Magnetic Data Research Articles

Impact of Age-Related Change in Caval Flow Ratio on Hepatic Flow Distribution in the Fontan Circulation.

The Fontan operation is a palliative technique for patients born with single ventricle heart disease. The superior vena cava (SVC), inferior vena cava (IVC), and hepatic veins are connected to the pulmonary arteries in a total cavopulmonary connection by an extracardiac conduit or a lateral tunnel connection. A balanced hepatic flow distribution (HFD) to both lungs is essential to prevent pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and cyanosis. HFD is highly dependent on the local hemodynamics. The effect of age-related changes in caval inflows on HFD was evaluated using cardiac magnetic resonance data and patient-specific computational fluid dynamics modeling. SVC and IVC flow from 414 patients with Fontan were collected to establish a relationship between SVC:IVC flow ratio and age. Computational fluid dynamics modeling was performed in 60 (30 extracardiac and 30 lateral tunnel) patient models to quantify the HFD that corresponded to patient ages of 3, 8, and 15 years, respectively. SVC:IVC flow ratio inverted at ≈8 years of age, indicating a clear shift to lower body flow predominance. Our data showed that variation of HFD in response to age-related changes in caval inflows (SVC:IVC, 2, 1, and 0.5 corresponded to ages, 3, 8, and 15+, respectively) was not significant for extracardiac but statistically significant for lateral tunnel cohorts. For all 3 caval inflow ratios, a positive correlation existed between the IVC flow distribution to both the lungs and the HFD. However, as the SVC:IVC ratio changed from 2 to 0.5 (age, 3-15+) years, the correlation's strength decreased from 0.87 to 0.64, due to potential flow perturbation as IVC flow momentum increased. Our analysis provided quantitative insights into the impact of the changing caval inflows on Fontan's long-term HFD, highlighting the importance of SVC:IVC variations over time on Fontan's long-term hemodynamics. These findings broaden our understanding of Fontan hemodynamics and patient outcomes.

An alternative 2D ICEEMDAN-based denoising method and its application in processing magnetic anomaly data

Due to environmental noise and human factors, magnetic data collected in the field often contain various noises and interferences that significantly affect the subsequent data processing and interpretation. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), an adaptive multiscale analysis method for nonlinear and non-stationary signals, is widely used in geophysical and geodetic data processing. Compared with traditional EMD, Improved Complete Ensemble EMD with Adaptive Noise (ICEEMDAN) is more effective in addressing the problem of mode mixing. Based on the principles of 1D ICEEMDAN, this paper presents an alternative algorithm for 2D ICEEMDAN, extending its application to two-dimensional scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through synthetic signal experiments, which show that the 2D ICEEMDAN exhibits a weaker mode mixing effect compared to the traditional bidimensional EMD (BEMD) method. Furthermore, an improved soft thresholding technique is introduced to improve the performance of the denoising method based on 2D ICEEMDAN and preserve useful signals in high-frequency components, an improved soft thresholding technique is introduced. Synthetic magnetic anomaly data testing indicates that our denoising method effectively preserves signal continuity and outperforms traditional soft thresholding methods. To validate the practical application of this improved threshold denoising method based on 2D ICEEMDAN, it is applied to ground magnetic survey data in the Yandun area of Xinjiang. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in removing noise while retaining essential information from practical magnetic anomaly data. In particular, practical applications suggest that 2D ICEEMDAN can extract trend signals more accurately than the BEMD. In conclusion, as a potential tool for multi-scale decomposition, the 2D ICEEMDAN is versatile in processing and analyzing 2D geophysical and geodetic data.

Magnetic data — What am I looking at?

For a number of years in geophysical surveying, the use of certain technical terms that describe data has not been consistent. This is particularly apparent in the field of magnetic surveying, which is the most commonly practiced technique. Across the world, there are multiple companies and clients that collect and employ magnetic data acquired via ground, airborne, or marine platforms. However, what they mean by certain terms is either imprecisely defined, ambiguous, or significantly different. Terms that are accurate and consistent will help the end user understand what they are actually looking at. We describe the most commonly used terms for magnetic data and discuss how these terms should and should not be used.

On the Global Features of the 10–60‐Min ULF Waves in Jovian Magnetosphere: Juno Observations

AbstractIn the Jovian magnetosphere, quasi‐periodic phenomena, with quasi‐periods on the order of 10–60 min, are frequently identified using different data sets. These pulsations are a branch of ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves, which are believed to play a crucial role in driving the energy circulation within Jupiter's magnetosphere. In this study, we utilize magnetic field data collected by Juno between 2016 and 2022 to perform a comprehensive global statistical analysis of the spatial distribution and periodic characteristics of ULF waves in the Jovian magnetosphere. Our findings reveal distinct periodic features observed at different latitudes and distances, providing valuable insights into the generation mechanisms of ULF waves. Furthermore, we establish a close relationship between the presence of these ULF wave fluctuations and the magnetospheric state, such as under conditions of solar wind compression. By combining contemporaneous ultraviolet aurora observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and magnetic field data obtained by Juno, we have discovered that the compressed magnetospheres exhibit more pronounced ULF waves and enhanced auroral activity. These results provide a global picture of the distribution, implying potential generation of ULF waves in the Jovian magnetosphere, and shedding light on the processes behind the 10–60‐min energy releases.

The Architecture of a Root Zone of a Large Magmatic Conduit System From High Resolution Magnetic, Gravity and Petrophysical Data: The Reinfjord Ultramafic Complex

AbstractThe Seiland Igneous Province (SIP) is a large province of mafic and ultramafic (UM) complexes interpreted to be relics of a giant plumbing system feeding the Ediacaran Central Iapetus Magmatic Province. The Reinfjord Ultramafic Complex (RUC) is one of the four major ultramafic complexes of the SIP. The RUC has a younger dunite core surrounded by wehrlite and lherzolite embedded in country rocks consisting of layered gabbros with sub‐horizontal layering and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Here, we develop a 3D subsurface model for the RUC using high‐resolution magnetic and gravity data and extensive petrophysical measurements from oriented surface samples and drill core samples. Our model indicates that the RUC narrows in depth, extending a minimum of 1.4 km below sea level, and plunges eastwards below the country rock. This model allows us to decipher the lithologic heterogeneities, and the depth and lateral extent of ultramafic rocks, which we interpret in the context of the geologic history of the area. The RUC is spatially separated from other UM complexes of the SIP and the result of this study indicates a smaller depth extent. Combining these findings with the previously reported distribution of the SIP rocks based on the regional gravity data, we propose that the uplift of the crustal block hosting the RUC is larger than for ultramafic complexes in the northwestern part of the SIP.

The Subsurface Structure of the Kīlauea Caldera Before Its 2018 Collapse Inferred From Ground Magnetic, SP, and Temperatures Anomalies

AbstractThe 2018 crisis of Kīlauea volcano stands as a major event in its evolution with a large down‐rift effusive eruption that drained a shallow magma reservoir at the summit. The characterization of such active magmatic systems and associated hazardous events remains a necessity and a challenge. The summit area is hydrothermally active and strongly altered as indicated by geological mapping. A unique data set of geophysical measurements was collected around Halemaʻumaʻu crater before its collapse. Magnetic data are interpreted here in combination with geological information, temperature anomalies at the surface, self‐potential measurements, and a model of electrical conductivity. 3D forward modeling shows that the main magnetic dipole‐like anomaly observed around the crater is not only caused by the crater topography but suggests the presence of an important volume of weakly magnetic material beneath the crater, which may be caused by higher temperature and/or hydrothermal alteration. 3D inversion of the data allows us to explore the first order geometry of the magnetic structures. We complement this inversion with 2D forward modeling in order to refine the geometry of major structures. This study shows the presence of major geological structures in the 2018 collapsed area that may have been associated with mechanical weaknesses and could have played a role in the geometry of the collapse. Therefore, mapping magnetic anomalies and monitoring their temporal evolution are of great interest for constraining the nature and mechanical properties of the underlying formations and their temporal evolution in order to help predict future behavior.

Autism-associated brain differences can be observed in utero using MRI.

Developmental changes that occur before birth are thought to be associated with the development of autism spectrum disorders. Identifying anatomical predictors of early brain development may contribute to our understanding of the neurobiology of autism spectrum disorders and allow for earlier and more effective identification and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. In this study, we used retrospective clinical brain magnetic resonance imaging data from fetuses who were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders later in life (prospective autism spectrum disorders) in order to identify the earliest magnetic resonance imaging-based regional volumetric biomarkers. Our results showed that magnetic resonance imaging-based autism spectrum disorder biomarkers can be found as early as in the fetal period and suggested that the increased volume of the insular cortex may be the most promising magnetic resonance imaging-based fetal biomarker for the future emergence of autism spectrum disorders, along with some additional, potentially useful changes in regional volumes and hemispheric asymmetries.

The value of the dermal rim sign on nonenhanced magnetic resonance imaging for predicting dermal backflow in patients with primary lower extremity lymphedema

PurposeThe dermal rim sign (DRS) on nonenhanced magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to predict dermal backflow (DBF) in patients with secondary upper limb lymphedema. However, whether the DRS has the same effects on primary lower extremity lymphedema (PLEL) has not been clearly reported. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether the DRS can be used to diagnose DBF on lymphoscintigraphy in patients with PLEL. MethodsA total of 94 patients who were diagnosed with PLEL were recruited for this retrospective study from January 2022 to December 2023. All the patients were divided into two groups according to the lymphoscintigraphy findings: no DBF and DBF. The magnetic resonance imaging data of the two groups were recorded and statistically compared for the following indicators: range of lymphedema involvement (left, right, whole lower limbs, only thigh, only calf and ankle), signs of lymphedema (notable thickening of skin, parallel line sign, grid sign, honeycomb sign, band sign, lymph lake sign, crescent sign, DRS), and lymphedema measurement (skin thickness, band width). The DRS is characterized by notable thickening of the skin plus the grid sign and/or honeycomb sign, plus the band sign. ResultsThe following statistically significant differences in the following indicators were found between the two groups (P < .05): notable skin thickening, parallel line sign, grid sign, honeycomb sign, band sign, DRS, skin thickness, and band width. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for predicting for DBF with the DRS was 82%, 64%, and 77%, respectively. ConclusionsThis study confirmed good consistency between the DRS and DBF from the perspective of imaging. This tool is suitable for children, adolescents, and patients with contraindications to lymphoscintigraphy. The DRS has important value in assessing the severity of PLEL. The DRS is suggested for the clinical use of combined surgical treatment of PLEL.

Investigation of possible spin frustration in isolated isosceles MnIIINiII2 Triangle: Experimental and theoretical studies

Spin frustration is a unique phenomenon in magnetic complexes, where if a spin fails to lower the total energy of the system, by orienting itself in relative to its adjacent spins, it is termed as frustrated. In this work, we discuss about the magnetic properties, and the possibility of spin frustration in our isolated [NiII2MnIII(hep)4(PhCO2)(N3)2] (Hhep = 2-(2-hydroxyethyl) pyridine) having an isosceles NiII2MnIII triangle. The triangular MnIIINiII2 core was held together by two μ3-alkoxide bridges. The magnetic properties of this complex were studied in detail. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility data of the complex in the range of 1.8 to 300 K, indicates the presence of strong intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling between two NiII centres. Experimentally, the ground state of the complex was found to be a mixture of E(2,0) and E(1,1) states, suggesting our complex to be close to spin frustrated system which was supported by ab initio calculations.

Statistical Distribution of Whistler Mode Waves in the Martian Induced Magnetosphere Based on MAVEN Observations

AbstractWhistler mode waves are a common type of electromagnetic waves in the Martian induced magnetosphere. Using high‐resolution magnetic field data from the Magnetometer (MAG) instrument onboard Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) from October 2014 to November 2022, we perform a detailed analysis of the statistical distribution of the occurrence rate, averaged amplitude, peak frequency, wave normal angle and ellipticity of left‐hand and right‐hand polarized whistler mode waves in the Martian induced magnetosphere. Our results show that whistler mode waves are mainly observed in the subsolar and magnetic pileup region, with the occurrence rate of right‐hand mode waves higher than that of left‐hand mode waves. The averaged wave amplitude ranges from 0.02 to 0.13 nT and peak wave frequency ranges from 2 to 9 Hz. We also find that the wave normal angles for both left‐hand and right‐hand polarized whistler waves are relatively larger in the subsolar region and magnetic pileup region where the corresponding wave ellipticity is closer to the linear polarization. Our results are valuable to in‐depth understanding of the generation mechanism of whistler mode waves as well as their contributions to the electron dynamics in the Martian induced magnetosphere.

Subsurface linear structures and potential zones of mineralisation of the Iramba-Sekenke greenstone belt, central Tanzania with implications for the structural-controlled mineralisation

This study aims to delineate concealed subsurface linear structures and their relationship with mineralisation in the Iramba-Sekenke greenstone belts. Results reveal three different types of linear structures and their continuations concealed, which were previously not identified. These structures include dykes trending in NE-SW and NS; shear zones with NW-SE trending and faults that trend in NE-SW, NW-SE and N-S. The faults and shear zones, which were previously shown to terminate at the northwestern end of the Iramba Plateau due to sediment cover, have been revealed to continue into Wembere depression. Moreover, the aeromagnetic and gravity results show that some faults are intruded by dykes in the same trends, which were not previously identified. The geological relationship between these linear structures shows that the youngest structures are the western dolerite dyke trending N-S and the oldest is the NE-SW Wembere-Iramba Plateau fault. The delineation of geological structures from magnetic and gravity data using different analysis techniques reveals that the mining pits are located close to geological structures trending in NW-SE, NE-SW and N-S directions. The integration of the findings from CET grid analysis techniques, together with magnetic maps and geological information reveals a good correlation between known occurrences of minerals and promising exploration target areas. The good correlation between the artisanal mining pits with the location of the potential exploration targets is consistent with the location of lineaments and provides future promising prospects for mineral exploration. The correlation suggests that mineralisation and ore deposits in the study area are respectively structurally controlled and hosted in deformed rocks. This study is potentially useful as a guide for the delineation of concealed subsurface linear structures and integration of structural geometry and geophysical methods for exploration of hidden mineral deposits in the Iramba-Sekenke greenstone belt.

Intrinsic network abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder: an independent component analysis.

Aberrant intrinsic brain networks are consistently observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. However, studies examining the strength of functional connectivity across brain regions have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the functional connectivity of the resting brain in children with low-functioning autism, including during the early developmental stages. We explored the functional connectivity of 43 children with autism spectrum disorder and 54 children with typical development aged 2 to 12 years using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. We used independent component analysis to classify the brain regions into six intrinsic networks and analyzed the functional connectivity within each network. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between functional connectivity and clinical scores. In children with autism, the under-connectivities were observed within several brain networks, including the cognitive control, default mode, visual, and somatomotor networks. In contrast, we found over-connectivities between the subcortical, visual, and somatomotor networks in children with autism compared with children with typical development. Moderate effect sizes were observed in entire networks (Cohen's d = 0.43-0.77). These network alterations were significantly correlated with clinical scores such as the communication sub-score (r = - 0.442, p = 0.045) and the calibrated severity score (r = - 0.435, p = 0.049) of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. These opposing results observed based on the brain areas suggest that aberrant neurodevelopment proceeds in various ways depending on the functional brain regions in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Contributions of Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities to Postural Instability in Aging With and Without Alcohol Use Disorder

BackgroundBoth postural instability and brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are noted markers of normal aging and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Here, we questioned what variables contribute to the sway path–WMH relationship in individuals with AUD and healthy control participants. MethodsThe data comprised 404 balance platform sessions, yielding sway path length and magnetic resonance imaging data acquired cross-sectionally or longitudinally in 102 control participants and 158 participants with AUD ages 25 to 80 years. Balance sessions were typically conducted on the same day as magnetic resonance imaging fluid-attenuated inversion recovery acquisitions, permitting WMH volume quantification. Factors considered in multiple regression analyses as potential contributors to the relationship between WMH volumes and postural instability were age, sex, socioeconomic status, education, pedal 2-point discrimination, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, depressive symptoms, total alcohol consumed in the past year, and race. ResultsInitial analysis identified diagnosis, age, sex, and race as significant contributors to observed sway path–WMH relationship. Inclusion of these factors as predictors in multiple regression analyses substantially attenuated the sway path–WMH relationship in both AUD and healthy control groups. Women, irrespective of diagnosis or race, had shorter sway paths than men. Black participants, irrespective of diagnosis or sex, had shorter sway paths than non-Black participants despite having modestly larger WMH volumes than non-Black participants, which is possibly a reflection of the younger age of the Black sample. ConclusionsLonger sway paths were related to larger WMH volumes in healthy men and women with and without AUD. Critically, however, age almost fully accounted for these associations.

Measurements of nematic susceptibility with phase sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance in pulsed strain fields.

We present nuclear magnetic resonance data in BaFe2As2 in the presence of pulsed strain fields that are interleaved in time with the radio frequency excitation pulses. In this approach, the preceding nuclear magnetization acquires a phase shift that is proportional to the strain and pulse time. The sensitivity of this approach is limited by the homogeneous decoherence time, T2, rather than the inhomogeneous linewidth. We measure the nematic susceptibility as a function of temperature and demonstrate a three orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity. This approach will enable studies of the strain response in a broad range of materials that previously were inaccessible due to inhomogeneous broadening.

Modeling refined differences of cortical folding patterns via spatial, morphological, and temporal fusion representations.

The gyrus, a pivotal cortical folding pattern, is essential for integrating brain structure-function. This study focuses on 2-Hinge and 3-Hinge folds, characterized by the gyral convergence from various directions. Existing voxel-level studies may not adequately capture the precise spatial relationships within cortical folding patterns, especially when relying solely on local cortical characteristics due to their variable shapes and homogeneous frequency-specific features. To overcome these challenges, we introduced a novel model that combines spatial distribution, morphological structure, and functional magnetic resonance imaging data. We utilized spatio-morphological residual representations to enhance and extract subtle variations in cortical spatial distribution and morphological structure during blood oxygenation, integrating these with functional magnetic resonance imaging embeddings using self-attention for spatio-morphological-temporal representations. Testing these representations for identifying cortical folding patterns, including sulci, gyri, 2-Hinge, and 2-Hinge folds, and evaluating the impact of phenotypic data (e.g. stimulus) on recognition, our experimental results demonstrate the model's superior performance, revealing significant differences in cortical folding patterns under various stimulus. These differences are also evident in the characteristics of sulci and gyri folds between genders, with 3-Hinge showing more variations. Our findings indicate that our representations of cortical folding patterns could serve as biomarkers for understanding brain structure-function correlations.

The Main Lineament Trends of Central Iraq, Depending on the THD of Residual Gravity and Magnetic Maps Obtained from Four Upward Continuation Levels

The upward continuation was used to obtain central Iraq's residual gravity and RTP magnetic maps at elevations 2, 12, 16, and 22 km. These maps are processed by the Total Horizontal Derivative (THD) technique to detect the main lineaments that represent the boundary of subsurface sources or faults. The obtained lineaments trends represented on the rose diagram and the main trends in the study area were found. The lineaments (faults) orders from the main trend descending, from gravity data, are N55W, N45W, N35W, N-S, and N65W, respectively, for the four considered upward elevations. The length of the faults obtained from gravity data ranges from 40-250km, while the length of faults obtained from magnetic data ranges from 20-100km. The lineament from the main trend descending, from magnetic data, are NS, N55W, N35W, N45W, N45E, N35E, N65W and N55E, respectively. The lineaments obtained from magnetic data indicate that the main trend in shallow sources is NW-SE, while for deep sources; the main trend is N-S. The NW-SE fault trends obtained from gravity data are related to the Najd faults system, while the N-S fault trends are related to the Nabitah system. Generally, it is indicated from the analysis of lineaments of gravity and magnetic data that the NW-SE is the main trend of shallow structures in most areas of central Iraq.

Geoelectrical Characterization of Subsurface Structures in Dala Hill, Kano, Nigeria: A Comparative Study with Ground Magnetic Data

Geoelectrical Characterization of Subsurface Structures in Dala Hill, Kano, Nigeria: A Comparative Study with Ground Magnetic Data

A Fuzzy-Based Analysis of Air Particle Pollution Data: An Index IMC for Magnetic Biomonitoring

Airborne magnetic particles may be harmful because of their composition, morphology, and association with potentially toxic elements that may be observed through relationships between magnetic parameters and pollution indices, such as the Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI). We present a fuzzy-based analysis of magnetic biomonitoring data from four Latin American cities, which allows us to construct a magnetic index of contamination (IMC). This IMC uses four magnetic parameters, i.e., magnetic susceptibility χ, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization SIRM, coercivity of remanence Hcr, and SIRM/χ, and proposes summarizing the information to assess an area based exclusively on magnetic parameters more easily. The fuzzy inference system membership functions are built from the standardization of the data to become independent of the values. The proposed IMC is calculated using the baseline values for each case study, similar to the PLI. The highest IMC values were obtained in sites close to industrial areas, and in contrast, the lowest ones were observed in residential areas far from avenues or highways. The linear regression model between modeled IMC and PLI data yielded robust correlations of R2 &gt; 0.85. The IMC is proposed as a complementary tool for air particle pollution and is a cost-effective magnetic approach for monitoring areas.

МАГНИТНО-РЕЗОНАНСНАЯ ТОМОГРАФИЯ ВИСОЧНО-НИЖНЕЧЕЛЮСТНОГО СУСТАВА ПРИ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ПАРАФУНКЦИЙ ЗУБОЧЕЛЮСТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ЦИФРОВОГО АППАРАТА T-SCAN

Parafunctions of the dental system occupy a special position among dental diseases, due to the complexity of their diagnosis, treatment, complex and varied clinical picture. Methods for screening and monitoring patients with parafunctions remain an urgent scientific and practical task. Most often, this manifests itself unconsciously in the form of daytime or nighttime bruxism or clenching. Parafunction is one of the etiological factors of pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. In the diagnosis of structural changes in the temporomandibular joint, the “gold” standard is magnetic resonance imaging. Due to the high contrast of soft tissues, magnetic resonance imaging is a method for diagnosing structural changes in the tissues of the temporomandibular joint and allows the most accurate, highly informative and quick assessment of the condition and function of intra- and extra-articular elements. In daily practice, dentists need simple and practical methods for diagnosing and parafunctional activity. Digital dentistry provides opportunities for assessing occlusal contacts. T-scan is one of the most functional digital devices. The purpose of the study was to increase the efficiency of providing dental care to patients with parafunctions by identifying the severity of bruxism and clenching using the T-scan apparatus and magnetic resonance imaging. The study involved functional analysis using a digital T-scan device and magnetic resonance imaging. The results of the study, in patients with parafunctions, the average areas of wear facets were identified for each degree of severity for each side of the dentition. The values of occlusal parameters of the left side in patients in the group with bruxism and clenching prevail over the values of the right side of the dentition. With mild severity, there was a normal position of the articular disc and a small ventral displacement with reposition according to the Wilkes classification of internal disorders of the temporomandibular joint. With moderate severity, a small ventral displacement with and without reposition was noted. In severe cases, there was a small ventral displacement without reposition, a complete ventral displacement of the articular disc with and without reposition. Thus, it has been proven that diagnostics using digital analysis, assessing the severity of parafunctional activity and magnetic resonance data selects the necessary tactics for the treatment and prevention of dysfunctional conditions of the dental system. This technique allows for screening and monitoring of patients with bruxism and clenching.

A comparative study of magnetic behaviours in bulk and ribbon samples of PrMn2Ge2 compound

The magnetic properties of PrMn2Ge2 samples in both the as-cast bulk and melt-spun ribbon forms have been investigated in detail by a comprehensive set of x-ray and neutron powder diffraction, magnetic and heat capacity measurements and corresponding sets of data analyses. Thermal expansion measurements indicate the presence of magnetoelastic coupling effects around all transition temperatures in the bulk sample. The bulk modulus K0 = 42.0 GPa and its first derivative K0’ = 18.7 have been derived from the pressure-volume data. The Curie temperature from the intralayer antiferromagnetism (AFl) of PrMn2Ge2 to a canted spin structure (Fmc) is TCinter = 332 K for the bulk sample, decreasing to TCinter = 320 K for the ribbon sample. The critical components γ, β and δ of this second order magnetic transition as determined from Kouvel-Fisher analyses, indicate long range magnetic interactions around TCinter. Based on these critical exponents the magnetization, field and temperature data around TCinter collapse onto two curves obeying the single scaling equation M(H,ε)=εβf±(Hεβ+γ). The Debye temperatures and the density of states at the Fermi level are θD=306K and N(EF)=3.47state/eVatom for the bulk sample and θD=320K and (EF)=2.18state/eVatom for the ribbon sample with the nuclear specific heat coefficient for bulk PrMn2Ge2 derived from the splitting of the nuclear hyperfine levels as CN = 517 mJ mol−1 K−1. With a field change of ΔB = 5 T, the maximum values of the magnetic entropy changes -ΔSmax in the region around TCinter are -ΔSmax = 3.00 J/kg K and 2.35 J/kg K for the bulk and ribbon samples respectively, while the relative cooling power (RCP) for the ribbon-spun sample, RCP = 135.9 J/kg, is significantly higher than the value of RCP = 116.6 J/kg for the bulk sample. These findings indicate that PrMn2Ge2 could be a promising candidate for magnetic refrigeration applications in the room temperature region.