Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Dextran-Encapsulated Nanoparticles and Super-Nanoparticle Assemblies: Preparation from Quantum Dots, Fluorescent Polymers, and Magnetic Nanoparticles for Application to Cellular Immunolabeling.

Nanoparticles (NPs) continue to be developed as labels for bioanalysis and imaging due to their small size and, in many cases, emergent properties such as photoluminescence (PL) and superparamagnetism. Some applications stand to benefit from amplification of the advantageous properties of a NP, but this amplification is not a simple matter of scaling for size-dependent properties. One promising approach to amplification is, therefore, to assemble many copies of a NP into a larger but still nanoscale and colloidal entity. Here, we use multiple types of hydrophobic nanocrystal to show that amphiphilic dextran is a versatile material for the preparation and surface functionalization of such super-NP assemblies: CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), InP/ZnS QDs, and Si QDs; iron oxide magnetic NPs (MNPs); composites of QDs and MNPs; and composites of QDs and MNPs with fluorene-based and phenylenevinylene-based conjugated polymers. The amphiphilic dextran was also useful for the preparation of conjugated polymer NPs (CPNs) without the inclusion of inorganic nanocrystals. The prepared super-NPs and CPNs were characterized, physically and photophysically, at both the ensemble and the single-particle levels. Per colloidal entity, the super-QDs were orders of magnitude brighter than the individual QDs. This enhancement enabled assemblies of nominally more benign InP/ZnS and Si QDs to be competitive alternative materials to CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs, which are normally much brighter when compared as individual nanocrystals. The dextran functionalization imparted low nonspecific binding and enabled the use of tetrameric antibody complexes (TACs) for simple and selective immunolabeling of cells with all of the prepared super-NP, CPN, and composite materials. Labeling with the super-QDs provided significantly enhanced PL signals, the super-MNPs enabled magnetic pull-down of cells, and both capabilities were concurrently available with composite assemblies. Overall, this study demonstrates that the preparatory method and functional benefits of amphiphilic dextran extend to a range of hydrophobic materials and combinations thereof. There is strong potential for assembling a diverse set of property-amplified designer labels that are ready-made for in vitro applications in bioanalysis and imaging.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Potential Toxicity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Cellular Mechanisms and Systemic Effects

Owing to recent advancements in nanotechnology, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3), are currently widely employed in the field of medicine. These MNPs, characterized by their large specific surface area, potential for diverse functionalization, and magnetic properties, have found application in various medical domains, including tumor imaging (MRI), radiolabelling, internal radiotherapy, hyperthermia, gene therapy, drug delivery, and theranostics. However, ensuring the non-toxicity of MNPs when employed in medical practices is paramount. Thus, ongoing research endeavors are essential to comprehensively understand and address potential toxicological implications associated with their usage. This review aims to present the latest research and findings on assessing the potential toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles. It meticulously delineates the primary mechanisms of MNP toxicity at the cellular level, encompassing oxidative stress, genotoxic effects, disruption of the cytoskeleton, cell membrane perturbation, alterations in the cell cycle, dysregulation of gene expression, inflammatory response, disturbance in ion homeostasis, and interference with cell migration and mobility. Furthermore, the review expounds upon the potential impact of MNPs on various organs and systems, including the brain and nervous system, heart and circulatory system, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, skin, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Investigating the effectiveness of 6 MeV electron and ultrasound beams with the use of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles attached to cisplatin on B16F10 cells: in-vitro study

Investigating the effectiveness of 6 MeV electron and ultrasound beams with the use of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles attached to cisplatin on B16F10 cells: in-vitro study

Metal Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Use in AC Magnetic Field Hyperthermia and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are produced for both diagnosis and treatment due to their simultaneous availability in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic hyperthermia (MHT). Extensive investigations focus on developing MNPs for individual MHT or MRI applications, but the development of MNPs for theragnostic applications has received very little attention. In this study, through efficient examination of synthesis conditions such as metal precursors, reaction parameters, and solvent choices, we aimed to optimize MNP production for effective utilization for MHT and MRI simultaneously. MNPs were synthesized by thermal decomposition under 17 different conditions and deeply characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The heating efficiency of MNPs under an alternating current (AC) magnetic field was quantified, while MRI performance was evaluated through agar phantom experiments. Our findings highlight the crucial role of benzyl ether in metal ion reduction and size control. Metal-doped iron oxide MNPs displayed promise for MHT, whereas Mn-doped iron oxide MNPs exhibited enhanced MRI capabilities. Consequently, five engineered MNPs were considered potential candidates for further studies, demonstrating their dual ability in MRI and MHT.

Ternary polymeric beads of chitosan-based polyaniline doped iron oxide used for removal of cadmium and lead ions from water: Kinetic, isotherm and mechanism studies

ABSTRACT In this study, the binary polymeric magnetic beads were synthesized successfully by one-pot polymerization of polyaniline (PA) doped magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) followed by chitosan (CTS) cross-linkage. The newly fabricated ternary magnetic beads (CTS@MPA) were applied to enhance the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from the aqueous media. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Adsorption experiments were carried out under optimum conditions. To evaluate the experimental data, the isotherm and kinetic models were conducted. The behavior of adsorption was assessed, and the coefficient of determination values demonstrated that the adsorption process best fitted the Freundlich model due to high values of R2 (0.957 & 0.981). The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at 150.82 mg.g−1 and 169.21 mg.g−1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that adsorption follows a pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.952 & 0.985). Weber-Morris claims that intraparticle diffusion plays a significant role in the adsorption kinetics. Finally, the thermodynamic study is demonstrated, and the adsorption is endothermic, and the mechanism follows a physisorption pattern.

Activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite (IONPs@CtAC) loaded with morin hydrate for drug-delivery applications.

Cancer is a major disease that affects millions of people around the world every year. It affects individuals of all ages, races, and backgrounds. Since drugs used to treat cancer cannot distinguish between cancerous and healthy cells, they cause systemic toxicity along with serious side effects. Recently, controlled drug-release systems have been developed to reduce the side effects caused by anticancer drugs used for treatment. Morin is an anticancer drug with a flavonol structure. It has been extensively researched for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and antibacterial properties, especially found in Chinese herbs and fruits, and its multiple positive effects on different diseases. In this study, a nanocomposite with magnetic properties was synthesized by coating biocompatible activated carbon obtained using the fruits of the Celtis tournefortii plant on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Characterization of the synthesized activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The cytotoxic effects of the drug-loaded magnetic nanocomposite were examined in HT-29 (colorectal), T98-G (glioblastoma) cancer cell lines, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) healthy cell line. The morin loading and release behavior of the activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite were studied, and the results showed that up to 60% of the adsorbed morin was released within 4h. In summary, activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite carriers have shown promising results for the delivery of the morin drug.

Efficient Elimination of Inorganic/Organic Pollutants by Fe3O4/biochar@sodium Alginate Gel Beads.

The magnetic composite gel bead (Fe3O4-C@SA GB) adsorbent was prepared by sodium alginate (SA) crosslinking with pitaya peel-derived porous carbons (PPDPCs) and magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs). The adsorption effects of Fe3O4-C@SA GBs on heavy metal ions (HMIs) and 17 β-estradiol (E2) in water are evaluated by classical kinetic models and isotherm models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model shows that Fe3O4-C@SA GBs have maximum adsorption capacities of 9.62, 7.50, and 13.61 mg/g for Cu (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II), respectively. Meanwhile, the highest adsorption performance of the synthesized gel beads to E2 is of ca. 276.3 mg/g. In addition, the Fe3O4-C@SA GBs can still maintain a high level of adsorption efficiency after five adsorption cycles, displaying economic efficiency and reusability. Hence, this work provides useful insights into the efficient adsorption elimination of pollutants in sewage and the corresponding adsorption mechanisms.

A Versatile Magnetic Nanoplatform for Plug-and-Play Functionalization: Genetically Programmable Cargo Loading to Bacterial Magnetosomes by SpyCatcher "Click Biology".

Bacterial magnetosomes ("MAGs") represent a promising class of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with exceptional material characteristics and high application potential in the biomedical and biotechnological field. For the surface functionalization of MAGs with different protein cargos, their enveloping membrane can be addressed by genetic means. However, the expression of foreign polypeptides as translational fusion to magnetosome membrane proteins is still laborious and lacks versatility as the generated particles are monospecific and thus restricted to predetermined functions. Utilizing the SpyTag-SpyCatcher (ST-SC) bioconjugate system, we here establish a flexible platform for the targeted nanoassembly of multifunctional MAGs that combines the rapidity of chemical coupling (e.g., by cross-linking reactions) and the unmatched selectivity and controllability of in vivo functionalization. MAGs genetically engineered to display either SC- or ST-connectors are shown to efficiently bind a variety of complementary tagged (protein) cargo. Specifically, we cover a broad spectrum of representative functional moieties and foreign cargo (such as enzymes, antibodies, fluorophores, and silica beads) with relevance in biotechnology and biomedicine and demonstrate the interchangeability of the MAGs-adapted ST-SC system. For the controlled generation of artificial shells surrounding the particles, SC-MAGs are effectively coated by protein-corona proteins. The potential of the here-provided toolkit is even more enhanced by using SC-MAGs as an affinity tool for selective protein pulldown in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this innovative technology turns bacterial MAGs into a flexible magnetic nanoscaffold for the targeted plug-and-play display of virtually unlimited additional functionalities, thereby generating a multitude of magnetic hybrid materials that can be used in many applications.

Demonstrating Synergistic Activity of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nano Photocatalyst for C-H Activation in Heterogeneous Phase.

This report describes a dual catalytic approach for the versatile C‒H arylation of arenes under photo-excitation at room temperature. The cooperative catalysis utilizes iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (which mostly contain Fe3O4 along with some γ-Fe2O3) as the potential photocatalyst, which merges with the Pd-catalyzed C‒H activation cycle for the reductive generation of aryl radical from aryl diazonium salt, revealing its photocatalytic activities. The method is applicable to a wide range of aryl coupling partners and different directing groups, demonstrating excellent productivity, nice co-operativity and recyclability. Adequate control experiments and mechanistic studies assisted in establishing the radical-based mechanism for the C‒H arylation occurring in the heterogeneous phase.

Murexide retention and antibacterial performance of semiconductor copolymer/magnetic iron oxide hybrid nanocomposites synthesized via one pot in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization

Herein, semiconductor-magnetic hybrid nanocomposites, poly(vanillin-co-thiophene)/magnetic iron oxide (PVTO-Fe3O4), were successfully synthesized via single-step in situ chemical oxidative polymerization in the presence of different weight percentages of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles Fe3O4 NPs (3, 6, and 9 wt%). Whereas the Fe3O4 NPs were prepared via an environmentally friendly, modified co-precipitation method, and their physicochemical characteristics were comprehensively analyzed using various analytical techniques. The adsorption behavior of the resulting samples towards murexide dye in aqueous solutions was investigated, along with their antibacterial efficacy against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The adsorption study revealed that the nanocomposite containing 9 wt% Fe3O4 NPs achieved the highest removal efficiency for MX (approximately 87.41 %) and exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of approximately 100.7 mg/g, surpassing many adsorbents reported in the literature. Optimization experiments identified the optimal conditions as 40 mg of adsorbent dose, 40 mL of MX solution (125 mg/L), pH 5, and 160 min contact time. The adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherm fitted well with the Freundlich model. Moreover, the nanocomposite was efficiently recovered from the solution using an external magnet, highlighting its potential for practical applications. Antibacterial testing revealed significant antibacterial effectiveness of PVTO and its nanocomposites against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with a minimum inhibition zone of 20 mm.

8543 Non-Specific Uptake Of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Into Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells, Endothelium And Primary Monocytes

Abstract Disclosure: R. Challapalli: None. A. Sorushanova: None. C. Hong: None. N.J. Mullen: None. S. Feely: None. O. Covarrubias-Zambrano: None. J. Covarrubias: None. S. Varghese: None. C. Hantel: None. P. Owens: None. M. O’Halloran: None. P. Prakash: None. S.H. Bossmann: None. M.C. Dennedy: None. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis and a survival rate of up to 24 months, requires varied treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. The high recurrence rate emphasizes the need for innovative therapies. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have emerged as promising candidates for cancer treatment due to their versatility in size and shape and the ability to modify their surface for targeted cellular uptake. In our initial investigation, we assessed the uptake of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) by ACC (H295R, HAC15, and MUC1) cells, HUVECs and primary monocytes, incubated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 µg/ml of IONP for 24 hours. The results demonstrated concentration and time-dependent nanoparticle uptake and its impact on cellular viability. The optimal concentration of IONP was identified as 10 µg/ml, subsequently used to evaluate the rate of uptake and intracellular location. The efficiency of IONP uptake by ACC cells decreased when exposed to primary monocytes and an HUVEC layer, as demonstrated through a Transwell migration system. This study revealed insights into the non-specific uptake of IONP by ACC, primarily attributed to the mechanism of macropinocytosis. These preliminary findings lay the groundwork for exploring potential modifications to enhance specific uptake by ACC cells, particularly for applications like magnet-induced thermal ablation or nanobiocontrast. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate conjugated to surface-modified Iron oxide nanoparticles as a magnetic targeting platform for photodynamic therapy of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice

BackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a targeted treatment option for cancers that are non-responding to ordinary anticancer therapies. It involves activating a photosensitizer with a light source of a specific wavelength to destroy targeted cells and their surrounding vasculature. Aluminum phthalocyanine tetra sulfonate (AlPcS4) has gained attention as a second-generation photosensitizer for its strong absorption in the red-light region. AlPcS4 can be conjugated to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) to provide targeted drug delivery to the tumor cells while reducing its undesired effect on healthy tissues in other body parts. MethodsMagnetic glutamine functionalized iron oxide nanocomposites loaded with AlPcS4 (IONs-NH2-AlPcS4) were synthesized via the co-precipitation method. The conjugate (IONs-NH2-AlPcS4) was characterized by TEM, Zeta potential, DLS, FTIR, and UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, its photodynamic activity was investigated using albino mice with induced Ehrlich solid tumors. ResultsAlPcS4 was successfully conjugated to IONs-NH2 with a high loading efficiency of 54±2%. The synthesized conjugate exhibited a spherical shape, with 7 ± 2 nm particle size. The In vivo experiment revealed that the albino mice with induced Ehrlich solid tumor that were treated by combined PDT and magnetic targeting conjugate exhibited significant tumor regression and notably higher levels of necrotic tissue compared to the animals in other groups. ConclusionPDT mediated by magnetic targeting significantly inhibited tumor growth with minimal adverse effects, indicating its great potential as a promising strategy for solid cancer treatment.

Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biopolymer Fibers: Fabrication Techniques and Characterization Methods.

Hybrid nanocomposites combining biopolymer fibers incorporated with nanoparticles (NPs) have received increasing attention due to their remarkable characteristics. Inorganic NPs are typically chosen for their properties, such as magnetism and thermal or electrical conductivity, for example. Meanwhile, the biopolymer fiber component is a backbone, and could act as a support structure for the NPs. This shift towards biopolymers over traditional synthetic polymers is motivated by their sustainability, compatibility with biological systems, non-toxic nature, and natural decomposition. This study employed the solution blow spinning (SBS) method to obtain a nanocomposite comprising poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), PVA, and gelatin biodegradable polymer fibers incorporated with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with poly(acrylic acid), PAA2k, coded as γ-Fe2O3-NPs-PAA2k. The fiber production process entailed a preliminary investigation to determine suitable solvents, polymer concentrations, and spinning parameters. γ-Fe2O3-NPs were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation as maghemite and coated with PAA2k through the precipitation-redispersion protocol in order to prepare γ-Fe2O3-NPs-PAA2k. Biopolymeric fibers containing coated NPs with sub-micrometer diameters were obtained, with NP concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 1.7% wt. The synthesized NPs underwent characterization via dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, and infrared spectroscopy, while the biopolymer fibers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Overall, this study demonstrates the successful implementation of SBS for producing biopolymeric fibers incorporating iron oxide NPs, where the amalgamation of materials demonstrated superior thermal behavior to the plain polymers. The thorough characterization of the NPs and fibers provided valuable insights into their properties, paving the way for their potential applications in various fields such as biomedical engineering, environmental remediation, and functional materials.

Magnetic lipid-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with epidermal growth factor receptor antibody for dual-targeted delivery of CPT-11

To entrap sparingly water-soluble drugs like CPT-11 (irinotecan), the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle (NP) is highly favored due to its low cytotoxicity and approval for clinical use. On the other hand, entrapping hydrophobic oleic acid-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (OMNP) in PLGA NP can provide a nanovehicle for magnetically targeted drug delivery. Our goal in this study is to develop a new dual-targeted magnetic lipid-polymer NP for the delivery of CPT-11. We first co-entrap OMNP and CPT-11 in self-assembled lipid-PLGA NP to prepare OLNP@CPT-11. The OLNP@CPT-11 surface was modified with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody Cetuximab (CET), which can actively target the overexpressed EGFR on the U87 glioblastoma cell surface. The OLNP-CET@CPT-11 enables dual targeting through both external magnetic guidance and CET-mediated active targeting. The NP was characterized for physicochemical properties using various analytical techniques. In vitro study confirms ligand-receptor interaction results in enhanced endocytosis of OLNP-CET@CPT-11 by U87 cells, which offers increased cytotoxicity and elevated cell apoptosis rates. Furthermore, magnetic guidance of OLNP-CET@CPT-11 to U87 cells can induce cell death exclusively in the magnetically targeted zone. The dual-targeted strategy also provides the best therapeutic efficacy against subcutaneously implanted U87 tumors in nude mice with intravenously delivered OLNP-CET@CPT-11.

Experimental evaluation of green nanofluids in heat exchanger made oF PDMS

Conventional methods for synthesizing metallic nanoparticles face challenges such as instability and environmental concerns. Therefore, new, simpler, and more eco-friendly methods are being explored. In this context, the study reports a green synthesis process to produce magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of the alga Chlorella vulgaris. This process leverages natural resources to create a sustainable nanofluid known as green nanofluid. To evaluate the characteristics of this nanofluid, experimental measurements of wettability, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and qualitative stability analysis were conducted. An experimental setup consisting of a heat exchanger made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used to assess the thermal performance and the results were compared to theoretical equations and numerical simulation. Additionally, thermographic imaging of temperature gradients as the fluids passed over the heated surface of the serpentine channel were made. The main findings confirmed that the nanofluid was more stable than that obtained by traditional methods and had a more uniform temperature distribution over the heat exchanger. The higher concentration exhibited superior thermal performance compared to DI-Water. Moreover, the green nanofluid was used at a weight concentration of 0.1 wt%, provided thermal performance results of nearly 4.5% superior to those estimated by the numerical model and 6.4% higher than those experimentally obtained with the base fluid, respectively. Finally, the results obtained for the nanofluid also showed an average increase of around 5% in the viscosity of the base fluid, with a more significant sedimentation at a concentration of 0.1 wt%.

Coated and Uncoated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Toxicity Assessment and Properties of Non Accumulation in Biological Tissues

Background: There are an increasing number of studies on magnetic nanofeeders with multiple applications in agriculture and food processing. Among the magnetic separation oxides, iron oxide has emerged as an indispensable tool in nanoscale differentiation, especially bio-nanoscale. This is attributed to the characteristics of such as size, shape, magnetism and coexistence. Aim of the study: The aim of this study feeding experiment is to prove the non-toxicity of magnetic nano-iron oxides, whether coated when dosed with distilled water or uncoated in milk or distilled water. Subject, materials and methods: Materials: magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles was obtained from SkySpring Nanomaterials (U.S.A.) at a size of 30 nm. Acacia gum (Gum Arabic) is prepared from Thomas Baker (Indian), Sodium hydroxide from Riedel-de Haën (Germany), Potassium phosphate dibasic from CDH (Indian), Potassium phosphate mono basic from HIMEDIA (Indian),Potassium bromide from AVONCHEM(UK), MNPs are characterized by various tools to examine their physicochemical properties. The size of NPs plays a major role in exhibiting different physicochemical properties, and even a small difference in their nanoscale dimensions can alter their properties. Some of the instruments used for their characterization are Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXD), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. Results: After the completion of the experimental period for this study (28 days), the laboratory animals were sacrificed using ether anesthesia. The animals were then dissected using dissection tools to remove these organs. The organs were weighed using a sensitive balance after being washed with 0.9% normal saline solution and dried with filter paper [1][2]. The liver, kidneysamples were collected in pre-labeled plastic containers and preserved in 10% formalin until histological sectioning could be performed. Tissue sections were performed for all organs - liver, kidney and they were placed under a microscope. The results showed no damage to these organs. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both arabic gum-coated and milk-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, at the tested doses and treatment durations, did not induce observable tissue damage or pathological alterations in the kidneys or liver of the treated rats.

Efficacy study of 6 MeV electron beam in the presence of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated to cisplatin on B16F10 cells: an in-vitro study

Efficacy study of 6 MeV electron beam in the presence of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated to cisplatin on B16F10 cells: an in-vitro study

Kinetics and thermodynamics investigations of efficient and eco-friendly removal of alizarin red S from water via acid-activated Dalbergia sissoo leaf powder and its magnetic iron oxide nanocomposite.

The present work aimed to highlight an efficient, readily accessible, and cost-effective adsorbent derived from Dalbergia sissoo (DS) leaf powder for removing the environmentally hazardous dye "alizarin red S" (ARS) from hydrous medium. A variant of the adsorbent is activated via sulfuric acid and composited with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (DSMNC). Both adsorbents are thoroughly characterized using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, point of zero charge, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, which show that they have a porous structure rich in active sites. Different adsorption conditions are optimized with the maximum removal efficiency of 76.63% for DS and 97.89% for DSMNC. The study was highlighted via the application of various adsorption isotherms, including Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich, to adsorption data. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models were utilized to investigate the kinetics and mechanism of adsorption. The Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order kinetics exhibited the best fit, suggesting a combination of physical interactions, as confirmed by the D-R and Temkin models. The dominant adsorbate-adsorbent interactive interactions responsible for ARS removal were hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces, and noncovalent aromatic ring adsorbent pi-interactions. Thermodynamic parameters extracted from adsorption data indicated that the removal of the mutagenic dye "ARS" was exothermic and spontaneous on both DS and DSMNC, with DSMNC exhibiting higher removal efficiency.

Nanoparticle-Mediated remediation of wastewater contaminants: An inclusive analysis of glyphosate, Congo red and methyl orange

New techniques in purification are called for because, currently pollutants found within the wastewater sources are known to have adverse effects of man health, agricultural productivity and industrial applications. The purpose of this research was to assess the efficiency of different synthesized NPs in the rteutal of glyphosate, Congo red and MO from aqueous solution using a glass column. To determine the concentration of these contaminants, two analytical techniques namely High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and UV–Visible spectrophotometry were used. The findings revealed that the community removal rates differed depending on nanoparticle type, treatment time and light intensity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) were found to reduce the glyphosate concentration by 56.81 % under 100-watt light after 120 minutes. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on the other hand were found to eliminate 62.63 % of glyphosate without the application of light for the same length of time, this figure rose to 87 % when 100-watt light was applied. ZONPs also decolourized 59 % Congo red after 4 h and the decolorization efficiency increased to 86 % when exposed to 30 watt light. Further, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) reduced MO by 23.81 % under 100-watt light for 120 minutes. This research demonstrates that NPs may have a future in regard to water treatment as agents which are efficient to high degree; and in part, the ZONPs are more effective in elimination of glyphosate while the IONPs may be better suited for the removal of Congo red. The evidence suggest that more attention should be paid to the characteristic of NPs, the treatment time, and the light intensity in case of employing the technology in water treatment.

Multi-Chambered Core/Shell Supraparticles for Real-Time, Full-Time Diagnosis and Treatment Integration of Tumors.

To a certain extent, theranostic nanoplatforms promote tumor treatment efficiency. However, timely monitoring of the critical stages and signal sustainability of the entire process is challenging. In this study, multi-chambered core/shell magnetic nanoparticles (MC-MNPs) as drug and imaging agent multi-loaded nanocarriers with a synergistic release function are reported. Supraparticles with stable chambers are formed by the supercooling self-assembly of several core/shell magnetic nanoparticles composed of amphiphilic copolymers as the core and hydrophilic magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as the shell. Desalinized doxorubicin and coumarin 6 are stored in different cavities of nanocarriers, and chitosan is used as an outer encapsulation layer. Based on their construction properties, MC-MNPs can exhibit gradient-degraded and steady-released controllability in the tumor environment. Furthermore, real-time accumulation situations and full-time diagnostic signals of nanocarriers are thoroughly demonstrated using fluorescence imaging and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging before and after magnetic hyperthermia in targeted tumors under an alternating magnetic field. Thus, MC-MNPs as theranostic nanocarriers exhibit great potential for the timely monitoring and full-time guidance of tumor treatment.