for these components; respectively. The obtained results also indicated the possibility of obtaining the highest values ​​of chemical constituents such as total carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages when plants were irrigated with magnetized water with the addition of ammonium sulfate at a rate of 14 g / plant under the conditions of the experiment.

Effect of Magnetic Water on Semen Evaluation and Some Hatchability Traits for Egyptian Developed Chickens

A total of 280 females with 28 males for Silver Sabahia strain at two different ages (35 and 50 weeks) were used in this study. Besides, 40 cocks (10 cocks / group) used for semen evaluation. Birds of each age were divided into two groups, the 1st group drank water exposed to magnetic field (MFW) and the 2nd group drank non-magnetic tap water (TW) to determine the beneficial effect of drinking magnetized water for aged chickens to cope low fertility% and hatchability%, besides studying semen and egg parameters, embryonic development and chick quality. Supplementation elder cocks with MFW significantly increased semen volume, number of motile sperm and number of live sperm compared with those for untreated cocks. Treated old flock with magnetic water had a heavier egg weight (p≤0.05) than treated young flock with magnetic water. MFW X old and MFW X young had a comparable influence on egg weight loss, embryonic mortality, fertility% and hatchability%. On day 14 and 18 of incubation, supplementation older birds with MFW water had a heavier residual yolk sac weight% compared with the other rest groups. At hatch, the residual yolk sac weight% was similar between MFW X old and MFW X young. In addition, chick weight and all internal organs weight% were not affected by interaction of both types of water and hens age. It is concluded that exposing water to magnetic field, have a stimulating influence on the percentages of fertility and hatchability of birds (especially older age) through improving semen and egg qualities, besides stimulating the development of embryogenesis.

Expression of concern: Metal- and catalyst-free, one-pot, three-component synthesis of propargylamines in magnetized water: experimental aspects and molecular dynamics simulation

Expression of concern for ‘Metal- and catalyst-free, one-pot, three-component synthesis of propargylamines in magnetized water: experimental aspects and molecular dynamics simulation’ by Mohammad Bakherad et al., New J. Chem., 2018, 42, 4559–4566, DOI: 10.1039/C7NJ03471G.

Effectiveness of magnetized water and 0.2% chlorhexidine as a mouth rinse in children aged 12-15 years for plaque and gingivitis inhibition during 3 weeks of supervised use: A randomized control study.

Chlorhexidine mouth rinse, a 'Gold Standard'effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis, has some drawbacks like bitter taste, light brown staining of teeth etc. limiting its long-term use. Magnetized water is alkaline and inhibits the bonding process between plaque and teeth by "magnetohydrodynamic". Aim: To compare and evaluate effectiveness of magnetized water and 0.2% chlorhexidine as a mouth rinse in children aged 12-15 years for plaque and gingivitis inhibition during 3 weeks of supervised use. Settings and Design: This was a double blinded randomized control clinical study, carried out at a non-government high school. Methods:A total of 20 children aged 12-15 years were randomized into two groups, magnetized water and 0.2% chlorhexidine, each comprising of 10 children who were asked to rinse with the respective mouthwash. Plaque index (PI) scoresand gingival (GI) scoreswere evaluated at baseline, 2 weeks and at 3 weeksfor each child. Statistical analysis: Independent sample t test and paired sample t test were used to check the mean differences. Result: A statistically significant difference was found in reduction of mean PI and GI scores of magnetized water (p=0.0001) and Chlorhexidine groups(p=0.0001) both at 14 days (2 weeks) and at 21 days (3 weeks) with no adverse effects. Conclusion: Daily use of magnetized water as a mouth rinse was safe andeffective alternative to chlorhexidinein plaque and gingivitis reduction, which supplemented the benefits of daily toothbrushing in children.

Inductive Experimental Study of Corrosion Products of Medium Carbon Steel CK45 Hardened by Magnetized Water

This paper concerns the inductive experimental study of corrosion products of the medium carbon steel CK45DIN using magnetized water as hardening media, where the water has been exposed to a magnetic field of 1000 Gauss and 2000 Gauss, respectively, for time durations of 1 to 5 hours, with a volumetric flow rate of 4 gal/min. Medium carbon steel CK45DIN samples were exposed to air as corrosive environment for reasonable time interval, and the corrosion product was weighed in order to determine the loss of weight. The results showed that the corrosion rate of all samples decreased as the experiment progresses over time. Corrosion resistance of the medium carbon steel CK45DIN increased when we raised its temperature to 870°C for 40 minutes and hardened by magnetized water applied in a magnetic field with a strength of 1000 Gauss for 3 hours as compared with the sample hardened by normal water.

Impacts of magnetic water treatment on water quality, feeding efficiency and growth performance of common carp in integrated recirculating aquaculture systems

An integrated recirculating aquaculture system (IRAS) is considered as an alternative solution for efficient utilization of available resources, nutrient recycling and maintaining ecological balance. The effects of using magnetized water on the growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and water quality parameters were investigated in an IRAS. Six independent IRASs were designed; each system consisted of three tanks: a fish rearing tank, a waste-collection tank and a biological filter tank. An additional crop of macrophyte (Lemna minor) was used as a medium in the biological filter tanks in order to qualify as an IRAS. Two treatments with three replicates were set up in a randomized design. The experimental treatment was supplied with the magnetic field device, while there was no device in the control treatment. The fish growth, feeding efficiency and water quality parameters were measured in all systems. The results revealed that the use of magnetized water in the IRASs increased the specific growth rate of common carp and the growth rate of plants; while, decreased the feed conversion ratio. However, the magnetized water had no effects on the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The study suggested that the use of magnetized water in the IRASs could be beneficial as a cost-effective technique to increase the profitability of the system.

Expression of concern: Metal-free green synthesis of aryl amines in magnetized distilled water: experimental aspects and molecular dynamics simulation

Expression of concern for ‘Metal-free green synthesis of aryl amines in magnetized distilled water: experimental aspects and molecular dynamics simulation’ by Mohammad Bakherad et al., Green Chem., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/D0GC01329C.

Optical properties of water under the action of the electromagnetic field in the infrared spectrum

The current paper outlines the optical properties of magnetized water compared to other types of water: distilled water and tap water. Tap water was exposed to a weak electromagnetic field (40 nT) for 20 min of circulation at two rates: 0.18 and 0.6 m s−1. The effect of the electromagnetic field on changes in the optical properties of magnetized water (MW) compared to distilled water (DW) and tap water (TW) was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy to gain insight into the atomic and molecular structure of the water molecule. The absorbance and transmission of magnetized water in the IR spectrum are different from those of TW and DW, especially in the wavelengths: 3310 cm−1 and 600 cm−1. The width of the OH band of different types of water increases with the intensity of electromagnetic induction and its peak shifts weakly towards low wave numbers. Both phenomena are attributed to the effect of the electromagnetic field on the increase of intermolecular bonds between water molecules which strengthens their structure.

Effect of physicochemical parameters on magnetic treatment of water

The main objective of this work is to offer a new knowledge of the water magnetism phenomenon, indeed the present study focused on the search of the most decisive parameters, which influence the process of magnetization of water. The main parameters studied in the present paper are the temperature, the salinity, the pH and the linear flow speed of the water. The increases of temperature, water velocity or salinity extend the magnetization time, however the variation of pH does not have any influence. The outcomes of this work will be very helpful for engineers in agriculture and other industrial fields to a better use of magnetized water (MW).

STUDY OF COMBINED MAGNETIZED WATER AND SALINITY ON SOIL PERMEABILITY IN NORTH OF IRAN

The leaching of salts through facilitating the permeability process is very important for irrigation systems planning. The negative effect of soil compaction on plant growth is an integration of multidirectional influences, such as the reduction of aeration to the roots. This research was done at Babolsar city, Mazandaran province, Iran to investigate the effect of magnetized water and different irrigation water salinity treatments on cumulative and final infiltration rate and soil electrical conductivity. The experimental treatments include magnetized and non-magnetized irrigation water, different level of irrigation water salinity (0.58 dSm-1, 6.5 dSm-1, and 13 dSm-1) and variable soil texture (loamy-sand, loam, and clay). The factorial experiment was conducted with a complete randomized block design with three replications. Magnetized water was obtained by passing the water via a strong magnetic field installed on the irrigation pipeline. The results exposed that the effects of soil texture and magnetized irrigation water on the final infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration were significant (P

The effect of magnetized water on the growth and some biochemical parameters of squash (Cucurbita pepo) plants under toxicity of herbicide trifluralin

The effect of magnetized water on the growth and some biochemical parameters of squash (Cucurbita pepo) plants under toxicity of herbicide trifluralin

Catalyst-free, a Green, and Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthenes in Magnetized Water

In this paper, we report the catalyst-free three-component synthesis of 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthenes in magnetized water as a green solvent. The reaction of aldehydes and 1,3-cyclohexanedione/dimedone in magnetized water gives the 9-substituted 1,8-dioxooctahydroxanthene derivatives. This green method offers the advantages of short reaction times, low-cost, simple work-up procedure, quantitative reaction yields, and no need for an organic solvent.

Impact of Magnetic Water on Soil Fertility and Faba Bean Productivity under Reducing Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates in Salt aAffected Soils.

This study aims to optimize of P fertilizers unit and alleviation soil salinity stress using irrigation with magnetic water. Two field trial using faba bean (Vicia faba L.; Variety Giza 843), were conducted at Agricultural Experimental Research Station of Tag El-ezz, Agricultural Research Centre, El-Mansoura Province, El-Dakhalia Governorate, Egypt during two successive winter seasons of 2015/16 and 2016/17. The experiment treatments were included two irrigation water treatment (normal and magnetized water) and three doses of P fertilizers (50, 75 and 100% from recommended P application). The two factors were layout in split plot design with three replicates, where the water and P fertilizers treatments were located randomly in the main and subplot respectively. The obtained results indicated that irrigation faba bean plants with magnetic-water treatment surpassed significantly irrigation with un-magnetized water under all dosses of P fertilizers in all recorded parameters except N and Na concentration in soil. Regarding irrigation with magnetic water, the increasing reached 21.45, 24.24 and 40.17% in plant height (cm), fresh plant weight (g) and seed yield (g plant-1) at harvest compared to irrigation with un-magnetized water of both seasons. As well as the improvements in concentration of N, P and K, Ca and Mg in seeds reached 19.01, 79.59, 49.43, 22.18, and 10.06 % respectively compared to irrigation with un-magnetized water. Finally, irrigation with magnetic water and P fertilizer at rate of 100% from recommended application is considered as most suitable treatment for obtaining the highest yield of faba bean under these experimental conditions.

IMPACT OF BIO-FERTILIZER, MAGNETIZED WATER AND SALINITY ON COMMON BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) PLANT

This study was carried out as a pots experiment at a privet greenhouse of El-Emam El-hussin village, El-Delengat area, Behara Governerate Egypt to study the individual and combined treatment of salinity levels of irrigation water (300,700 and 1900 mg L-1),applying magnetic technique (un-and magnetized water) and biofertilization (without and with) on growth,root nodules formation and macro nutrients (N,P and K) contents of pea plants grown in clay and sandy soils at two growth periods. To the aims of this study, Two soils varied in their physical and chemical properties were used in this study. The first soil was clay which taken from Gzeerit El-Hagar, El-Shohada, Minoufiya Governorate, and the second was sandy soil which taken from El-Emam El-Hussin village, El-Delengat area, Behaira Governorate. Initial physical and chemical properties for the two soils were done. Also, three resources of irrigation water of Behaira Governorate varied in their salinity levels. The first one IW1 representing Nile water 300 mg/L taken from El-Emam El-Hussin village, ElBustan, El-Delengate, the second IW2 have salinity level of 700 mg L-1 representing ground water taken from the same village of the first resource. The third resources IW3 have a salinity level of 1900 mg L-1 representing also ground water of El-Tahawy village, Wadi El-Natroun. These three resources of irrigation water were magnetized by passing through a magnetic field (1000 Gows). The chemical composition of un-and magnetized irrigation water was done. In addition, pea plants was used as a test plant was used as biofertilizer on two (800 g/fedane). The first one was added in powder form on the seeds (method) before planting, but the second was added in liquid form with irrigation water after 20 days of planting.The layout of the experiment was a split-plot design of each soil in six replicates with the main plots arranged in a randomized completely block design. After 45 days of planting, the plants of each pot (one plant) was taken and divided into roots and shoots. Root nodules formed were counted and recorded. Fresh and dry weights of shoots were measured. Also, shoots content of N, P and K were determined. At harvesting stage, the plants of other three replicates were taken and divided into straw and seeds. Dry matter yields of straw and seeds were measured as well as their contents of N,P and K were determined.

COMBINED EFFECT OF SALINE AND MAGNETIZED WATER AND BIOFERTILIZER ON NODULATION AND GROWTH OF COMMON BEAN PLANTS GROWN IN CLAY AND SANDY SOILS

During winter season of 2015 a pots experiment was carried out at private farm on two soils of Egypt (clay and sandy) varied in their physo and chemical properties to study the individual and combined effects of salinity level of irrigation water either of un-or magnetized irrigation water and biofertilization on nodulation efficiency and growth of common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L Nebrasca c.v). The used salinity levels were 300, 700 and 1900 mg/l. The layout of the experiment was split-split block design in three replicates of each soil. The obtained data show a significant decrease on nodules number formed on the roots of common bean plants. On the other hand, application of magnetic technique and biofertilizer resulted in a significant increases of nodules number. These findings may be cleared from the calculated relative change values RC of the studied three factors on nodulation number. With the same treatment nodules number formed on the roots of common bean plants grown on clay soil was higher than that formed on the plants grown in sandy soil. Similar effect for the studied three factors was found on both fresh and dry weights (g/pot) of common bean plants (shoots) at growth period of 45 day: These results concluded that, applying magnetic technique and biofertilizer application decreased the hazard effect of water salinity and increased nodulation efficiency and plant growth.

Impact of Irrigation by Away of Magnetized Water and Spraying by Bio-Activators on Efficiency and Quality of Lettuce

Toward reading the impact of treating by away of magnetized water and spraying through various bio-activators on productivity and chemical composition of lettuce, two 2 trials were done at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt, throughout 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 years. The field experimentations were done in a strip-plot design by way of 4 replicates. The greatest averages of plant fresh and dry heaviness, entire yield/fed, chlorophyll (chlo.) a, chlo. b and entire chlo., TSS (TSS) %, entire carbohydrates %, crude protein % and entire sugars % , vit-C and vit-E contents in addition to the minimum averages of nitrate and nitrite contents were registered because of irrigation by away of magnetized water. Spraying by away of yeast extract (100 ml/liter) produced the highest standards of plant fresh and dry heaviness, entire yield/fed, chlo. a, b and entire chlo., TSS %, entire carbohydrates %, protein % and entire sugars %, vit-C and vit-E contents in addition to the minimum averages of nitrate and nitrite contents. It can be accomplished that irrigation lettuce plants by away of magnetized water in addition spraying by away of yeast extract (100 ml for each liter water) or liquid humic acid (1.0 ml for each liter water) to achieve towering growth, output and ingredients of lettuce (Balady cultivar) over the ecological circumstances of Mansoura district, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

Influence of Magnetized Water and Nitrogen Bio-fertilizers on the Quantity and Quality Features of the Butternut Squash Cucurbita moschata

The present study was carried out at Baqubah Nursery, Directorate of Agriculture, Diyala Province, Iraq, during the period of March to October 2017, to investigate the effects of magnetized water with bio and chemical fertilizers on the butternut squash. A factorial experiment with three replications was conducted and two factors were investigated; the state of water (magnetized water and non-magnetized water) and the fertilizer type (chemical fertilizer: urea 100 kg N/ hectare; bio-fertilizers: Azotobacterchroococcum and Azospirillumbrasilense + chemical fertilizer in 1:1 ratio).
 The results revealed that the magnetized water with bio + chemical fertilizers recorded the highest rate of fruit weight that reached 786.0 ,807.3 and 775.3 g at the first, second and third harvests, respectively. The effect of the magnetized water was significant on the rate of fruit yield/plant which reached 3745.0 g at the first harvest, while bio + chemical fertilizer recorded the highest rate that reached 2419.8 and 1404.3 g at the second and the third harvests, respectively. Magnetized water with bio + chemical fertilizers showed significant increments in total yield / plant (7822.3 g) and total yield / hectare (31289.3 kg). The treatment with magnetized water and bio and chemical fertilizer were significant in fruit content of total soluble solid (TSS %) after 185 days, which reached 13.0 % and 12.2 %, respectively, while bio + chemical fertilizer was superior in the yield of fructose sugar and fibers which reached 10.4 and 12.7 % , respectively.

Impact of bio fertilizer and magnetic irrigation water on growth and yield of melon Cucumis melo L.

The field experiment was conducted at Baqubah nursery, Directorate of Diyala agriculture in Iraq during summer growing of 2017 to study the effect of bio and chemical fertilizers with magnetized water as well as their interactions on growth and yield of melon cv. Piel de sapo. The experiment was laid-out in Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial experiment with three replications and two factors, included two treatments of fertilizer types (urea 50 kg N. ha−1) with Bio-fertilizer (Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum) and chemical fertilizer (urea 100 kg N. ha−1) and the second factor included magnetized water and non-magnetized water. The results showed that bio & chemical fertilizer caused significant increases in all studied traits rates compared to chemical fertilizer. Also magnetized water revealed that significant superiority of all study traits rates compared to non-magnetized water. Whereas the interaction between bio and chemical fertilizers with magnetized water led to significant superiority in other treatments with the highest values of all study traits, viz. fruits yield (7.2 kg. plant−1), fruits weight (3.4 kg. replicat−1), total yield (28520.0 kg. ha−1), fruit length (27.6 cm), content of fructose sugar in fruits after 24 days of storage (13.1%), fruit diameter from outside and inside (16.8 and 5.1cm) respectively, content of fibers in fruits after 24 days of storage (6.4%), fruits content of TSS% after 3 days of storage (13.7%) and fruits firmness after 24 days of storage (2.8%).