Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green Synthesis of Some 2‐Amino‐4 h‐Benzo[H]Chromene Derivatives in the Presence of Bimetallic Nanocomposite Based on Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles at Ambient Conditions

AbstractIn this research, some of 2‐amino‐4H‐benzo[h]chromene derivatives were synthesized by multicomponent reaction of 1‐naphthol, benzaldehyde derivatives and malononitrile. The reaction was performed under green conditions using water as the solvent in the presence of heterogeneous nano catalyst containing Co(II) and Cu(II) stabilized on magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles/tannic acid (M–MSN/TA/Co(II),Cu(II)) at room temperature. The prepared catalyst showed excellent efficiency and its magnetic properties allow easy separation. The structure and morphology of prepared catalyst was identified using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating‐sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis. All of products were obtained in high to excellent yields (78–94 %) after short reaction times (20–45 min) in optimal conditions and their structures were confirmed using FT‐IR and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic techniques. This study shows that the M–MSN/TA/Cu(II), Co(II) presents a good catalytic activity, reusability and stability compared to other catalysts.

GSH-responsive magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient controlled drug delivery in tumor cells

In this study, glutathione (GSH)-responsive magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles grafted by disulfide organosilicon (SMNPs) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as controlled drug carriers. The nanoparticles exhibited consistent dispersion, considerable drug-loading capacity, and high saturation magnetization. Importantly, they demonstrated the ability to release doxorubicin (DOX) by up to 43% in a reducing tumor microenvironment, highlighting their potential for targeted therapy. In addition, the SMNPs displayed favorable biocompatibility, making them suitable for biomedical applications. Most notably, the SMNPs loaded with DOX effectively killed both HepG2 and HeLa cancer cells, while also showing efficient cellular uptake in HeLa cells. These findings suggest that SMNPs are a promising platform for magnetic-targeted and GSH-responsive delivery of therapeutic agents.

Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with peptides for the targeted repair of cavernous nerve injury underlying erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual disorder characterized by repeated or persistent difficulty in achieving or maintaining an erection. It can arise from various factors, with cavernous nerve injury (CNI) from radical prostatectomy being a predominant cause of iatrogenic ED, posing significant clinical concerns. The complexity of cavernous tissue damage in CNI-induced ED (CNIED) often results in poor efficacy and resistance to conventional vascular ED treatments. To address CNI-induced ED, this study developed a system of magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with peptides for targeted treatment. Core-shell Fe3O4-coated MSNs were used as drug carriers and loaded with RADA16-I/RAD-RGI peptides (PD) to create a neurotrophic microenvironment to treat peripheral nerve defects. Furthermore, the neuro-targeting peptide HLNILSTLWKYR (PT) was grafted onto MSNs. The in vivo therapeutic effect was evaluated using a rat bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) model. The results showed that the neuro-targeted Fe3O4@SiO2-PT-PD nanoparticles significantly promoted regeneration of the cavernous nerve and restored erectile function. This promising strategy offers significant clinical potential for treating CNI-induced ED. Nanomedicine technology has the potential to not only improve treatment outcomes but also reduce side effects in healthy cells, paving the way for more accurate targeted repair of cavernous nerve damage.

Magnetically actuated cisplatin-loaded nanoparticle collectives enhance drug penetration for potentiated ovarian cancer chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the main clinical treatment for ovarian cancer, but still faces challenges of low drug targeting efficiency and insufficient drug permeability. Drug-loaded nanoparticle collectives, which are actuated by magnetic field, could be targeted to a designated location and achieve targeted drug delivery. In this work, we report a strategy that utilizes magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with cis-diaminodichloroplatinum (Fe3O4@SiO2-CDDP) for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and enhances penetration into deep tumors. The Fe3O4@SiO2-CDDP collectives actively moved to the target tumor site, and this movement was regulated by a magnetic actuation system. Under the action of a torque-force hybrid magnetic field (TFMF), Fe3O4@SiO2-CDDP could further penetrate into the interior of tumors and achieve pH-responsive drug release in the tumor environment. The feasibility of this strategy was verified in three-dimensional cell spheres in vitro and in a tumor-bearing mouse model in vivo. This magnetically actuated nanoparticle collectives enhanced drug penetration strategy provides a new paradigm for targeted drug delivery and potentiated tumor therapy.

Stepwise synthesis of magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles decorated with SnO2 quantum dots as an efficient, recyclable, and green nanocatalyst for the synthesis of benzo[a]pyrano[3,2‐c]phenazine derivatives

In this research, magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles decorated with SnO2 quantum dots (M‐MSNs/SnO2[QDs]) were successfully synthesized and characterized using several advanced techniques including FT‐IR, XRD, FE‐SEM, EDS, elemental mapping, VSM, and BET. This study demonstrates the synthesis of benzo[a]pyrano[3,2‐c]phenazine derivatives via a four‐component reaction between 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, ortho‐phenylenediamine, malononitrile, and benzaldehyde derivatives in the presence of M‐MSNs/SnO2(QDs) in ethanol as a green solvent. The proposed catalyst efficiently catalyzed the synthesis of these compounds with yields of 87–96% in 70–100 minutes. The presented method offers a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly approach with numerous advantages, including high product yields, simple operation, short reaction times, low‐cost purification, and facile catalyst recovery.

PH and temperature dual-responsive magnetic yolk-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery

New magnetic yolk-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4@V-mSiO2-PNVCL) were prepared by grafting temperature-sensitive amino-terminated poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL-NH2) on the surface of aldehyde-functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4@V-mSiO2-CHO) through a Schiff base reaction. Various characterizations were used to confirm the structures, and the drug loading and release behaviors were studied. The drug loading was achieved as PNVCL stretched at room temperature and the drug loading content was up to 54.7% due to the large cavities. The encapsulation of drug from leakage in the blood environment was realized as PNVCL collapsed at physiological temperature. The fracture of pH-liable imine bonds in a slightly acidic tumor environment triggered the burst release of cargo. The Fe3O4@V-mSiO2-PNVCL showed super paramagnetic behavior (21.01 emu∙g−1) which could achieve magnetic targeting. The MTT assay confirmed that the nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the cellular uptake experiments indicated that DOX-loaded nanoparticles were successfully internalized into cancer cells. Therefore, the composite nanoparticles are ideal choices for drug carriers.

Mitoxantrone-Derivative Drug Structure-Directing Agent for the Synthesis of Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Treatment

Mitoxantrone-Derivative Drug Structure-Directing Agent for the Synthesis of Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Treatment

MRI-traceable multifunctional magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMSN) capped with graphene quantum dots (GQD) as a theragnostic system in colorectal cancer treatment

In the study, a multifunctional nanosystem composed of magnetic core-mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMSN) capped with graphene quantum dots (GQD) was proposed as a theragnostic platform against colorectal cancer cells. The theragnostic carrier was well characterized and had an average particle size of 140 nm, with a specific surface of 475.82 m2 g−1. The superparamagnetic nanoparticles showed a hysteresis loop, with a maximum magnetization of 14.93 emu.g−1 and a remanence of 2.64 emu.g−1. The functionalization of MMSN was confirmed using the ninhydrin test. Regorafenib (REGO), an anticancer drug, was used with a loading capacity of 77.5 μg mg−1. The drug release profiles from the carrier and the sensitivity of the interaction between MMSN and GQD to pH were examined, revealing that more drug release was observed in acidic pH. The cytotoxicity of the MMSN-REGO/GQD system was evaluated on colorectal cancer cell line SW-480 using MTT assay, and the results indicated that no cytotoxicity was observed for the MMSN/GQD carrier. Furthermore, the IC50 of REGO was significantly reduced from 85 μg ml−1 to 6 μg ml−1 in the loaded form. The response of MMSN/GQD nanoparticles to the external magnetic field exhibited the capability of the theragnostic system as an MRI contrast agent. Generally, biocompatible, theragnostic, pH-responsive, multifunctional MMSN/GQD can be considered promising candidates for treatment, MRI imaging, and hyperthermia in colorectal cancer treatment.

Modification of magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles with antimicrobial peptide as recyclable and durable antibacterial agents

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a significant role in combating antimicrobial resistance. However, the applications of AMPs are constricted by insufficient stability under physiological conditions. Therefore, developing novel and effective antibacterial materials with AMPs is an urgent demand. In this study, magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles were fabricated through a facile method and stable modifications of AMPs through the bond formation of Fe-S in the mesopores. The resultant nanoparticles (denoted as Fe3O4@mSiO2@CysHHC10) consisted of Fe3O4 core, SiO2 out layer with cylindrical mesoporous channels, and abundant CysHHC10 immobilized in the mesopores. Fe3O4@mSiO2@CysHHC10 exhibited powerful antibacterial performance against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Also, owing to the CysHHC10 being sheltered with mesoporous channels, Fe3O4@mSiO2@CysHHC10 retained almost more than 99.9% antibacterial efficiency for bacteria throughout nine cycles. Furthermore, the resultant nanoparticles exhibit favorable biocompatibility in vitro. This work provides a novel way for the fabrication of antibacterial magnetic materials with recyclable and durable antibacterial activity.

Magnetic dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles based integrated platform for rapid and efficient analysis of saccharides

BackgroundAs an essential compound in living organism, saccharides have attracted enormous attentions from scientists in various fields. Understanding the distribution of saccharides in various samples is of great scientific importance. However, the low signal response and lack of specific recognition technology of saccharides and the complex matrix of samples make the analysis of saccharides a very challenge task. Thus, the development of a simple and straightforward strategy for the analysis of saccharides would represent a great contribution to the field. ResultsIn this study, by employing the sulfonyl functionalized magnetic dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles as the substrate, we develop an integrated platform for analysis of saccharides. The construction of the platform mainly relied on multi-functional boronic acid, which serves as separation and derivation ligands at the same time. In the general procedure, the boronic acid is first immobilized onto the surface of substrate, then the selective enrichment of saccharides can be realized via boronate affinity separation. Finally, by the rational choice of the solution, we are able to elute the labelled complex (boronic acid-saccharide) from the substrate, which can be direct subjected to HPLC-UV analysis. The reliable precision (<15 %), accuracy (80–100 %), reproducibility (<10 %), improved sensitivity (20x) and limited time-consuming (down to minutes) of the proposed platform are experimentally demonstrated. Significance and noveltyThe successful quantification of different saccharides (alditols, glucose) in real samples is achieved. The proposed strategy is not only straightforward and fast, but also avoid the requirement of special equipment. With these attractive features, we believe that this strategy will greatly prompt the analysis of saccharides in various samples (eg. food, pharmaceutics and biosamples).

One particle three targets: Phosphate anion-modified magnetic mesoporous silica with enhanced fluorescence for sensitive detection, efficient adsorption, and repeated removal of uranium (VI) ions

An ideal adsorbent material that combines the multiple capabilities of sensitive detection, efficient adsorption, and repeatable removal of uranium (U) from the environment remains a serious challenge. Herin, a general method was developed for synthesizing a series of phosphate anions (such as: PO43-, P2O74-, P3O105- and P6O186-) modified magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe3O4 @mSiO2-Zn2+ NPs). The mesoporous surfaces and abundant phosphate groups provide potential, powerful uranium-binding sites for capturing U(VI) ions. Especially, the optimum adsorption capacity of Fe3O4 @mSiO2-Zn2+/P3O105- NPs was as high as 885.90 mg·g−1 (298 K), which was higher than that of unmodified or other phosphate anions-modified Fe3O4 @mSiO2-Zn2+ NPs. Meanwhile, P3O105--binding sites and mesoporous surfaces also strongly restrict U(VI) ions’ fluorescence vibrational inactivation, the adsorption results in rapid green fluorescence enhancement (within 180 s), and an ultra-low detection limit (4.5 nmol·L–1), which is well below the standard in drinking water of the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, even after 5 cycles, the adsorbent still maintained their original adsorption capacity of 80.21% and displayed excellent selectivity for detecting and removing U(VI) from seawater. Based on these results, the Fe3O4 @mSiO2-Zn2+/P3O105- NPs seem to be a suitable multifunctional adsorbent for the detection, adsorption, and removal of U(VI) from environment.

Upscale Synthesis of Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Application to Metal Ion Separation: Nanosafety Evaluation.

The synthesis of core-shell magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles (MMSNs) through a phase transfer process is usually performed at the 100-250 mg scale. At the gram scale, nanoparticles without cores or with multicore systems are observed. Iron oxide core nanoparticles (IO) were synthesized through a thermal decomposition procedure of α-FeO(OH) in oleic acid. A phase transfer from chloroform to water was then performed in order to wrap the IO nanoparticles with a mesoporous silica shell through the sol-gel procedure. MMSNs were then functionalized with DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid) and used for the separation of metal ions. Their toxicity was evaluated. The phase transfer procedure was crucial to obtaining MMSNs on a large scale. Three synthesis parameters were rigorously controlled: temperature, time and glassware. The homogeneous dispersion of MMSNs on the gram scale was successfully obtained. After functionalization with DTPA, the MMSN-DTPAs were shown to have a strong affinity for Ni ions. Furthermore, toxicity was evaluated in cells, zebrafish and seahorse cell metabolic assays, and the nanoparticles were found to be nontoxic. We developed a method of preparing MMSNs at the gram scale. After functionalization with DTPA, the nanoparticles were efficient in metal ion removal and separation; furthermore, no toxicity was noticed up to 125 µg mL-1 in zebrafish.

Targeted delivery of elesclomol using a magnetic mesoporous platform improves prostate cancer treatment both in vitro and in vivo

BackgroundTo improve the anticancer properties of elesclomol (ELC), targeted theranostic nanoparticles (NPs; APT-PEG-Au-MMNPs@ELC) were designed to increase the selectivity of the drug delivery system (DDS). Materials and methodsELC was synthesized and entrapped in the open porous structure of magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMNPs). The pore entrance of MMNPs was then blocked using gold gatekeepers. Finally, the external surfaces of the particles were grafted with functional polyethylene glycol (PEG) and EpCAM aptamer to generate biocompatible and targeted NPs. In the next step, the physicochemical properties of prepared NPs were fully evaluated and their anticancer potential was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. ResultsThe targeted NPs were successfully synthesized with a final size diameter of 81.13 ± 7.41 nm. The results indicated a pH-dependent release pattern, which sustained for 72 h despite an initial rapid release. Upon exposure to APT-PEG-Au-MMNPs@ELC, higher cytotoxicity was observed in human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) as compared with control Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, indicating higher specificity of targeted NPs against EpCAM-positive cancerous cells. Moreover, APT-PEG-Au-MMNPs@ELC could induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In vivo results on a PC-3 xenograft tumor model demonstrated that targeted NPs could significantly inhibit tumor growth and diminish severe side effects of ELC, compared to the free drug. ConclusionCollectively, APT-PEG-Au-MMNPs@ELC could be considered a promising theranostic platform for the targeted delivery of ELC to improve its therapeutic effects in prostate cancer.

A pH-Responsive Nanoplatform Based on Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Enhanced Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

A pH-Responsive Nanoplatform Based on Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Enhanced Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Synthesis of core-shell magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles to disperse amine functionalities for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture

BackgroundPost-combustion capture technology appears a suitable approach to reduce the emission of CO2 by power plants. The use of solid sorbents would permit to overcome the limitations of the well-established liquid amine-based absorption process. In particular, mesoporous silica materials have been proposed as suitable sorbents especially if functionalized with amines. MethodsThe properties of as-synthesized (by using dodecylamine as synthesis amine) and calcined hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS), impregnated or not with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), were studied. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were specifically used to obtain HMS core-shell nanoparticles in order to investigate the effect of the magnetite core on CO2 uptake capability. CO2 uptake measurements were carried out on all HMS and core-shell particles. Furthermore, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements allowed analyzing some important properties of the sorbent particles, such as particle aggregation, incorporation and dispersion of amines, surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution. Significant FindingsThe best performance in terms of chemical CO2 uptake was obtained on core-shell material, calcined and impregnated with TEPA (about 89 mg/g), but also the as prepared core-shell sample impregnated with TEPA seems promising since the synthesis dodecylamine sites can be activated during the impregnation process.

Mesoporous Silica-stabilized Magnetite Nanoparticles with Peroxidase-like Activities for Sensitively Detecting Cholesterol in Animal-derived Foods

Sensitive detection of cholesterol in animal-derived foods is crucial for maintaining human healthy diets. In this study, an elegant approach utilizing inorganic nanozyme-based magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMSNs) for the highly sensitive detection of cholesterol in animal-derived food products was reported. The results revealed the fabricated MMSNs exhibited remarkably intrinsic Peroxidase (POD)-like catalytic activities with improved affinity, and the catalytic behavior aligned well with Michaelis–Menten equation. In addition, the data indicated that the MMSNs enabled visual colorimetric detection of cholesterol with a remarkably low detection limit of 7.12μM by combining catalytic oxidation with cholesterol oxidase (ChOx). Furthermore, the prepared MMSNs were successfully employed for assessing cholesterol content in milk and egg yolk samples, indicating potential applications for cholesterol detection in animal-derived foods in future.

A Novel pH-Responsive Iron Oxide Core-Shell Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle (M-MSN) System Encapsulating Doxorubicin (DOX) and Glucose Oxidase (Gox) for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.

This study developed a pancreatic cancer targeted drug delivery system that responds to changes in acidity. The system was based on iron oxide core-shell magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (M-MSNs) to treat pancreatic cancer through combined chemotherapy and starvation therapy. Glucose oxidase (Gox) was coupled to the cancer cell surface to reduce glucose availability for cancer cells, exacerbating the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. Reduced pH accelerated the depolymerization of pH-sensitive polydopamine (PDA), thereby controlling the spatial distribution of Gox and release of doxorubicin (DOX) within tumor cells. Characterization results showed the successful synthesis of DG@M-MSN-PDA-PEG-FA (DG@NPs) with a diameter of 66.02 ± 3.6 nm. In vitro data indicated DG@NPs were highly effective and stable with good cellular uptake shown by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). DG@NPs exhibited high cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis. Additionally, in vivo experiments confirmed DG@NPs effectively inhibited tumor growth in nude mice with good biosafety. The combination of starvation therapy and chemotherapy facilitated drug release, suggesting DG@NPs as a novel drug delivery system for pancreatic cancer treatment. This study successfully constructed a doxorubicin release system responsive to acidity changes for targeted delivery in pancreatic cancer, providing a new strategy for combination therapy.

Intranasal administration of molecular-gated mesoporous nanoparticles to increase ponatinib delivery to the brain.

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal brain cancer. New treatments are needed. However, the presence of the blood-brain barrier is limiting the development of new treatments directed toward the brain, as it restricts the access and distribution of drugs to the CNS. Materials & methods: In this work, two different nanoparticles (i.e., mesoporous silica nanoparticles and magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles) loaded with ponatinib were prepared. Results & conclusion: Both particles were characterized and tested in vitro and in vivo, proving that they are not toxic for blood-brain barrier cells and they increase the amount of drug reaching the brain when administered intranasally in comparison with the results obtained for the free drug.

Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized with 5,5′-Dithiobis(2-Nitrobenzoic Acid) for Highly Efficient Removal of Organic Dyes from Contaminated Water

The removal of organic pollutants has become an increasingly important environmental concern. In recent years, there has been significant research into the use of nanomaterials for removing organic dyes in single-component systems. In this study, magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (magnetic MSNs) were prepared with an average particle size of 170 nm. Iron oxide nanoparticles (20 nm) were embedded within the mesoporous silica structure. These nanoparticles were functionalized with amine, derivatized with thiol, and then reacted with 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). The presence of DTNB molecules attached to the surface was confirmed by FTIR spectra, as evidenced by the appearance of peaks at ∼1528 cm−1 and ∼1365 cm−1. The nanoadsorbents demonstrated high removal efficiency for bromothymol blue (BT) and methyl orange (MO) at a pH below 5, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 139.27 mg/g and 101.62 mg/g for BT and MO, respectively. The linear regression coefficient value suggested that the adsorption of BT and MO onto magnetic MSNs-DTNB followed the Langmuir isotherm and second-order process. Overall, these findings suggest that magnetic MSNs-DTNB could be a promising nanoadsorbent for removing organic pollutants from contaminated water sources.

The Effect of Sonication Time for Synthesis of Magnetic Mesoporous Nanosilica using Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) as Surfactant-Template

Targeted drug delivery systems with nanomaterials as drug carriers to specific organs can increase the therapeutic effect and reduce the side effects. Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles are a multifunctional platform in drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia therapy. In this study, the synthesis was developed with iron sand from Glagah Beach as a source for the magnetic nanoparticles formation and CTAB as a surfactant template. The research method was carried out in three steps, including the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4), coating of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2), and surfactant-templating (Fe3O4@SiO2@CTAB/SiO2).The SEM analysis results showed that the Fe3O4 particles have various sizes. The weight concentration of Fe in Fe3O4 increased from 70.25% to 78.58% compared to Fe in iron sand by EDX analysis. The XRD results showed that the crystalline size of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 particles are 6.31 nm and 2.37 nm, respectively. From the results of BET analysis, it is known that the longer sonication time, the pore diameter tends to decrease. It may be due to CTAB filling in the pore during the surfactant-templating process. The highest surface area of Fe3O4@SiO2@CTAB/SiO2 particle obtained was 14.31 m2/g with a pore diameter of 3.915 nm which has a mesoporous structure.