Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Diagnosis Research Articles

Reproducibility of MRI Diagnosis of Female Genital Anomalies.

Purpose: To assess and compare intrareader and interreader reproducibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of female genital anomalies (FGAs) using the American Society for Reproductive Medicine-Mullerian anomalies classification 2021 (ASRM-MAC 2021) and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology-European Society for Gynecological Endoscopy (ESHRE-ESGE) 2016 classification. Methods: In this retrospective study, we searched our electronic MRI database from April 2021 to September 2023, selecting MRI studies with FGAs. Seventy-six consecutive studies were included and reviewed by 4 independent radiologists using both classifications. Studies were re-evaluated after 1 month. Reproducibility was assessed using kappa (κ) scores with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Intrareader agreement for MRI diagnosis of FGAs was substantial to excellent, with κ scores ranging from 0.684 (95% CI, 0.534-0.834) to 0.985 (95% CI, 0.963-1.01) using the ASRM-MAC 2021 and from 0.743 (95% CI, 0.621-0.865) to 0.846 (95% CI, 0.719-0.973) using the ESHRE-ESGE 2016 classification. Pairwise interreader agreement was higher with the ASRM-MAC 2021, ranging from moderate (κ = 0.491; 95% CI, 0.341-0.642) to substantial (κ = 0.709; 95% CI, 0.597-0.821), compared to the ESHRE-ESGE 2016 classification, with weak (κ = 0.080; 95% CI, 0.068-0.228) to moderate (κ = 0.511; 95% CI, 0.344-0.678) agreement. Overall interreader agreement was moderate for both classifications (κ = 0.599; 95% CI, 0.562-0.638 for ASRM-MAC 2021 and κ = 0.429; 95% CI, 0.396-0.463 for ESHRE-ESGE 2016 classification), but with significant differences (non-overlapping CIs). Conclusion: The intrareader reproducibility was high for both classifications, whereas the interreader reproducibility was higher using the ASRM-MAC 2021, highlighting the impact of classification criteria on the reproducibility of MRI diagnosis of FGAs.

Correction to “Two‐stage diffusion model deriving FDG‐PET from T1 Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease”

Correction to “Two‐stage diffusion model deriving FDG‐PET from T1 Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease”

Enhanced Segmentation of Ischemic Stroke Lesion in MRI Images Using a Geometrically Customised Deep Convolution Model (GCDCM)

Ischemic stroke lesion often known as a stroke, is a significant health issue that requires accurate analysis and classification of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. In this study, we propose a novel deep transfer learning approach, called geometrically customized deep convolution model, for the purpose of MRI analysis and classification of brain stroke. Neurostroke segmentation is a serious medical image processing challenge. Segmented regions aid disease identification and treatment. Anywhere can form thrombi. Segmentation facilitates automatic detection because they can be any size or shape. Popular image analysis tool MRI diagnoses well. This diagnostic method shows brain stroke architecture. MRI must replace manual detection. Online datasets recommended cerebral stroke detection and segmentation. Deep learning model MRI scans and detectron 2 with masked CNN Nets segment thrombus. This net architecture recognises dataset stroke boundaries. Classifying strokes with vgg16, resnet50, inceptionv3, and resnet5 transfer learning is possible. Mask the image, then binary predict by eliminating the skull, extracting features, and iterating to find stroke. The model and thrombus mask are predicted if the binary prediction matches the human forecast. Otherwise, data processing resumes. Binary prediction uses the segmentation region and pixels overlap between the ground truth and predicted segmentation to calculate parameters. Compared to reality, the categorization of medical images with weak signals seems tough, especially with a short "train" dataset. Mixing deep learning architectures avoids these drawbacks and extracts signals to accurately classify classes. Deep neural networks best recognise, find, and divide computer vision objects for clinical image analysis. Preprocessing MRI scans, skull stripping with deep CNN architecture combinational net, and brain stroke segmentation are our main tasks. Modern medical image processing is hard. Flexible and uneven borders make brain strokes hard to identify and segment. The transfer learning-based super pixel approach segments brainstrokes. Because we predict every visual pixel, dense prediction occurs. Early discovery of thrombus improves treatment and survival. These procedures have considerably improved our quality indexes.

The value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the fetal body: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To undertake a systematic review to assess the accuracy of fetal MRI in diagnosis of non-CNS congenital anomalies of the fetal body in comparison with antenatal ultrasound when correlated to postnatal diagnosis. Searches were conducted from electronic databases, key journals and reference lists for eligible papers. Inclusion criteria was original research studies comparing the diagnostic results of antenatal ultrasound, fetal MRI and final postnatal diagnosis via imaging, surgery or post-mortem testing. Studies of CNS anomalies were excluded. Studies were assessed for risk of bias by two reviewers working independently and data was then extracted by a single reviewer. 12 studies were included with a total of 361 eligible patients who underwent USS and MRI and had a postnatal diagnosis. USS alone had a diagnostic accuracy of 60.6% whereas MRI had an improved diagnostic accuracy of 86.4%. The overall odds ratio was 0.86 (CI 0.202-1.519 and p-value < 0.01). Fetal MRI makes a significant contribution to accurate diagnosis of congenital abnormalities of the fetal body; especially in genito-urinary anomalies. More research is needed to improve the evidence base for the role of fetal MRI in diagnosis of congenital anomalies in other body systems.

A retrospective case-control study evaluating systemic blood pressure and heart rate in dogs with brain herniation under general anesthesia

ObjectiveTo examine whether increased systemic arterial blood pressure (ABP) and decreased heart rate (HR) under inhalant anesthesia were suggestive of the Cushing reflex (CR) in dogs with neurological diseases based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Study designRetrospective case-control studyAnimals or Animal population: A sample of 137 client owned dogs admitted to two veterinary teaching hospitals for diagnosis and patient care due to suspected intracranial disease from 2005–2020. All dogs underwent general anesthesia for MRI of the brain. MethodsBased on MRI study reports, dogs were divided into three study groups: dogs with suspected brain herniation, dogs with an abnormal MRI finding but without suspicion of herniation, or dogs with structurally unremarkable brains (control). Initial evaluation by an anesthesiologist resulted in 58 cases selected for further review based on suspicion of having intracranial hypertension, as indicated by ABP and HR changes under anesthesia. Anesthetic records were randomized and independently reviewed by three board certified anesthesiologists blinded to MRI diagnosis who allocated each dog into one of three groups: (1) likely to have CR, (2) unlikely to have CR, or (3) insufficient data for determination. ResultsOf the 58 cases evaluated, 9 cases were considered likely to have CR and 48 were considered unlikely to have CR. In one case, the anesthesiologists were unable to determine whether CR occurred. Of the 9 dogs with likely CR, 3 had an MRI diagnosis of intracranial herniation. The remaining 6 dogs suspected of CR belonged to the normal brain group. Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceABP and HR changes associated with CR are not reliably associated with brain herniation in dogs undergoing general anesthesia.

Rationale and design of the French cohort of acute myocarditis diagnosed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MyocarditIRM)

BackgroundAcute myocarditis usually presents as chest pain with rising troponin and normal coronary arteries. Despite frequent favourable evolution at the acute phase, it is associated with heart failure and ventricular rhythm disorders, and is considered the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young, apparently healthy, adults. There are no specific recommendations for acute myocarditis diagnosis and management, only expert consensus, given the lack of large databases. AimThe main objective is to describe the contemporary presentation of acute myocarditis, its management and in-hospital outcomes. Secondary objectives are to investigate survival and event-free survival for up to 10years of follow-up, the determinants of prognosis, the modalities of treatment and follow-up and the gaps between expert consensus and real-life management. MethodsMyocarditIRM is a prospective multicentre cohort that enrolled 803 consecutive patients with acute myocarditis in 49 participating centres in France between 01 May 2016 and 28 February 2019. The diagnosis of acute myocarditis was acknowledged by cardiac magnetic resonance, using the Lake Louise Criteria. Exclusion criteria were age<18years, lack of health coverage, contraindication to cardiac magnetic resonance and refusal to participate. Detailed information was collected prospectively, starting at admission. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (diagnosis and follow-up) is analysed centrally by the certified core laboratory IHU ICAN. Ten years of follow-up for each patient is ensured by linking with the French National Health Database, and includes information on death, hospital admissions, major clinical events and drug consumption. ConclusionThis prospective cohort with long-term follow-up represents the largest database on acute myocarditis worldwide, and will improve knowledge about its presentation, management and outcomes.

As fast as an X-ray: real-time magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis in children and adolescents.

Idiopathic scoliosis is common in adolescence. Due to the rapid growth of the spine, it must be monitored closely with radiographs to ensure timely intervention when therapy is needed. As these radiographs continue into young adulthood, patients are repeatedly exposed to ionizing radiation. This study aimed to investigate whether real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is equivalent to conventional radiography in juvenile idiopathic scoliosis for determining curvature, rotation and the Risser stage. Additionally, the time requirement should be quantified. Children with idiopathic scoliosis who had postero-anterior whole-spine radiography for clinical indications were included in this prospective study. A real-time spine MRI was performed at 3 tesla in the supine position, capturing images in both the coronal and sagittal planes. The scoliosis was assessed using Cobb angle, rotation was evaluated based on Nash and Moe criteria, and the Risser stage was determined for each modality. The correlations between modalities and a correction factor for the Cobb angle between the standing and supine position were calculated. A total of 33 children (aged 5-17years), who met the inclusion criteria, were recruited. The Cobb angle (R2 = 0.972; P < 0.01) was positively correlated with a correction factor of 1.07 between modalities. Additionally, the degree of rotation (R2 = 0.92; P < 0.01) and the Risser stage (R2 = 0.93; P < 0.01) demonstrated a strong correlation. Real-time MRI is equivalent to conventional radiography in determining baseline parameters. Furthermore, it is radiation-free and less time-consuming.

Intracranial extra-axial chondromas: clues to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis.

We aimed to describe the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of intracranial extra-axial chondroma. We retrospectively evaluated the imaging findings of CT and MR examinations of six patients (three men and three women, aged 21-66 years) with histopathological diagnoses of intracranial extra-axial chondroma. Four tumors were located in the frontal region and two in the cavernous sinus. All the tumors showed low signals on diffusion-weighted images and high signals on apparent diffusion coefficient maps without restricted diffusion. There was no perifocal edema in all the tumors. Cavernous sinus chondromas were associated with bone erosion and anterior displacement of the internal carotid arteries, but without calcification. Calcification was present in all frontal chondromas. All the tumors revealed low signals on T1-weighted MR images. Frontal chondromas revealed mixed signals, but cavernous sinus chondromas were brightly hyperintense on T2-weighted MR images. No enhancement was detected in the two chondromas. An intense homogeneous enhancement was detected in a cavernous sinus chondroma. The imaging appearances of frontal extra-axial chondromas and cavernous sinus chondromas may have different imaging appearances. Although there is a wide range of imaging findings, the absence of restricted diffusion, perifocal edema, enhancement, and presence of low signals on T1-weighted MR images in a well-circumscribed calcified extra-axial mass should suggest an intracranial chondroma.

Evaluation of an ultrasound-guided freeze-core biopsy system for canine and feline brain tumors.

To determine if a single brain biopsy utilizing a freeze-core needle harvest system Cassi II under ultrasound guidance provides a diagnostic sample; to evaluate the technique's efficacy in procuring diagnostic samples in comparison with "open" surgical biopsies; and to describe intraoperative complications associated with the technique. Experimental clinical study. Seventeen dogs and four cats with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnoses of readily surgically accessible intracranial masses. Immediately prior to surgical biopsy (SB), freeze-core biopsy (FCB) sample was obtained from each patient under ultrasound guidance. Histopathology results from single FCB samples were found to be in 100% agreement with the SB samples. Freezing artifact was minimal and did not interfere with histopathologic interpretation. There were no intraoperative complications specifically attributable to the use of the FCB system. Based on the results of this small experimental study, the FCB system is expected to safely yield diagnostic quality intracranial masses biopsy specimens. This system has the potential of obtaining diagnostic biopsies of more deeply seated brain lesions (i.e., intra-axial tumors considered inaccessible or with large risks/difficulties by standard surgical means) which would provide a definitive diagnosis to guide appropriate therapy.

Deep learning-based reconstruction enhances image quality and improves diagnosis in magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder joint.

Accelerated magnetic resonance imaging sequences reconstructed using the vendor-provided Recon deep learning algorithm (DL-MRI) were found to be more likely than conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences to detect subacromial (SbA) bursal thickening. However, the extent of this thickening was not extensively explored. This study aimed to compare the image quality of DL-MRI with conventional MRI sequences reconstructed via conventional pipelines (Conventional-MRI) for shoulder examinations and evaluate the effectiveness of DL-MRI in accurately demonstrating the degree of SbA bursal and subcoracoid (SC) bursal thickening. This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 41 patients with chronic shoulder pain who underwent 3-T MRI (including both Conventional-MRI and accelerated MRI sequences) of the shoulder between December 2022 and April 2023. Each protocol consisted of oblique axial, coronal, and sagittal images, including proton density-weighted imaging (PDWI) with fat suppression (FS) and oblique coronal T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) with FS. The image quality and degree of artifacts were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale for both Conventional-MRI and DL-MRI. Additionally, the degree of SbA and SC bursal thickening, as well as the relative signal-to-noise ratio (rSNR) and relative contrast-to-noise ratio (rCNR) were analyzed using the paired Wilcoxon test. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. The utilization of accelerated sequences resulted in a remarkable 54.7% reduction in total scan time. Overall, DL-MRI exhibited superior image quality scores and fewer artifacts compared to Conventional-MRI. Specifically, DL-MRI demonstrated significantly higher measurements of SC bursal thickenings in the oblique sagittal PDWI sequence compared to Conventional-MRI [3.92 (2.83, 5.82) vs. 3.74 (2.92, 5.96) mm, P=0.028]. Moreover, DL-MRI exhibited higher detection of SbA bursal thickenings in the oblique coronal PDWI sequence [2.61 (1.85, 3.46) vs. 2.48 (1.84, 3.25) mm], with a notable trend towards significant differences (P=0.071). Furthermore, the rSNRs of the muscle in DL-MRI images were significantly higher than those in Conventional-MRI images across most sequences (P<0.001). However, the rSNRs of bone on Conventional-MRI of oblique axial and oblique coronal PDWI sequences showed adverse results [oblique axial: 1.000 (1.000, 1.000) vs. 0.444 (0.367, 0.523); and oblique coronal: 1.000 (1.000, 1.000) vs. 0.460 (0.387, 0.631); all P<0.001]. Additionally, all DL-MRI images exhibited significantly greater rSNRs and rCNRs compared to accelerated MRI sequences reconstructed using traditional pipelines (P<0.001). In conclusion, the utilization of DL-MRI enhances image quality and improves diagnostic capabilities, making it a promising alternative to Conventional-MRI for shoulder imaging.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of local prostate cancer recurrence after radiation therapy and radical prostatectomy: a unified PI-RR reporting system

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has an indisputable advantage in diagnosis of local recurrences of prostate cancer (PCa). Even though mpMRI has been shown to be very informative for detection of local PCa recurrences, high variability in its application and interpretation remains. Experts from the European Society for Urogenital Radiology (ESUR), the Imaging Committee of the European Association of Urology (ESUI), and several members of the PI-RADS committee developed a unified report system called Prostate Imaging Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR) to measure the risk of local recurrence of PCa in men who have had radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy and are being followed up. The principles of mpMRI that form the basis of PI-RR are well known and are stated in the PI-RADS v.2.1 guidelines, which have proven their diagnostic efficiency. The PI-RR system has the potential to become an important tool for improving communication between specialists involved in the process of PCa diagnosis and treatment, for optimizing treatment strategy in patients with local PCa recurrence, and for improving survival rates in patients with PCa after specialized anticancer treatment.

Avulsions in adolescent soccer players: preliminary results of radiographic, ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance findings

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to characterize soccer related avulsions radiologically. The secondary objectives were to describe the athletes' clinical profile and other musculoskeletal changes associated with avulsions. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study with adolescent athletes from a Brazilian team soccer academy. Inclusion criteria were age between 11 and 16 years and clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of avulsion. Exclusion criteria were exams with an unacceptable technical standard and absence of clinical data. Four radiologists revised the exams consensually (two for each method). The equipment used was a General Electric (GE) US scanner, model Logic 10, and a 1.5 T MRI GE scanner, Optima MR 360 model, and a Shimadzu RX scanner, Radspeed MC model. Results and discussion: Nine showed signs of avulsion from a sample of 37 athletes. The mean age was 13.1 years, and all were male. Four athletes were injured during the matches (44.4%), and another five were in training (55.6%). Clinically, one injury was considered mild (11.1%), two moderate (22.2%), and six severe (66.7%). The anatomical locations and frequencies of avulsions were: five in the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) (55.6%), two in the ischiatic tuberosity (IT) (22.2%), and two in the iliac crest (22.2%). Ultrasonography (US) was performed in 10 cases and detected seven avulsions (77.8%). All lesions not detected by US occurred at the IT. A pelvic radiograph was performed in seven cases and was positive in five athletes (77.8%). Undetected cases occurred at the AIIS. Avulsions occurred in isolation in eight cases (88.9%), simultaneously with indirect trauma in three (33.3%) and direct trauma in two (22.2%). Conclusion: In adolescent soccer players, a quarter of traumatic injuries are avulsions, which are more common at the AIIS. US proved ineffective in identifying some IT lesions and radiography, some others at the AIIS.

Clinical predictors of syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with chiari-like malformation based on owners’ observations

BackgroundSyringomyelia (SM) is a prevalent inherited developmental condition in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) with Chiari-like malformation (CM), accompanied by a variety of clinical manifestations, including signs of neuropathic pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard in SM diagnosis. However, it is desirable to establish clinical predictors that can identify CKCSs with a large clinical syrinx that needs treatment, as some owners cannot afford or lack access to MRI. The aims of the study were to investigate owner-reported clinical signs of SM and clinical predictors of a large clinical syrinx, using predictive values of significant signs, individually and in combinations. Eighty-nine CKCSs participated in this retrospective study. Based on MRI diagnosis, dogs were distributed into three groups: CM without syrinx or with a maximum transverse width < 2 mm (n = 13), CM with small syrinx 2.00-3.99 mm (n = 26) and CM with large syrinx ≥4 mm (n = 50). A structured investigator-owner interview using a standardized questionnaire was used to collect data regarding clinical signs of CM and SM. The statistical tests Pearson’s chi-square, Fisher’s Exact and Spearman’s rank order were used to assess the difference in owner-reported signs between groups. For signs with significant differences, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were calculated.ResultsFollowing clinical signs were reported significantly more frequent in dogs with a large syrinx: phantom scratching, bilateral scratching of the neck or shoulder, aversion when that area is touched, or exacerbation of clinical signs when the dog is emotionally aroused. Each individual sign had a high PPV, indicative of a large clinical syrinx. The PPV increased further when the signs phantom scratching, aversion to touch to the head, neck or shoulder, and a preferred head posture during sleep were present in combination.ConclusionsSpecific clinical signs can be used individually and in combination as clinical predictors of a large clinical syrinx in CKCSs with CM and SM. General practitioners can utilize this information to identify CKCSs with a large syrinx to initiate necessary treatment. This is particularly useful in cases where access to or affordability of an MRI diagnosis is limited.

Anterolateral Ligament and Kaplan Fiber Injury Both Occur Frequently in Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Injured Knees.

The association of ALL and KF injuries in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees remain topics of conflicting research despite improved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aimed to evaluate the rate of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) and Kaplan fibers (KF) injuries in adults with acute ACL injuries using MRI. We retrospectively reviewed 64 patients with clinical and MRI diagnoses of acute ACL tears. Two radiologists analyzed and categorized the status of the ALL and KF in all patients as intact, partially injured, or completely injured. Interobserver agreement was assessed. Injuries to the collateral ligaments, ITB and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) were also evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 33 years. ALL injuries were observed in 46 (71%) patients, among whom 33 (71%) had partial and 13 (28%) had complete injuries. KF injuries were identified in 32 (50%) patients, with 28 (87.5%) of them having partial and 4 (12.5%) having complete injuries. Combined injuries of both ALL and KF were found in 25 (32.4%) patients (p-value of 0.266). The agreement between the examiners ranged from moderate to substantial (Kappa between 0.55 and 0.75), with the highest agreement observed in cases of KF injuries (Kappa = 0.75). ALL and KF injuries were prevalent in acute ACL-injured knees with rates of injury of 71% and 50%, respectively. ALL injuries were more frequent and more frequently severe compared to KF injuries.

Role of Dynamic Ultrasound versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

Role of Dynamic Ultrasound versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

The value of a repeat MRI examination of the sacroiliac joints following an inconclusive initial examination.

Assess the diagnostic utility of repeat sacroiliac joint (SIJ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations following an inconclusive initial examination performed for suspected sacroiliitis. Subjects with > 1 SIJ MRI examinations, an inconclusive first scan and at least 6 months interval between scans, were included. All scans were evaluated for the presence of structural/active SIJ lesions as well as any other pathology. Clinical data was extracted from the patients' clinical files, and any missing data was obtained by a telephone interview. Diagnosis and active/structural scores were compared between first and follow-up examinations (t test). Seventy-one subjects were included in the study, 77.4% females, mean age 41.0 ± 15 years, mean time interval between exams 30.4 ± 25.24 months. Twelve subjects performed > 2 scans. In only two subjects (2.81%), both females, MRI diagnosis changed from inconclusive to definite sacroiliitis. None of the subjects with > 2 scans had evidence of sacroiliitis in any of the following MRI examinations. Significant differences were observed between the scores of active SIJ lesion of the first and follow-up MRI (1.51/1.62, p = 0.02) but not for scores of structural lesions (1.22/1.68, p = 0.2). Repeat SIJ MRI when the first MRI is inconclusive for sacroiliitis is more valuable in ruling out than in securing diagnosis of sacroiliitis. We suggest that when MRI findings are inconclusive, decision-making should be based on clinical data.

Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI in Detecting the Perineural Spread of Head and Neck Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of this study was to review the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detecting perineural spreading (PNS) of head and neck tumors using histopathological or surgical evidence from the afflicted nerve as the reference standard. Previous studies in the English language published in the last 30 years were searched from PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies that used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (with and without contrast enhancement) to detect PNS, as well as the histological or surgical confirmation of PNS, and that reported the exact numbers of patients required for assessing diagnostic accuracy. The outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Heterogeneity was assessed with the Higgins inconsistency test (I2). P-values smaller than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A total of 11 retrospective studies were found, reporting 319 nerve samples from 245 patients. Meta-analytic estimates and their 95% confidence intervals were as follows: sensitivity 0.85 (0.70-0.95), specificity 0.85 (0.80-0.89), PPV 0.86 (0.70-0.94), and NPV 0.85 (0.71-0.93). We found statistically significant heterogeneity for sensitivity (I2 = 72%, p = 0.003) and PPV (I2 = 70%, p = 0.038), but not for NPV (I2 = 65%, p = 0.119) or specificity (I2 = 12%, p = 0.842). The most frequent MRI features of PNS were nerve enlargement and enhancement. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma were the most common tumor types, and the facial and trigeminal nerves were the most commonly affected nerves in PNS. Only a few studies provided examples of false MRI diagnoses. MRI demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy in depicting PNS of cranial nerves, yet this statement was based on scarce and heterogeneous evidence.

Unlocking the Molecular Variations of a Micron-Scale Amyloid Plaque in an Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease by a Cellular-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Imaging Platform.

Uncovering the molecular changes at the site where Aβ is deposited plays a critical role in advancing the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. However, there is currently a lack of a suitable label-free imaging method with a high spatial resolution for brain tissue analysis. In this study, we propose a modified desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) method, called segmented temperature-controlled DESI (STC-DESI), to achieve high-resolution and high-sensitivity spatial metabolomics observation by precisely controlling desorption and ionization temperatures. By concentrating the spray plume and accelerating solvent evaporation at different temperatures, we achieved an impressive spatial resolution of 20 μm that enables direct observation of the heterogeneity around a single cell or an individual Aβ plaque and an exciting sensitivity that allows a variety of low-abundance metabolites and less ionizable neutral lipids to be detected. We applied this STC-DESI method to analyze the brains of transgenic AD mice and identified molecular changes associated with individual Aβ aggregates. More importantly, our study provides the first evidence that carnosine is significantly depleted and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) levels rise sharply around Aβ deposits. These observations highlight the potential of carnosine as a sensitive molecular probe for clinical magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis and the potential of 5-CQA as an efficient therapeutic strategy for Aβ clearance in the early AD stage. Overall, our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our STC-DESI method and shed light on the potential roles of these molecules in AD pathology, specifically in cellular endocytosis, gray matter network disruption, and paravascular Aβ clearance.

The automatic diagnosis artificial intelligence system for preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of uterine sarcoma.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is efficient for the diagnosis of preoperative uterine sarcoma; however, misdiagnoses may occur. In this study, we developed a new artificial intelligence (AI) system to overcome the limitations of requiring specialists to manually process datasets and a large amount of computer resources. The AI system comprises a tumor image filter, which extracts MRI slices containing tumors, and sarcoma evaluator, which diagnoses uterine sarcomas. We used 15 types of MRI patient sequences to train deep neural network (DNN) models used by tumor filter and sarcoma evaluator with 8 cross-validation sets. We implemented tumor filter and sarcoma evaluator using ensemble prediction technique with 9 DNN models. Ten tumor filters and sarcoma evaluator sets were developed to evaluate fluctuation accuracy. Finally, AutoDiag-AI was used to evaluate the new validation dataset, including 8 cases of sarcomas and 24 leiomyomas. Tumor image filter and sarcoma evaluator accuracies were 92.68% and 90.50%, respectively. AutoDiag-AI with the original dataset accuracy was 89.32%, with 90.47% sensitivity and 88.95% specificity, whereas AutoDiag-AI with the new validation dataset accuracy was 92.44%, with 92.25% sensitivity and 92.50% specificity. Our newly established AI system automatically extracts tumor sites from MRI images and diagnoses them as uterine sarcomas without human intervention. Its accuracy is comparable to that of a radiologist. With further validation, the system could be applied for diagnosis of other diseases. Further improvement of the system's accuracy may enable its clinical application in the future.

Compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI) diagnosis of rotator cuff tears

Compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI) diagnosis of rotator cuff tears