Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy In Patients Research Articles

Correlation between abnormal cellular immune and changes of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

BackgroundEvidence from previous studies indicates that neuroinflammation contributes to the onset of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Moreover, cellular dysfunction is induced by impaired signaling of neurotransmitters. This study aimed to explore the correlation between cellular immune dysfunction and neurotransmitter changes through cranial Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in AD patients. MethodsHere, 32 AD, 40 Vascular Dementia (VD), and 35 Non-Dementia Elderly Control (NDE) cases were enrolled. Flow cytometry was performed to characterize lymphocyte subsets in plasma samples. The IL-1β and Caspase-1 levels were detected by ELISA. The NLRP3 expression level was measured by Western Blot (WB). The equivalence of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Creatine (Cr), Choline (Cho), and Inositol (MI) in bilateral hippocampi of patients was examined by MRS. The association of NAA/Cr or MI/Cr ratios with the proportion of T lymphocyte subsets or NK cell subsets was determined through single-factor correlation analysis. ResultsThe proportion of T lymphocyte subsets was significantly lower in the AD group than in the NDE group (P < 0.01). On the other hand, the Caspase-1, NLRP3, and IL-1β protein expression levels were significantly higher in the AD group than in the other groups. Further analysis showed that the NAA/Cr ratio was lower in the AD group than in the NDE group. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between the NAA/Cr ratio and the MMSE score (r = 0.81, P < 0.01). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between the NAA/Cr and T lymphocyte ratios. The NAA/Cr ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of NK cells in the blood (r = －0.83, P < 0.01). A significant negative correlation was also recorded between the MI/Cr and T cell ratios in blood samples. ConclusionsImpaired cellular immune dysfunction in AD patients was significantly correlated with abnormal MRS. Neuroimmune dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD and alter the metabolism of neurotransmitters such as aspartic acid and MI in the brains of AD patients. Trial registrationNot applicable.

CMR 3-119 - Feasibility of Cardiac 31phosphorus -magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot

CMR 3-119 - Feasibility of Cardiac 31phosphorus -magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot

Findings in magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with Autism spectrum disorder

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that has been the subject of extensive research, including studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to explore brain metabolites as potential biomarkers. Methods: The objective of our study was to identify brain metabolites using magnetic resonance and proton spectroscopy that could serve as potential markers of ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder). Results: Magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any brain morphological changes in ASD patients. However, the patients with ASD exhibited an elevated glutamate peak in 100% of cases. Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging combined with cerebellar spectroscopy is an emerging tool for the diagnosis and management of autism. This approach shows promise in enhancing both the diagnosis and treatment of ASD.

Assessment of bone marrow fat by 3-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) is an imaging method for quantification of bone marrow fat. It has been used for evaluation of bone marrow changes in patients with chronic disorders, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). In these patients, there is a high turnover state, with an excessive amount of non-mineralized component of bone, leading to skeletal fragility and subsequent increased fracture risk. Thirty CKD patients underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and eight healthy controls underwent MRS at lumbar spine. Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) of L1-L3 were determined from MRS and QCT respectively. CKD patients were divided into three groups according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR); for each patient, blood levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) were also reported. Paired t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients and analysis of variance were applied. The mean age of patients was 59.6±11.5 years, mean GFR value was 21.5±8.8 mL/min and mean PTH value was 149.2±53.1 pg/mL. PDFF at L1-L3 levels was significantly higher in CKD patients compared to controls (71.4±8.7 vs. 55.5±7.6; P<0.001) and showed an inverse correlation with vBMD (r=-0.71; P<0.001). PDFF significantly increased from CKD group 1 to CKD group 3 (P=0.002) and was inversely correlated with GFR (r=-0.53; P=0.003). There was no significant association between PDFF and PTH values (P>0.05). In CKD patients, PDFF assessed by MRS at lumbar spine is higher than in healthy population, correlates with bone loss assessed by QCT and significantly increases with the worsening of renal function. MRS is a reliable and highly repeatable tool for PDFF quantification in CKD patients.

Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background: The accuracy of current laboratory and imaging studies for diagnosis and monitoring of Parkinson's disease (PD) severity is low and diagnosis is mainly dependent on clinical examination. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that can assess the chemical profile of the brain. In this study, we evaluated the utility of proton MRS in diagnosis of PD and determination of its severity. Methods: Patients with PD and healthy age-matched controls were studied using proton MRS. The level of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), total creatine (Cr), and total choline (Cho), and their ratios were calculated in substantia nigra (SN), putamen (Pu), and motor cortex. PD severity was assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Results: Compared to 25 healthy controls (18 men, age: 59.00 ± 8.39 years), our 30 patients with PD (24 men, age: 63.80 ± 12.00 years, 29 under treatment) showed no significant difference in the metabolite ratios in SN, Pu, and motor cortex. Nigral level of NAA/Cr was significantly correlated with total UPDRS score in patients with PD (r = -0.35, P = 0.08). Moreover, patients with PD with Hoehn and Yahr scale score ≥ 2 had a lower NAA/Cr level in SN compared to patients with a lower stage. Conclusion: This study shows that 1.5 tesla proton MRS is unable to detect metabolite abnormalities in patients with PD who are under treatment. However, the NAA/Cr ratio in the SN might be a useful imaging biomarker for evaluation of disease severity in these patients.

The Paradoxical Role of Circulating Ketone Bodies in Glycemic Control of Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: High Risk, High Reward?

Introduction: Fasting plasma ketone bodies (KB) are elevated in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and could affect glycemic control and disease progression. Prolonged KB exposure may result in adaptive beneficial responses, counteracting glycemic dysregulation. In the current proof-of-concept study in adults with T2D, we hypothesized that fasting plasma KB are cross-sectionally associated with poorer glycemic control but prospectively with better glycemic control. Materials and Methods: Fasting plasma KB were measured via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with T2D treated in primary care (Zodiac cohort; The Netherlands). We analyzed the associations between KB and HbA1c at baseline using linear regression analyses and HbA1c changes over time using linear mixed models. We adjusted for potential confounders, including risk factors for poor glycemic control. Individuals with T2D participating in the general population-based PREVEND study were used as a replication cohort. Results: We included 271 individuals with T2D with a total of 859 HbA1c measurements during a follow-up period of 3.0 (2.0–3.2) years. At baseline, the total amount of fasting plasma KB was independently and positively associated with HbA1c levels (regression coefficient in the fully adjusted analysis = 0.31; 95% CI 0.06–0.57, per doubling of KB; p = 0.02). In contrast, in the longitudinal analyses, fasting plasma KB were associated with a yearly HbA1c (%) decrease of −0.10 (95% CI −0.19 to −0.00 per doubling baseline KB; p = 0.05). Results were replicated in 387 individuals with T2D from a general population cohort with a total of 1115 glucose measurements during a follow-up period of 7.5 (7.2–8.0) years. A yearly decrease in fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) of 0.09 was found per doubling of baseline KB. Conclusions: This study is the first to suggest a paradoxical role of circulating KB on glycemic control in T2D: elevated KB are associated with cross-sectionally poorer glycemic control but longitudinally with better long-term glycemic control.

Human plasma glycoprotein profile measured by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with diabetes and/or atherogenic dyslipidemia, a new method to assess inflammation

Background and Aims : Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherogenic dyslipidaemia (AD) are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) so interest in discovering inflammation biomarkers as indicators of processes related to CVD progression is increasing. This study aims to characterize the plasma glycoprotein profile of a cohort of 504 participants including patients with and without T2DM and/or AD and controls.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with low back pain

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with low back pain

Metabolomics profile in acute respiratory distress syndrome by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

BackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a challenging clinical problem. Discovering the potential metabolic alterations underlying the ARDS is important to identify novel therapeutic target and improve the prognosis. Serum and urine metabolites can reflect systemic and local changes and could help understanding metabolic characterization of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with ARDS.MethodsClinical data of patients with suspected CAP at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were collected from May 2020 to February 2021. Consecutive patients with CAP were enrolled and divided into two groups: CAP with and without ARDS groups. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analyses of serum and urine samples were performed before and after treatment in CAP with ARDS (n = 43) and CAP without ARDS (n = 45) groups. Differences metabolites were identifed in CAP with ARDS. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to identify panels of significant metabolites for evaluating therapeutic effects on CAP with ARDS. The correlation heatmap was analyzed to further display the relationship between metabolites and clinical characteristics.ResultsA total of 20 and 42 metabolites were identified in the serum and urine samples, respectively. Serum metabolic changes were mainly involved in energy, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms, while urine metabolic changes were mainly involved in energy metabolism. Elevated levels of serum 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, acetone, acetoacetate, and decreased levels of serum leucine, choline, and urine creatine and creatinine were detected in CAP with ARDS relative to CAP without ARDS. Serum metabolites 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, acetoacetate, citrate, choline and urine metabolite 1-methylnicotinamide were identified as a potential biomarkers for assessing therapeutic effects on CAP with ARDS, and with AUCs of 0.866 and 0.795, respectively. Moreover, the ROC curve analysis revealed that combined characteristic serum and urine metabolites exhibited a better classification system for assessing therapeutic effects on CAP with ARDS, with a AUC value of 0.952. In addition, differential metabolites strongly correlated with clinical parameters in patients with CAP with ARDS.ConclusionsSerum- and urine-based metabolomics analyses identified characteristic metabolic alterations in CAP with ARDS and might provide promising circulatory markers for evaluating therapeutic effects on CAP with ARDS.

Myocardial ATP depletion detected noninvasively predicts sudden cardiac death risk in patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUNDSudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a worldwide public health problem in need of better noninvasive predictive tools. Current guidelines for primary preventive SCD therapies, such as implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), are based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), but these guidelines are imprecise: fewer than 5% of ICDs deliver lifesaving therapy per year. Impaired cardiac metabolism and ATP depletion cause arrhythmias in experimental models, but to our knowledge a link between arrhythmias and cardiac energetic abnormalities in people has not been explored, nor has the potential for metabolically predicting clinical SCD risk.METHODSWe prospectively measured myocardial energy metabolism noninvasively with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with no history of significant arrhythmias prior to scheduled ICD implantation for primary prevention in the setting of reduced LVEF (≤35%).RESULTSBy 2 different analyses, low myocardial ATP significantly predicted the composite of subsequent appropriate ICD firings for life-threatening arrhythmias and cardiac death over approximately 10 years. Life-threatening arrhythmia risk was approximately 3-fold higher in patients with low ATP and independent of established risk factors, including LVEF. In patients with normal ATP, rates of appropriate ICD firings were several-fold lower than reported rates of ICD complications and inappropriate firings.CONCLUSIONTo the best of our knowledge, these are the first data linking in vivo myocardial ATP depletion and subsequent significant arrhythmic events in people, suggesting an energetic component to clinical life-threatening ventricular arrhythmogenesis. The findings support investigation of metabolic strategies that limit ATP loss to treat or prevent life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and herald noninvasive metabolic imaging as a complementary SCD risk stratification tool.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT00181233.FUNDINGThis work was supported by the DW Reynolds Foundation, the NIH (grants HL61912, HL056882, HL103812, HL132181, HL140034), and Russell H. Morgan and Clarence Doodeman endowments at Johns Hopkins.

Sequential Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Reirradiation for Progressive Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma

PurposeDiffusion tensor imaging for evaluation of white matter tracts is used with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to improve management of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). Changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and tumor metabolite ratios have been reported after initial radiation for DIPG, but these markers have not been studied sequentially in patients undergoing reirradiation for progressive DIPG. Here, we report a case series of 4 patients who received reirradiation for progressive DIPG on a prospective clinical trial in which we evaluated quantitative changes in FA, ADC, and tumor metabolites and qualitative changes in white matter tracts. Methods and MaterialsThe median reirradiation dose was 25.2 Gy (24-30.8 Gy). Fiber tracking was performed using standard tractography analysis. The FA and ADC values for the corticospinal and medial lemniscus tracts were calculated before and after reirradiation. Multivoxel MRS was performed. Findings were correlated with clinical features and conventional MRI of tumors. ResultsAll patients had an initial response to reirradiation as shown by a decrease in tumor size. In general, FA increased with disease response and decreased with progression, whereas ADC decreased with disease response and increased with progression. At second progression, the FA fold change relative to values during disease response decreased in both patients with available imaging at second progression. Visualization of tracts demonstrated robust reconstitution of previously disrupted paths during tumor response; conversely, there was increased fiber tract disruption and infiltration during tumor progression. The MRS analysis revealed a decrease in choline:creatinine and choline:N-acetylaspartate ratios during tumor response and increase during progression. ConclusionsDistinct changes in white matter tracts and tumor metabolism were observed in patients with DIPG undergoing reirradiation on a prospective clinical trial. Changes related to tumor response and progression were observed after 24 to 30.8 Gy reirradiation.

Statin Intolerance and Noncompliance: An Empiric Approach

Statin Intolerance and Noncompliance: An Empiric Approach

Molecular imaging in masseter muscle observed by muscle function magnetic resonance imaging and 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with a jaw deformity.

BackgroundSkeletal mandibular protrusion would influence to the muscle fatigue of the masticatory muscles. Establishing a diagnostic procedures combining physiological and biochemical information is necessary for quantitative evaluation of masticatory muscle fatigue.ObjectiveThe transverse relaxation time (T2 time) of muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI), and 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used to investigate the reliability as parameters for measuring the masseter muscle in patients with skeletal mandibular prognathism.MethodThe subjects were 19 patients diagnosed as skeletal mandibular protrusions and 19 healthy subjects as a control group. Transverse relaxation time (T2 value) determined by mfMRI along with creatine phosphate (PCr) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) determined by 31P‐MRS before, during, and after clenching were used for molecular imaging of muscle fatigue.ResultsThe average T2 value of the patient group was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group at rest. Furthermore, the average T2 value transiently increased in both groups during experimental clenching. The PCr and Pi showed a tendency toward a transient decrease and increases, respectively. The pH in the masseter muscle showed a transient decrease in both groups prior to and following experimental clenching. The pH in the masseter muscle of the patient group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group at rest and recovery.ConclusionWe showed mfMRI and 31P‐MRS are useful for evaluating masseter fatigue during clenching, and the masseter muscle in the prognathic patients showed more severe fatigue than the healthy controls.

Effect of PCSK9 inhibitor on lipoprotein particles in patients with acute coronary syndromes

BackgroundTo assess the effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor (evolocumab) on lipoprotein particles subfractions with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy in patients with acute coronary syndromes.MethodsA total of 99 consecutive patients with ACS were enrolled and assigned to either the experimental group (n = 54) or the control group (n = 45). The combination therapy of PCSK9 inhibitor (Repatha®, 140 mg, q2w) and moderate statin (Rosuvastatin, 10 mg, qn) was administered in the experimental group, with statin monotherapy (Rosuvastatin, 10 mg, qn) in the control group. The therapeutic effects on lipoprotein particle subfractions were assessed with NMR spectroscopy after 8 weeks treatment, and the achievement of LDL-C therapeutic target in both groups were analyzed.ResultsIn the experimental group, after 8 weeks of evolocumab combination treatment, the concentrations of blood lipids (TC, LDL-C and its subfractions [LDL-1 to 6], VLDL-C and its subfractions [VLDL-1 to 5], IDL-C, and HDL-C), lipoprotein particles, and their subfractions [VLDL-P, IDL-P, LDL-P, and its subfractions [LDL-P1 to 6], apoB, and LP(a)] demonstrated therapeutic benefits with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The decrease in total LDL-P concentrations was mainly due to a decreased concentration of small-sized LDL particles (LDL-P 5 + 6), which was significantly more prominent than the decrease in medium-sized LDL-P (LDL-P3 + 4) and large-sized LDL-P (LDL-P1 + 2) (P < 0.001). According to lipid control target recommended by the latest China Cholesterol Education Program Expert Consensus in 2019, after 8 weeks treatment, 96.3% patients in the experimental group and 13.3% in the control group had achieved the LDL-C therapeutic target (P < 0.01).ConclusionsEvolocumab combination treatment for 8 weeks significantly improves the plasma lipid profiles in ACS patients, and significantly decrease the concentration of lipoprotein particles which might contribute to the pathonesis of atherosclerosis.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Brain Lesions Diagnosed Through Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients from South Kerala

A Cross-Sectional Study on Brain Lesions Diagnosed Through Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients from South Kerala

Intracellular Phosphate and ATP Depletion Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis.

The precise origin of phosphate that is removed during hemodialysis remains unclear; only a minority comes from the extracellular space. One possibility is that the remaining phosphate originates from the intracellular compartment, but there have been no available data from direct assessment of intracellular phosphate in patients undergoing hemodialysis. We used phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphocreatine (PCr), and βATP. In our pilot, single-center, prospective study, 11 patients with ESKD underwent phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy examination during a 4-hour hemodialysis treatment. Spectra were acquired every 152 seconds during the hemodialysis session. The primary outcome was a change in the PCr-Pi ratio during the session. During the first hour of hemodialysis, mean phosphatemia decreased significantly (-41%; P<0.001); thereafter, it decreased more slowly until the end of the session. We found a significant increase in the PCr-Pi ratio (+23%; P=0.001) during dialysis, indicating a reduction in intracellular Pi concentration. The PCr-βATP ratio increased significantly (+31%; P=0.001) over a similar time period, indicating a reduction in βATP. The change of the PCr-βATP ratio was significantly correlated to the change of depurated Pi. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy examination of patients with ESKD during hemodialysis treatment confirmed that depurated Pi originates from the intracellular compartment. This finding raises the possibility that excessive dialytic depuration of phosphate might adversely affect the intracellular availability of high-energy phosphates and ultimately, cellular metabolism. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between objective and subjective effects of hemodialysis and decreases of intracellular Pi and βATP content. Intracellular Phosphate Concentration Evolution During Hemodialysis by MR Spectroscopy (CIPHEMO), NCT03119818.

Metabolites of neuroinflammation relate to neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury.

ObjectiveTo determine whether cervical cord levels of metabolites are associated with pain sensation after spinal cord injury (SCI) by performing magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with SCI with and without neuropathic pain (NP).MethodsCervical cord single-voxel spectroscopic data of 24 patients with SCI (14 with NP, 10 pain-free) and 21 healthy controls were acquired at C2/3 to investigate metabolite ratios associated with neuroinflammation (choline-containing compounds to myoinositol [tCho/mI]) and neurodegeneration (total N-acetylaspartate to myo-inositol [tNAA/mI]). NP levels were measured, and Spearman correlation tests assessed associations between metabolite levels, cord atrophy, and pinprick score.ResultsIn patients with NP, tCho/mI levels were increased (p = 0.024) compared to pain-free patients and negatively related to cord atrophy (p = 0.006, r = 0.714). Better pinprick score was associated with higher tCho/mI levels (p = 0.032, r = 0.574). In pain-free patients, tCho/mI levels were not related to cord atrophy (p = 0.881, r = 0.055) or pinprick score (p = 0.676, r = 0.152). tNAA/mI levels were similar in both patient groups (p = 0.396) and were not associated with pinprick score in patients with NP (p = 0.405, r = 0.242) and pain-free patients (p = 0.117, r = 0.527).ConclusionsNeuroinflammatory metabolite levels (i.e., tCho/mI) were elevated in patients with NP, its magnitude being associated with less cord atrophy and greater pain sensation (e.g., pinprick score). This suggests that patients with NP have more residual spinal tissue and greater metabolite turnover than pain-free patients. Neurodegenerative metabolite levels (i.e., tNAA/mI) were associated with greater cord atrophy but unrelated to NP. Identifying the metabolic NP signature provides new NP treatment targets and could improve patient stratification in interventional trials.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that levels of magnetic resonance spectroscopy–identified metabolites of neuroinflammation were elevated in patients with SCI with NP compared to those without NP.

Childhood Trauma is Associated With Redox Ratio in Healthy Controls but Not in Patients With Psychotic Disorders

Studies have implicated childhood trauma (CT) as a risk factor for psychotic disorders, and recent reports have linked CT to elevations in markers of oxidative stress in patient and healthy samples. Moreover, redox ratio imbalance has been implicated in psychotic disorders. This study examined the relationship between CT and redox ratio measured by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with psychotic disorders and healthy controls.

Analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbid skin-picking disorder.

To investigate the neurobiochemical characteristics of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) comorbid skin-picking disorder (SPD), and to provide reference for the pathophysiological basis for OCD. We examined the levels of glutamate and other neurochemicals in ACC of 30 adult OCD patients (13 with comorbid SPD, 17 without SPD), using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 3T. The clinical evaluation and the quantitative analysis of metabolites were carried out in the two groups. OCD patients with comorbid SPD showed significantly lower ACC glutamate than the patients without SPD (P=0.001). In all OCD patients, glutamate was negatively correlated with scores of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (r=-0.55, P=0.002). Moreover, the ACC glutamate of female patients was correlated with the total score of Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (r=0.69, P=0.041) in the OCD with comorbid SPD patients. Alterations of the glutamate content in the ACC are involved in the pathophysiological process of OCD with comorbid SPD, which provides evidence for the study on the pathogenesis of OCD and SPD.

Brain mitochondrial impairment in early-onset Parkinson's disease with or without PINK1 mutation.

PINK1 mutations are likely to affect mitochondrial function. The objective of this study was to study brain mitochondrial function in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease, with or without PINK1 mutations. We investigated brain intracellular pH, mitochondrial activity, and energetics with functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease with PINK1 mutations (n = 10), early-onset Parkinson's disease without PINK1 mutations (n = 10), and healthy sex- and age-matched subjects (n = 20). We measured peak areas of phosphocreatine and beta adenosine triphosphate. The EOPD- group had normal PCr + βATP contents at rest (P = NS) and under activation (P = NS), but reduced contents during recovery (P < 0.001). The EOPD+ group had abnormal PCr + βATP contents at rest (P < 0.001) and during activation (P < 0.001); during recovery, the contents only partially recovered (P < 0.001). Brain intracellular pH alterations were more severe with EOPD+ than with EOPD-. Brain mitochondrial impairments were similar in early-onset Parkinson's disease without PINK1 mutations and late-onset Parkinson's disease. However, mitochondrial impairments were more severe in early-onset Parkinson's disease with PINK1 mutations. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.