Magnetic Treatment Of Irrigation Water Research Articles

Magnetic treatment of irrigation water and its effect on French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Abstract Magnetic water treatment (magnetic treatment device (MTD)) has long been a contentious procedure for domestic water treatment. This study examines the pros and cons of using different water types with and without a magnetic field treatment for growing French bean crop irrigation. The MTD used in this experiment works by ionizing the dissolved solid using a cathode and anode, electrolysing water using a dynamic pulse current at 50 kHz, and energizing the cations using a 7,000 Gauss magnet. The MTD of normal, waste and saline water enhanced the yield by 12.7, 16.9, and 20.07% over their respective control plots. Contrarily, seed protein (22.52 g/100 g), vitamin A (687.09 IU), potassium (212.44 mg/100 g), vitamin K (14.32 mg/100 g), and calcium (39.93 mg/100 g) reached their peak values when French bean plants were irrigated by magnetically treated wastewater. Na concentration in pods was significantly reduced when 3,000 mg/L of magnetically treated saline water was used to irrigate French bean plants. The MTD of irrigation water has also improved N and K desorption from colloidal soil complexes, which significantly helped make these two elements easily available to the plants and promoting better plant growth and yield. Overall, using the MTD, the overall characteristics of French bean were improved.

Magnetic Treatment of Irrigation Water and Seeds and Its Effect on the Productivity and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) Grown in Saline Soil

ABSTRACT The current research was carried out to evaluate the impact of treating wheat (Triticum aestivum c.v Sakha 93) seeds and irrigation water magnetically in combination with different sources and rates of nitrogen on wheat productivity and grain quality under saline soil conditions. Two field experiments were carried out during the winter seasons 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 in a split split randomized complete block design with four replicates at El-Rabaa village, Bir Al-Abd, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Main plots were assigned to N-sources, urea, and compost; sub-plots were N-rates 0, 119, 179, and 238 Mg N ha−1, while magnetic treatment of irrigation water and wheat grains was in sub-subplots. The highest chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents (3.12 mg g−1 f.w. and 783 g kg−1, respectively) were observed due to compost, N4+ (MS + MW) treatment representing an increasing percentage of 189% and 220%, respectively. The maximum plant height, spike length, No. spike plant−1, and spike weight values were 82.0 cm, 15.1 cm, 13.9, and 24.9 g plant−1. The results were due to the addition of compost at a rate of 238 kg N ha−1 in combination with magnetized seeds and water treatment with 224, 643, 546, and 845% over the untreated treatment. The maximum straw and grain yields (11.7 and 7.29 Mg ha−1, respectively) were achieved due to the application of compost at a rate of N3 + (MS + MW), and the corresponding increments over the non-treatment plants were 718 and 846%, respectively. However, treatment of compost (179 Mg N ha−1 + magnetized seeds and water) resulted in the maximum increases in the No. grains spike−1, grains weight, 1000-grains weight, protein content, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn-uptake by grains. Soil pH and EC values were decreased, especially for plants treated with compost (238 kg N ha−1 + magnetized seeds and water treatment).

Magnetic treatment of irrigation water: Its effect on water properties and characteristics of eggplant (Solanum melongena

Poor quality water is a potential source for demand management in irrigated agriculture after essential treatment. Magnetic water treatment (MWT) is one of the emerging technologies among water treatment methods for the above-cited problems without harming the environment. The optimum configuration of the 7000 gauss magnetic treatment device and the effect of magnetized water on the yield parameters of the eggplant in a pot culture experiment were examined in this study. The maximum significant (P< 0.05) changes in physicochemical properties (pH, EC, total hardness, Langelier Saturation Index, Na, etc.) of water occurred at an optimized velocity of 0.8 m/s and less. The mean plant height was maximum under magnetized bore water treatment compared to all other treatments (P< 0.05). In particular, the average yield per plant was increased by 17 per cent in magnetized bore water treatment compared to the control. Overall, the results have shown that an optimum configuration of the water treatment device is needed before the start of the experiment based on magnetic strength. Moreover, magnetically treated irrigation water positively impacted plant growth parameters and the yield of the eggplant.
 Keywords: Irrigation, Magnetic water, Total hardness, Langelier Saturation Index, yield per plant

Effect of magnetic treatment of irrigation water on germination, growth, yield and popping-quality of popcorn under deficit irrigation

Popcorn is an important crop that is grown for consumption and snacks production in Nigeria however; it has low production and poor yield to meet the demand in the country. This study was conducted to determine the effect of magnetic treatment of irrigation water (MTIW) on the percentage germination (GP), growth rate (GR), popping-quality and yield of popcorn under deficit irrigation. MTIW was produced by passing the water through pipe surrounded with neodymium magnet rated 1.3 Tesla. Popcorn (FRESHTOP variety) was planted in 16 buckets for MTIW and 16 buckets for non-magnetic water (NMW, as control). Four levels of water application as the treatments with 100% water requirements (1.5 liters), 80% (1.2 liters), 60% (0.9 liters) and 50% (0.75 liters) were applied to the popcorn irrigated with MTIW or NMW and monitored for 100 days. The popcorn was thinned to 1 bucket-1 and grown in a garden shed of 5 by 5m and 3m high at the center and 2.5m at the edges. GP of the popcorn at 100%, 80%, 60% and 50% for MW were 75%, 88%, 75%, 63% and for NMW, were 50%, 63%, 50% and 50%, respectively. Mean grain yield after shelled for 100%, 80%%, 60% and 50% with MTIW were 43.43, 50.86, 39.65 and 35.80 g/bucket and corresponding grain yield for NMW were 29.20, 39.43, 37.27 and 28.41 gbucket-1. Water applied at 80% produced the highest yield. MTIW increased the yield of popcorn by 48.73%, 28.88%, 6.39% and 26.01% for 100%, 80%, 60% and 50%, respectively. MTIW is recommended for growing ‘FRESHTOP’ variety popcorn.

Magnetic Treatment of Irrigation Water and its Influence on Radish (Raphanus sativus) crop: A Green Technology

Implementation of water treatment technologies for poor quality water may help reduce dependency on freshwater. One promising technology among water treatment technologies is magnetic water treatment (MWT). This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of bore water, hard water (1000 ppm) and saline water (electrical conductivity of 3 dS/m) on the plant biometric parameters and the yield of the radish. The water was treated in three stages: electrolysis, de-ionization and magnetization. In the pot culture experiment conducted, leaf length and leaf area index (LAI) was maximum under magnetized bore water treatment which was 22.7 cm and 6.2 compared to all other treatments respectively. The fresh weight (66.2 g) was highest in magnetically treated bore water, which was statistically significant over control. Among bore water treatments, the average yield per plant (48.5 t/ha) was maximum under magnetized bore water over control (43.9t/ha). Overall, the findings suggest that magnetically treated irrigation water positively influences plant growth parameters and the yield of radish.

Improvement in growth of plants under the effect of magnetized water

<abstract> <p>The magnetic field can change the polarity characteristics and hydrogen-bond structure of water; therefore, magnetized water can affect plant growth and development. Magnetized water is hexagonal water created by passing water through a specific magnet that can activate and ionize water molecules to change its structure. This review highlights the use of magnetized water in the agricultural sector to enhance plant growth and food productivity. We discussed the impact of magnetized water on seed germination, vegetative growth, fruit production, soil and pigments of treated plants. Plant growth and development can be improved both qualitatively and quantitatively via irrigation with magnetized water. It can promote seed germination, seedling early vegetative development, improvement of the mineral content of fruits and seeds, the enzyme activity of the soil, improved water use efficiency, higher nutrient content, and better transformation and consumption efficiency of nutrients; it can also mitigate soil salinity. Furthermore, magnetized water had a substantial good influence on the mobility and uptake of micronutrient concentrations, as well as promoted better growth criteria, all of which increased biomass and total yield. Also, irrigating plants with magnetized water resulted in a considerable increase in chloroplast pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll a, and b) and photosynthetic activity. Magnetizing low-quality water (brackish water, saline water or water contaminated with metals) can be considered as an alternative tool to overcome the problem of scarcity and shortage of water resources. As a result, magnetic treatment of irrigation water could be a promising technique to boost agricultural production while also being environmentally beneficial in the future. The major challenge in using magnetized water in agriculture is creating pumps that are compatible with the technical and practical needs of magnetic systems while also effectively integrating irrigation components.</p> </abstract>

Current trends in the development and efficiency of irrigation systems

The article presents research methods for the developed irrigation systems, for increasing the efficiency of water use in the agricultural sector. Based on an analysis of literature and patent sources, the authors present ways of modifying irrigation systems, such as physical and hydraulic barriers and magnetic treatment of irrigation water. The article also presents the results of laboratory tests of the proposed drip irrigation system. It investigates five different types of drip trays to quantify hydraulic performance. Researchers obtained dependencies of uniformity of water flow through the drip trays when changing the operating pressure in the system.

Characteristic study of some parameters of soil irrigated by magnetized waters

The degradation of water quality in Tunisia is mainly due to overexploitation of groundwater, pollution, and above all to mismanagement. The effect of these waters can influence the physicochemical quality of the soil. For this fact, the method of magnetic treatment can be used in the field of agriculture to alleviate the salinity problems of water. Given the importance of the impact of irrigation water on soil support, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of magnetic treated water on soil quality. A test companion was conducted for 4 months. During this period, the tests illustrated the effect of different parameters related to 4 magnetic devices, with various intensities from 0.01 to 0.5 T, at different soil depths. It was noticed that the collected soil samples from magnetized lines had a lower salinity than those of non-magnetized sites. The magnetic treatment of the irrigation water reduced the soil conductivity by about 19% for the 0–20-cm depth and about 17% for the 20–40-cm depth under a 0.3-T magnetic strength. On the other hand, the magnetic treatment of irrigation water increased the pH of the soil. Accordingly, the recorded difference between the pH of the treated and untreated soils reached 8% and 5% for 0.5 T and 0.3 T, respectively. The statistical analyses were conducted to exhibit the correlation and the interactions between different variables such as pH, conductivity, depth, length, soil moisture, and intensity. We rely on Bayesian networks to build a graphical model that displays the water treatment impact on soil characteristics. Therefore, we calibrated a discrete Bayesian network, starting from raw measured data, and we discovered the relationships between different variables characterizing the agricultural soil and the experimental conditions based on magnetic water treatment.

Effect of Repeated Magnetization Process of Water on the Waterand Soil Properties as well as Lettuce Yield

It is known that the magnetic field works to change the chemical and physical properties of water and this is reflected in the properties of soil and plant. An experiment was conducted during 2017 and 2018 seasons at a farm in MitKenana village, Qalyobia, Egypt. The aim was to study the effect of water re-magnetization on the properties of water, soil and Lettuce growth. The experiment was divided into four treatments with three replicates. Normal water treatment and other magnetized water treatments were irrigated with water passed through the magnetic device one, two and three times. EC, pH, anions and cations for both water and soil as well as yield and yield components for Lettuce were measured. Results indicated that, irrigation with magnetized water induced positive significant effect on all studied treatments on water, soil and plant where it improved water and soil properties with increasing plant productivity. The one-time passing magnetic treatment of irrigation water significantly decreased electrical conductivity of the soil, but the effect on pH was moderatein addition to increasing lettuce productivity by 29.1% more than non-magnetic treatment. With multiple magnetic treatments, did not show big differences between treated and untreated treatments

The effects of magnetic treatment of irrigation water on seedling growth, photosynthetic capacity and nutrient contents of Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’ under NaCl stress

The use of saline water in irrigation is cause for concern due to the reduced availability of fresh water resources for agroforestry in some regions; however, salinity can negatively affect plant populations, such as Populus. Here, magnetic techniques were employed to investigate their effects on improving salinity tolerance in Populus. Irrigation experiments were performed with Populus applying magnetized water (MW) and non-magnetized water (NMW), and seedling growth and development in 1-year-old potted seedlings of Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’ were evaluated under saline conditions. A magnetic treatment device with a low-intensity magnetic field was used for the management of irrigation water. Two average salinity levels, 0 and 4.0 g L−1 of NaCl, were used with MW and NMW, yielding four treatments of irrigation water. The experiments were performed according to a single-factor randomized block design. Seedling growth; the biomass of leaves, roots and stems; photosynthetic parameters and nutrient contents were measured. The results showed that, compared with the non-magnetic treatment (NMT), magnetic treatment (MT) led to improvements in seedling height, basal diameter, leaf area and biomass of leaves and roots (but not stem biomass). Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency were increased in MT, whereas both transpiration rate and stomatal limiting value were decreased in MT compared with those in NMT. In addition, MT promoted root development, as evidenced by improvements in the length, surface area, mean diameter, volume and tips of the roots. The microelement contents analyses indicated that MT led to higher contents of Fe, Zn and Cu in leaves and roots and a lower content of Mn. MT led to increased contents of C and P and an increased C/N ratio in leaves but a decreased N content; in the roots, the C content and the ratios of C/N and C/P were increased. These results indicated that irrigation with MW appeared to promote seedling growth, root development, photosynthesis and mineral nutrient contents. The properties of saline water were improved by MT, indicating that MT-treated saline water can be used for irrigation.

Effect of Magnetic Treatment of Irrigation Water on Growth and Yield of Maize under different Water Deficit Conditions

This study was conducted to determine the effect of magnetic treatment of irrigation water (MTW) on the growth and yield of maize under water deficit conditions. The maize was planted in a pot (2 stands per pot) in a transparent garden shed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). A magnetic flux density of 443 gauss produced from electromagnet was used and measured inside the pipe using a gaussmeter Model GM-2 by Alpha Lab Inc. Water was allowed to flow through the magnetic field in a pipe for about 113 seconds. Four treatments used were 100 (2 litres at 100 %), 80, 60 and 50 % of water requirement labelled as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively and each treatment was replicated four times. A control experiment by non–magnetic treatment of water (NMTW) was also set up. The mean heights of maize plant with MTW at 29 days for T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 160, 184, 106, 103 mm while the yields after 86 days were 238.1, 281.6, 232.1 and 210.1 g/pot, respectively. The heights of maize plant with NMTW for T1, T2, T3 and T4 at 29 days were 124, 151, 91 and 90 mm while the yields after 86 days were 156.3, 209.6, 201.6 and 150.6 g/pot, respectively. The yield of maize from MTW compared to yield of maize from NMTW was statistically significant under the same water deficit condition by statistical pair t-test analysis.Keywords: Deficit irrigation, Magnetic treatment of water, Magnetically treated water, Maize

The impacts of magnetic treatment of irrigation water on plant, water and soil characteristics

Magnetic treatment has remained a controversial process for antiscale treatment of industrial and domestic water treatment over the past many years. Hence a study was initiated to evaluate the magnetic treatment of irrigation water on growth and yield parameters of cow pea and brinjal using pot and field experiments. Also, the impact of magnetic treatment on water properties and soil moisture were also evaluated. Under pot experiment, the treatments tried are normal water, hard water 150 and 300ppm, saline water 500, 1000 and 2000ppm of both control and magnetic treated solutions, respectively. Two permanent magnets with the strength of 1800–2000G was used. The results showed that magnetic treatment of irrigation water types led to an improvement in crop growth and yield parameters of cow pea. Magnetic treatments tend to reduce electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and salinity levels of all solutions except normal irrigation water, whereas a definite trend of increase in pH was noticed for all the treatments. Soil moisture study results showed that the differences in soil moisture for days 1–3 after irrigation with magnetized irrigation water were lesser than those for the control solutions. Irrigation with magnetized irrigation water caused higher soil moisture compared with the control for different solution of saline and hard water respectively. In the field experiment with brinjal also the magnetic treatment of normal and saline water improved the yield by 25.8 and 17.0% over control. Scanning electron microscope image analysis results confirmed that under magnetic treated hard water, there was variation in the crystal structure of calcium carbonate. The length of these crystals is more when compared to control solutions. These results indicated the beneficial effect of magnetically treated irrigation water on growth and yield of crops, the properties of water and confirmed the possibility of using low quality water for agriculture.

Impact of Magnetic Treatment of Irrigation Water on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

This study was carried out to determine whether magnetic treatment of the irrigation water may actually enhance vegetative growth and yield of tomato. Three magnetic flux densities of 124, 319 and 719 G (treatments T1, T2 and T3) were used to treat the water and a control experiment (Tc) which was irrigated with non-magnetically treated water was also set up. The magnetic field was produced by an electromagnet that had a variable voltage unit varying the voltage from 4 to 12 V. The tomato were planted in buckets, kept in a transparent garden shed for 130 days and irrigated with magnetically treated water and non-magnetically treated water. A completely randomized design experimental layout was used in this study and each of the three treatments was replicated seven times. The results indicated that tomato crop irrigated with magnetically treated water grew faster than that of the non-magnetically treated water and the stem diameters were bigger than those of control. The heights of tomato plants (T1, T2 T3 and Tc) after 47 days were 560.0, 556.4, 588.6 and 469.3 mm respectively. The total yield after 130 days of survey for T1, T2 T3 and Tc were 892.1, 1075.8, 1045.7 and 637.7 g respectively. The percentage increment in yield from the plants treated with magnetically treated water varied from 39.9 to 68.7% compared to the yield from untreated water.

Impact of Magnetic Treatment of Irrigation Water on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

This study was carried out to determine whether magnetic treatment of the irrigation water may actually enhance vegetative growth and yield of tomato. Three magnetic flux densities of 124, 319 and 719 G (treatments T1, T2 and T3) were used to treat the water and a control experiment (Tc) which was irrigated with non-magnetically treated water was also set up. The magnetic field was produced by an electromagnet that had a variable voltage unit varying the voltage from 4 to 12 V. The tomato were planted in buckets, kept in a transparent garden shed for 130 days and irrigated with magnetically treated water and non-magnetically treated water. A completely randomized design experimental layout was used in this study and each of the three treatments was replicated seven times. The results indicated that tomato crop irrigated with magnetically treated water grew faster than that of the non-magnetically treated water and the stem diameters were bigger than those of control. The heights of tomato plants (T1, T2 T3 and Tc) after 47 days were 560.0, 556.4, 588.6 and 469.3 mm respectively. The total yield after 130 days of survey for T1, T2 T3 and Tc were 892.1, 1075.8, 1045.7 and 637.7 g respectively. The percentage increment in yield from the plants treated with magnetically treated water varied from 39.9 to 68.7% compared to the yield from untreated water.

EFFECTS OF MAGNETIZED LOW QUALITY IRRIGATION WATER ON SOME SOIL PROPERTIES AND SOYBEAN YIELD (Glycine max L.) UNDER SALT AFFECTED SOILS CONDITIONS.

Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agric. Research Station, during two successive seasons 2013 and 2014, to study the effect of the magnetized water treatment (MWT) on some soil proprieties and productivity of soybean under salt affected soils conditions. A split plot design with three replicates was used . The main plots were occupied by water types (fresh water and magnetic irrigation water) and sub plots were devoted to water quality: 0.75dSm-1 (S1) , 1.75 dSm-1 (S2) and 2.75 dSm-1 (S3). The obtained results could be summarized as follows: - The growth parameters of soybean plants were high significantly increased due to application of the magnetic water. - The soybean seed, straw and yield components were high significantly increased by magnetic water application under different water salinity. -Protein and oil yields were high significantly increased by magnetized water treatment (MWT), while they were decreased with increasing of irrigation water salinity. - The magnetic treatment of irrigation water had a positive effect on decreasing salinity of the soil (ECe) after the harvest of plants. Values of relative change (Rc± %) of soil salinity (Ece) , sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Na+, Cl- and SO2-4 were decreased while (Rc± %) of Ca++, Mg++, and K+ in the soil extraction , after harvesting, were increased due to MWT under S1; S2 and S3, as compared with magnetized fresh water . -Yield of soybean , yield components, protein and oil yield content were positively correlated with (MWT) during both seasons. -It could be concluded that to alleviate water salinity hazard, improve some soil properties and increase productivity of soybean plant can be obtained by magnetic water treatment under salt affected soil.

Effect of magnetic treatment of irrigation water and seed on some vegetative characteristics and production of black seed "Nigella sativa

Seeds of Nigella sativa were sown in containers containing 15kg Loamy soil. The seeds were divided before sewing into two groups. The first group was soaked with ordinary tap water end the second group was treated with magnetized water for 24hrs. The irrigation process was completed until 75% of capacity field with two types of water (tap water of magnetized water with three replications).The magnetized water was obtained from special electric device designed for this purposeRecorded measurements (plants height, the number of branches/ plant, dry weight ofplant, number of flowers, 1000 seed weight) during the harvest period.Results indicated that the seed group which was treated with magnetized water was more significant than the one which was treated with the normal water in all the studied characteristics.

Effect of magnetic treatment of irrigation water and seed on some vegetative characteristics and production of black seed "Nigella sativa

Seeds of Nigella sativa were sown in containers containing 15kg Loamy soil. The seeds were divided before sewing into two groups. The first group was soaked with ordinary tap water end the second group was treated with magnetized water for 24hrs. The irrigation process was completed until 75% of capacity field with two types of water (tap water of magnetized water with three replications).The magnetized water was obtained from special electric device designed for this purposeRecorded measurements (plants height, the number of branches/ plant, dry weight ofplant, number of flowers, 1000 seed weight) during the harvest period.Results indicated that the seed group which was treated with magnetized water was more significant than the one which was treated with the normal water in all the studied characteristics.

Magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea and chickpea seeds enhances early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings.

The effects of magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea (Pisum sativum L var. macrocarpon) and Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) seeds on the emergence, early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings were investigated under glasshouse conditions. The treatments included (i) magnetic treatment of irrigation water (MTW), (ii) magnetic treatment of seeds (MTS), (iii) magnetic treatment of irrigation water and seeds (MTWS) and (iv) no magnetic treatment of irrigation water or seeds as control treatment. A magnetic treatment device with two permanent magnets (magnetic induction: 3.5-136 mT) was used for the above treatments. Seeds were sown in washed sand and seedlings were harvested at 20 days. The results showed that MTW led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in emergence rate index (ERI; 42% for snow pea and 51% for chickpea), shoot dry weight (25% for snow pea and 20% for chickpea) and contents of N, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Zn, Fe and Mn in both seedling varieties compared to control seedlings. Likewise, there were significant increases in ERI (33% for snow peas and 37% for chickpea), shoot dry weight (11% for snow pea and 4% for chickpea) and some nutrients of snow pea and chickpea seedlings with MTS in comparison with the controls. The results of this study suggest that both MTW and MTS have the potential to improve the early seedling growth and nutrient contents of seedlings.

Magnetic treatment of irrigation water: Its effects on vegetable crop yield and water productivity

This study examines whether there are any beneficial effects of magnetic treatment of different irrigation water types on water productivity and yield of snow pea, celery and pea plants. Replicated pot experiments involving magnetically treated and non-magnetically treated potable water (tap water), recycled water and saline water (500 ppm and 1000 ppm NaCl for snow peas; 1500 ppm and 3000 ppm for celery and peas) were conducted in glasshouse under controlled environmental conditions during April 2007 to December 2008 period at University of Western Sydney, Richmond Campus (Australia). A magnetic treatment device with its magnetic field in the range of 3.5–136 mT was used for the magnetic treatment of irrigation water. The analysis of the data collected during the study suggests that the effects of magnetic treatment varied with plant type and the type of irrigation water used, and there were statistically significant increases in plant yield and water productivity (kg of fresh or dry produce per kL of water used). In particular, the magnetic treatment of recycled water and 3000 ppm saline water respectively increased celery yield by 12% and 23% and water productivity by 12% and 24%. For snow peas, there were 7.8%, 5.9% and 6.0% increases in pod yield with magnetically treated potable water, recycled water and 1000 ppm saline water, respectively. The water productivity of snow peas increased by 12%, 7.5% and 13% respectively for magnetically treated potable water, recycled water and 1000 ppm saline water. On the other hand, there was no beneficial effect of magnetically treated irrigation water on the yield and water productivity of peas. There was also non-significant effect of magnetic treatment of water on the total water used by any of the three types of vegetable plants tested in this study. As to soil properties after plant harvest, the use of magnetically treated irrigation water reduced soil pH but increased soil EC and available P in celery and snow pea. Overall, the results indicate some beneficial effect of magnetically treated irrigation water, particularly for saline water and recycled water, on the yield and water productivity of celery and snow pea plants under controlled environmental conditions. While the findings of this glasshouse study are interesting, the potential of the magnetic treatment of irrigation water for crop production needs to be further tested under field conditions to demonstrate clearly its beneficial effects on the yield and water productivity.

Magnetic Treatment of Irrigation Water: Experimental Results and Application Conditions

The effects of magnetic treatment on irrigation water have been studied. We showed that the main effects were the increase of the number of crystallization centers and the change of the free gas content. Both effects improve the quality of irrigation water. As an example, changes in natural water due to magnetic treatment in a commercially available apparatus, Magnalawn 2000, have been studied. On the basis of laboratory and field results, the type and the chemical content of natural water for which a magnetic treatment method is the most efficient have been determined. Our analysis shows that the important components for effective magnetic treatment are flow rate through the apparatus and certain chemical parameters of water, namely, carbonate water hardness of more than 50 mg/L and concentration of hydrogenous ions in water at pH > 7.2. Irrigation with magnetically treated water is the most effective for soils with high soda content.