Application Of Magnesium Sulfate Research Articles

Hypomagnesemia at admission in ICU associated with complications in preeclampsia with severity criteria

Background: Severe preeclampsia is a multifocal syndrome recognized by hypertension and proteinuria of recent onset after the 20 WG. It is defined as blood pressure levels greater than 160/110 mmHg associated with hypertensive encephalopathy, creatinine greater than 1.1 mg/dl, AST or ALT greater than 70 mg/dl or twice its previous value, LDH > 600 mg/dl, total bilirubin greater than 1.2 mg/dl at the expense of indirect bilirubin. Affecting between 3 and 10% of pregnancies, it is one of the leading causes of maternal death in the world. Objective: To estimate the association of magnesium levels as a factor for the development of complications in patients with severe preeclampsia. Methods: Observational, prospective, longitudinal, and analytical study. A total of 56 patients from a second-level hospital with severe preeclampsia criteria were included, and serum magnesium measurements were taken at admission, 12 hours and 24 hours. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained using measures of association with 95% CI, Cox proportional hazards. Results: Patients admitted to the ICU had greater neurological symptoms with low magnesium levels, in addition to complications such as HELLP syndrome in 25% and eclampsia in 7.1%, which did not show significant differences. Conclusion: The application of magnesium sulfate causes changes in the delay and decrease of signs and symptoms. The effects on clinical variables, history, and complications with hypomagnesemia justify the administration of magnesium sulfate as the ideal treatment for neurological involvement in preeclampsia.

Bioactive constituents of Iris hybrida (Iridaceae): Processing effect.

Iris genus plants are a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which are an important component for pharmaceutical development. The present article shows the potential for mineral nutrition with application of magnesium sulfate, iron chelates and potassium oxide affecting the phenolic compound contents in Iris hybrida 'Tsikavynka', I. hybrida 'Tambo' and I. hybridа 'Widecombe Fire'. The effect of mineral processing was specific to plant organs and varied in the component composition. The Iris rhizomes had an increased total phenolic compound content after treatment (up to 10% of the total isoflavonoid content, up to 8% of phenolic acids, up to 5% of γ-pyrones and up to 13% of flavonoids), determined using UV-vis spectroscopy. A positive effect of nutrition on the biosynthesis and content of individual isoflavonoids (tectoridin, nigricin d-glucoside, genistin, iristectorigenin B, nigricin, irigenin and irisolidone) and xanthone mangiferin in Iris rhizomes by HPLC was established. In addition, an increase in the chlorogenic acid amount in Iris leaves was noted. The results demonstrate the sensitivity of Iris phenylpropanoid metabolism to mineral nutrition and can be used to predict medical plant cultivation with increased content of bioactive constituents.

A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of warm compress vs magnesium sulphate application on superficial thrombophlebitis among patients admitted in a selected hospital at Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh

Introduction: The history of intravenous therapy began with the discovery by Sir. Williams Harvey. The first practical application was by Dr. Thomas Latta, who used infusion of saline to treat the intractable diarrhea. Approximately 90% of patients in acute care setting receive some form of intravenous infusion therapy. Over one fourth of hospitalized patients receive intravenous therapy for fluid replacement and administration of drugs. It is also recognized that intravenous therapy exposes the patient to a considerable variety of hazards and less commonly to grave danger. The incidence of superficial thrombophlebitis is related to with the length of time, I.V. line in place, composition of fluid or medication infused, size of the cannula and the site of insertion, improper anchoring of the line and the introduction of microorganisms at the time of insertion.Methods research approach: Pre-experimental research design (one group pretest–postest design) was used Here in this study two groups were taken and observed after the independent variable were introduced (application of warm compress and magnesium sulphate on superficial thrombophlebitis). The setting for this study was the selected area of hospital at Ambikapur, Chhattishgarh. Sample were selected by using purposive sampling technique and then assigned into two groups; Group –A and group-B. The Pre–test was taken using a semi structured superficial thrombophlebitis scale, selected socio-demographic and clinical variables. Following the pre- test interventions were carried out for both groups. Warm compress application was given to group-A for 20 minutes and magnesium sulphate application was given to group-B by dipping the gauze in the solution and applied on superficial thrombophlebitis, which was applied till next dressing change. Study comprised of 60 patients (Group A-30 Patient & Group B-30 patient) with superficial thrombophlebitis. Semi- structured questionnaire was used for collecting the data. It consists of tools.Section A: Selected Socio-demographic profileSection B: Selected clinical variables profileSection C: Semi- structured superficial Thrombophlebitis scaleSemi-structured superficial thrombophlebitis scale, selected socio-demographic and clinical questions were submitted to seven experts in the field of medical surgical nursing, expert were selected on the basis of their clinical expertise, experience and interest in the problem being selected. Tool validity was done and tool found reliable. The reliability coefficient was calculated by using karl Pearson formula to determine reliability coefficient. The value of ‘r’ was found 0.98, hence the tool was reliable. Study found feasible after pilot study.Result: Sample characteristic were analysed by using frequency and percentage. Mean, mean difference and standard deviation and ‘t’ test were done for analysing the effectiveness of warm compression and magnesium sulphate application on superficial thrombophlebitis. Chi-square test was computed to determine the association between the selected clinical variables in both group. The comparison between warm compress application and magnesium sulphate application was found by using paired ‘t’ test which showed The calculated ‘t’ value 22.22 and 8.9 respectively is greater than table value (t59=2.00). Mean difference of pre-test and post-test score of Group A (1.8) is greater than mean difference of pre-test post- test - score of group-B(1). This shows that there is significant difference between warm compress and magnesium sulphate application in reducing the superficial thrombophlebitis at 0.05 level of significance.Conclusion: Significant reduction in superficial thrombophlebitis with warm compress application and magnesium sulphate application, which shows that both interventions are effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of superficial thrombophlebitis. Significant difference between the effect of warm compress and magnesium sulphate application, which shows that warm compress application is more effective than magnesium sulphate application on superficial thrombophlebitis.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Magnesium Sulphate and Cold Application for the Treatment of Thrombo Phlebitis in Patients Undergoing Intravenous Therapy at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: In hospitals, providing care for patients typically includes the utilization of various intravenous devices. The monitoring of a patient’s hemodynamic condition as well as the delivery of fluids, nutrition, medicines, and blood products are all accomplished with the assistance of these instruments. Up to eighty percent of hospitalized patients in contemporary medical practice are given intravenous therapy at some point during their hospitalization. This treatment can be given at any time during the patient’s stay. Even though peripheral IVs seldom cause serious difficulties, problems might arise, especially when they are used for an extended period of time. Because of this, different hospitals have developed different sets of rules about the suggested amount of time that a peripheral IV should be in place. Early detection, as well as clear and open communication between the patient and the healthcare provider, is essential in the event that a medical procedure results in a side effect or complication of any kind. Aims: The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of magnesium sulphate application and cold application for the treatment of thrombophlebitis in patients who are receiving intravenous therapy in a tertiary care hospital. Objectives to determine whether or not the application of cold can effectively treat thrombophlebitis. To determine whether or not magnesium sulphate is effective in treating thrombophlebitis. In order to evaluate the relative efficacy of magnesium sulphate and cold application in the treatment of thrombophlebitis. Material and Method: Techniques and Components Among the 32 patients who participated in the study, an evaluation was carried out using a method called straightforward random sampling. A total of 16 samples were allotted to the group that was to receive the cold treatment, and the same number of samples were given to the group that was to receive the magnesium sulphate application. The research approach known as the pre-experimental two-group design was utilised for the investigation. The medical and surgical wards of the tertiary care hospital located in Karad were chosen as the location for this particular research project. Patients who have acquired thrombophlebitis and are now being treated in medical and/or surgical wards at tertiary care hospitals make up the population of the current research study. Results: In order to determine whether or not there was an effect of cold treatment on thrombophlebitis in group A, a non-parametric repeated ANOVA was carried out using the Friedman test. It was discovered that, beginning on day 2 and continuing onwards, there was a significant decrease in the readings of score on the thrombophlebitis measuring chart when cold treatment was performed each time in group A (p 0.001). When performing a non-parametric repeated ANOVA, the Friedman test was utilised to determine whether or not there was an effect of magnesium sulphate treatment on thrombophlebitis in group B. It was shown that there was a substantial drop in the readings of score of thrombophlebitis measurement chart, beginning on day 1 and continuing onwards for magnesium sulphate application three times in group B (p less than 0.001) According to the findings of the Mann Whitney U test, there was a statistically significant difference between groups A and B regarding the thrombophlebitis assessment grading scale for the various therapies (p less than 0.05). The fact that the median score for magnesium sulphate application, group B was constantly reduced (meaning the level of pain decreased), demonstrates that the magnesium sulphate paste application was more effective than the cold application. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that there was a significant difference between groups A and B with regard to the thrombophlebitis assessment grading scale for various therapies (p less than 0.05). The fact that the median score in magnesium sulphate application, group B was constantly reduced (meaning the level of pain decreased), demonstrates that magnesium sulphate application was more effective than the application of cold.

Growth, chlorophyll content and productivity responses of maize to magnesium sulphate application in calcareous soil

Abstract Magnesium (Mg) is an essential plant macronutrient responsible for modulating many physiological or biochemical processes such as photosynthetic activity, amino acid synthesis and nucleotide metabolism. Agricultural soils with a more-than-adequate availability of calcium (Ca) have inherent Mg deficiency, potentially resulting in overall reduced soil productivity and crop yield potential. We conducted a field experiment to investigate the optimum soil application of Mg to increase crop growth and productivity under calcareous soil conditions. In addition to recommended soil application of mineral fertilizers, we applied the following four levels of Mg to the soil in the form of anhydrous MgSO4: control, 4 kg Mg ha−1 (Mg4), 8 kg Mg ha−1 (Mg8) and 16 kg Mg ha−1 (Mg16). Results showed that Mg16 application enhanced the plant height (21%), number of grains (18%), 1,000 grains weight (20%), grain yield (20%) and biological yield (9%) over control (p ≤ 0.05). Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were generally higher at the Mg8 and Mg16 levels than at the control level. Contrasting to increases in growth traits, the concentration of K significantly decreased in grains, leaves and shoots of maize along the soil’s Mg gradient (p ≤ 0.05). We suggest that Mg16 overcomes the deficiency of soil Mg and can increase the crop yield traits in calcareous soils. More investigations of the effect of soil Mg on various crops grown in calcareous soils may add to our knowledge related to the stressing impact of soil Mg on plant K concentration.

Efficacy and safety of low dose aspirin and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Magnesium sulfate combined with low-dose aspirin can significantly reduce adverse reactions and effectively lower blood pressure in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension, but the overall efficacy and safety of the combination of drugs are not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate combined with low-dose aspirin in the treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension.Methods:Randomized controlled trials focusing on the administration of magnesium sulfate combined with low-dose aspirin for pregnancy induced hypertension were searched from PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database. Two researchers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, and extracted relevant data. The RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 14 software were used for statistical analysis.Results:The effect and safety of magnesium sulfate combined with low-dose aspirin in the treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension were assessed by summarizing the related randomized controlled trials.Conclusion:This article provides theoretical support for the clinical application of magnesium sulfate combined with low-dose aspirin in the treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension.OSF Registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/SZFGB

Effectiveness of Glycerin Magnesium Sulphate Versus Heparin Benzyl Nicotinate Application Among Children with Phlebitis

Introduction: Phlebitis is the most common complication of intravenous infusion therapy. Incidence of phlebitis in children receiving intravenous therapy has been reported to be as high as 71.25%. The study was done to find out the effectiveness of glycerin magnesium sulphate versus heparin benzyl nicotinate application in children with phlebitis.
 Methods: A pre-post control group design was used. A total of 43 subjects were randomly assigned into two groups [22 in experimental (glycerin magnesium sulphate application) and 21 in control (heparin benzyl nicotinate application) group] by lottery method. Data was collected using Modified Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP) Score.
 Results: The comparison between VIP score was based on observations made before the interventions and at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the intervention. Independent t tests showed significant difference in reduction of VIP score in experimental and control group after 12 hours and 24 hours of intervention. The study demonstrated that there is no statistically significant difference in reduction of VIP score among the subjects in experimental and control group at 12 hours (p = 0.219), 24 hours (p = 0.349), 36 hours (p = 0.695) and 48 hours (p = 0.424) after the intervention. 
 Conclusion: The study concludes that both glycerin magnesium sulphate and heparin benzyl nicotinate can be used effectively among children with phlebitis. However, after 24 hours of phlebitis, an alternative intervention needs to be used.

Effects of foliar application of magnesium sulfate on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and its translocation, and carbohydrate metabolism in grain during wheat grain filling

Our previous studies showed that foliar applied magnesium sulfate during the booting stage can effectively increase wheat grain weight. To explore the effects of foliar application of magnesium sulfate during wheat grain filling on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and grain filling, an experiment was conducted using winter wheat cultivars to assess the effects of foliar application of magnesium sulphate on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves, carbohydrate metabolism in grains, and dry matter translocation in different organs in the Zhoumai 27 and Aikang 58 cultivars at different growth stages. The results indicated throughout the different stages of growth, the flag leaves exhibited a high net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration (Tr), and a decrease in the concentration of intercellular CO2 (Ci). Therefore, foliar application of magnesium sulfate during the booting stage maintained high canopy photosynthesis after anthesis. Simultaneously, exogenous supply of magnesium sulphate enhanced the sucrose synthase (SUS) and invertase (INV) enzyme activities in detached wheat grains, meanwhile reinforced the activities of most starch synthesis enzyme such as ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthase, and consequently lead to a higher content of grain starch. Furthermore, field experiment also confirmed foliar application of magnesium sulphate can improve superior dry matter accumulation and translocation in grain.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in preeclampsia and eclampsia: The role of hypomagnesemia

PurposePosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), defined by its clinical and imaging manifestations, is a critical maternal complication. The specific pathophysiological mechanism of PRES has not been fully elucidated and remains controversial. Recently, several case studies reported that hypomagnesemia is present in the acute phase of PRES regardless of its etiology. Moreover, magnesium sulfate is a conventional treatment for preeclampsia (PE) and eclampsia; therefore, we hypothesized that hypomagnesemia might play an important role in the cascades involved in PRES in PE or eclampsia. MethodWe consecutively collected PE and eclampsia patients who were examined via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tested for magnesium levels between January 2013 and January 2017. All patients were grouped into PRES and non-PRES groups based on MRI results. Demographic data, magnesium levels and imaging features were collected retrospectively. ResultsA total of 72 patients met the inclusion criteria; these participants were sorted into PRES (n = 38) and non-PRES (n = 34) groups. Twenty-four patients (63%) in the PRES group and 2 patients (6%) in the non-PRES group presented hypomagnesemia. Moreover, magnesium levels were significantly lower in the PRES group during both the acute phase (p < 0.001) and the post-phase (p = 0.04) than in the non-PRES group. However, there was no correlation between magnesium levels and edema severity during the acute phase. ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that hypomagnesemia frequently occurs in the acute phase of obstetric PRES and suggest a potential relationship between them. Such a connection would support the application of magnesium sulfate in PE and eclampsia patients to prevent PRES. However, additional randomized trials are needed.

Cavity mirror thyroid surgery of magnesium sulfate topical application of research

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of far infrared therapeutic device (TDP) physiotherapy combined with 33.3% magnesium sulfate topical application on subcutaneous congestion and effusion after endoscopic thyroidectomy. Methods 100 patients with subcutaneous congestion and effusion after endoscopic thyroidectomy were randomly divided into two groups (52 cases in the treatment group and 48 cases in the control group). The treatment group was treated with 33.3% magnesium sulfate combined with TDP physiotherapy after operation. The control group was treated with TDP physiotherapy only. The changes of blood stasis and fluid accumulation were observed after one course of treatment (3 days). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before and after treatment. Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 96.15% higher than that of the control group (81.25%). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=15.567, P 0.05; t=-0.060, P>0.05). Conclusion Local application of magnesium sulfate combined with TDP physiotherapy is more conducive to the dissipation and absorption of congestion and effusion after endoscopic thyroidectomy than simple TDP physiotherapy. Key words: Cavity mirror thyroid surgery; Magnesium sulfate; Topical

EFFECTIVENESS OF MAGNESIUM SULFATE WITH GLYCERINE VERSUS COLD COMPRESS ON PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS CANNULA INDUCED PHLEBITIS

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate with glycerine versus cold compress on patients with a peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) induced phlebitis. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test study on 60 subjects, 30 in each group, with interventions magnesium sulfate with glycerine application to one group and cold compress to another group of patients with PIVC induced phlebitis was done in a tertiary care hospital, Kerala. Purposive sampling with random allocation of subjects to each group was done. A standardized visual infusion phlebitis (VIP) scale was used to assess the severity of PIVC induced phlebitis. Results: Both magnesium sulfate with glycerine (MD=2.1, t29=16.16, p&lt;0.001) and cold compress (MD=1.6, t29=17.59, p&lt;0.001) were found to be effective in reducing the PIVC induced phlebitis. The difference in post-interventional VIP scores between application of magnesium sulfate with glycerine and cold compress was found to be statistically significant (F(1,57)=5.362*, p&lt;0.05). The mean post-interventional VIP scores of magnesium sulfate with glycerine application (0.059) was less than the cold compress (0.274). The study concluded that magnesium sulfate with glycerine application was more effective than cold compress for treating PIVC induced phlebitis. Conclusion: The study highlights the significance of exploring the foremost effective intervention out of the many good practices currently in use in the prevention and management of phlebitis.

Advances in the role of inhaled magnesium sulphate in childhood asthma

Magnesium sulfate is a supplementary therapy strategy in pediatric asthma, its mechanisms includes inhibiting calcium ion from inflowing into respiratory muscle, reducing the release of the neurotransmitter in nerve-muscle junction and the depolarization of acetylcholine in the motor endplates, etc.Nebulised magnesium sulfate not only can improve the pulmonary function of the children with asthma, but also be safe and effetive.With the application of magnesium sulfate in adults, especially acute severe ones, its mechanisms, dosage, safety and efficiency of magnesium sulfate in pediatric asthma draw more attention. Key words: Asthma; Inhaled; Magnesium sulfate; Children

Sweet Sorghum Response to Magnesium Fertilization and Top Removal

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) can be considered as a cash crop in arid and semiarid regions. High production of syrup, sugar and ethanol yield has made the sweet sorghum an important crop in many developing programs. In this study, the effects of crop top removal, including mechanical, and chemical removal along with intact plants as control with spraying magnesium sulfate (0, 4 and 8 mM) were investigated on juice extraction, sugar content and potential ethanol yield of two sweet sorghum varieties (KFS2, KFS3). Our results indicated that juice extraction increased by top removal and application of magnesium sulfate, ranged from 13.1 to 23.4 m3 ha−1. Mechanical and chemical top removal along with spraying magnesium sulfate resulted in greater sucrose and total sugar compared to intact plants. Traits determined in study were identical between 4 and 8 mM magnesium sulfate levels; thus, 4 mM level could apply as the optimum level. In comparison, between the two varieties, KFS3 produced higher amount of extracted juice, juice production efficiency, glucose and potential ethanol yield. Ethephon showed positive effects on juice amount and sugar content as same as mechanical removal. Based on these results, it is suitable to use chemical flowering inhibitors, according to their easy application than mechanical removal. It is concluded that magnesium supply and manipulation of flowering procedure may cause higher sugar accumulation in stalks which is more beneficial for ethanol fermentation.

Effect of magnesium sources on dry matter yield and plant nutrients content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) crops varieties

A pot experiments were conducted during 2005-06 in Rabi seasons at MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan) on the response of wheat, barley and maize varieties of magnesium sources on nutrients status of soils, dry matter yield and nutrient content under grown in clay loam and loamy sand soils. The highest content of Ca was observed under varieties GW-322 of wheat, RD-2035 of barley and Pratap M-5 of maize grown soils. More Mg was observed in varieties Lok-1 of wheat, RD-2624 of barley and Aravali M-3 of maize crops grown soils. The maximum Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were observed in Lok-1 and Navjot varieties of wheat and maize grown soil. The highest Mg, P, S, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn content estimated with magnesium sulphate application soils while more Ca content was estimated in soil under application of dolomite. Lok-1 (3.18 g/pot) varieties of wheat, RD-2645 (2.67 g/pot) of barley and Pratap M-5 (8.24 g/pot) of maize were produced highest dry matter yield. Magnesium sulphate application in wheat, barley and maize crops significantly increased dry matter yield (7.28, 4.35 and 2.94%, respectively) over dolomite application. Dry matter yield significantly increased (5.22%, 9.60% and 19.11% of wheat, barley and maize crops, respectively) with grown in clay loam soil than loamy sand soil. The concentration Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn significantly higher were observed in variety Lok-1 of wheat and varieties RD-2592 of barley shoot tissue. While, highest Ca concentration was found in variety HI-8498 of wheat and variety RD-2552 of barley plant. However, maximum sulphur in variety Raj.3756 and RD-2624 of wheat and barley, respectively. Highest value of Ca, Mg and sulphur content was found in maize varieties PHEM-2, Aravali Makka-1 and Pratap Makka-3 respectively, while, highest phosphorus, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn content was found in variety Navjot. Ca content was observed significantly higher with application of dolomite grown crops dry matter.

Incidence, hemodynamic, and electrical characteristics of spreading depolarization in a swine model are affected by local but not by intravenous application of magnesium

The aim was to characterize the effects of magnesium sulfate, using i.v. bolus and local administration, using intrinsic signal imaging, and on electrocorticographic activity during the induction and propagation of spreading depolarizations in the gyrencephalic porcine brain. Local application of magnesium sulfate led to a complete inhibition of spreading depolarizations. One hour after washing out the topical magnesium sulfate, re-incidence of the spreading depolarizations was observed in 50% of the hemispheres. Those spreading depolarizations showed attenuation in hemodynamic characteristics and speed in intrinsic optical signal imaging. The electrical amplitude decreased through electrocorticographic activity. Intravenous magnesium therapy showed no significant effects on spreading depolarization incidence and characteristics.

The combination tocolytic effect of magnesium sulfate and an oxytocin receptor antagonist in myometrium from singleton and twin pregnancies

Preterm birth at <37 weeks of gestation is the most common and costly complication of pregnancy and remains the leading cause of neonatal morbidity, death, and reduced achievement in surviving infants. Magnesium sulfate is 1 class of tocolytics for threatened preterm labor; however, its clinical efficacy has been questioned. Twin pregnancies are at increased risk of preterm delivery compared with singleton gestations, which suggests that there is twin-specific risk to preterm delivery in twins. The prevention strategies that are applied to singleton pregnancies, however, have not been shown to be effective in twin pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to compare the relaxant effect of magnesium sulfate on spontaneous and oxytocin-augmented contractions of human myometrium from singleton and twin pregnancies and to examine whether the effect of oxytocin on magnesium sulfate's potency could be reversed with the use of the oxytocin receptor antagonist, atosiban. Myometrium was obtained at the time of prelabor cesarean section (36-40 weeks of gestation) from women with singleton (n=23) or twin (n=12) pregnancy. Isometric tension recordings were made on myometrial strips that were mounted in organ baths that were superfused with physiologic saline solution. Strips were exposed to rising concentrations of magnesium sulfate, and the effect on spontaneous contractions or stimulated with oxytocin (0.5 nmol/L) and in the presence or absence of atosiban (100 nmol/L) was recorded. The contractile characteristics after each application of magnesium sulfate, which included amplitude of contraction and activity integral, were measured. Concentration-response curves were fitted with the use of nonlinear regression and comparison of the negative logarithm of the 50% reduction in activity values. Magnesium sulfate exerted an equal concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on spontaneous myometrial contractions from both singleton and twin myometrium (P>.05). The application of oxytocin produced a significant rightward shift in the concentration-response curves (P<.0001), but no differences were found between pregnancy groups (P>.05). The addition of atosiban shifted concentration-response curves significantly back to the left for amplitude of contraction and activity integral in singletons (P<.0001). However, only activity integral was significantly reversed in twins (P<.01). Magnesium sulfate is equipotent in suppressing contractions in singleton and twin myometrium. Oxytocin (0.5 nmol/L) significantly reduces the tocolytic potency of magnesium sulfate, which may explain, in part, magnesium sulfate's poor efficacy invivo; however, this can be reversed partially by the use of an oxytocin receptor antagonist. Combination tocolysis that involves oxytocin receptor antagonists requires further investigation.

Magnesium Sulfate Combined Montelukast Sodium Clinical Observationon Treatment of Infantile Asthma

Objective: To observe the application of magnesium sulfate combined Montelukast pediatric asthma clinical curative effect of sodium. Methods: Select zhenan county maternity and child care in November 2014 to November 2015 treated 66 cases of children asthma, randomly divided into control group and research group, 33 cases in each group, control group given conventional treatment, treatment group on the basis of this combined with magnesium sulfate and montelukast sodium, adjuvant therapy, observe the therapeutic effect of two groups. Results: The treatment group effective rate was 96%, better than the control group 81%, comparing the two groups have significant difference (P < 0.05), and the symptoms disappear time significantly less than the control group. Conclusion: The application of combined montelukast sodium and magnesium sulfate on infantile asthma with obvious therapeutic effect, less adverse reaction, worth clinical promotion.

A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Cold Application, Heparinoid Application and Magnesium-sulphate Application on Superficial Thrombophlebitis among Patients Admitted in Selected Hospital of Gujarat

A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Cold Application, Heparinoid Application and Magnesium-sulphate Application on Superficial Thrombophlebitis among Patients Admitted in Selected Hospital of Gujarat

土豆薄片湿敷治疗早产儿脂肪乳外渗效果观察

目的：探讨土豆薄片湿敷治疗早产儿脂肪乳外渗的效果。方法：对静脉输注脂肪乳发生外渗的46例患儿采用土豆薄片湿敷治疗，观察肿胀消退情况及时间，以硫酸镁湿敷作为对照。结果：46例患儿治愈率为86.96%，有效率为100%，平均治疗时间为3.14 ± 0.99 h，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：土豆薄片湿敷治疗早产儿脂肪乳外渗简单、易行，效果令人满意，值得推广应用。 Objective: To investigate the effects of applying potato fractions for treatment of fat milk exosmosis in preterm fants. Methods: The wet compress of potato flake treatments were performed in 46 cases preterm fants with fat milk exosmosis. The efficacy, as well as regression the times of swell were observed and recorded, respectively. External application of magnesium sulfate was as control group. Results: Among 46 cases, the rate of cure, the rate of effection and the average period of treatment were 100%, 86.96%, 3.14 ± 0.99 h, respectively, and there were significance between the cases and controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It is simple, feasible and effective to treat fat emulsion leakage in preterm fants by using potato fractions, and it is worth using widely.

Application of magnesium sulfate and its nanoparticles for enhanced lipid production by mixotrophic cultivation of algae using biodiesel waste

CG (Crude glycerol) is one of the major wastes of biodiesel production process. It can be used as a substrate for lipid production by algae and the produced lipid can be recycled as a feedstock for biodiesel production. In order to avoid substrate inhibition, lipid production media are prepared by diluting the CG with distilled water. However, CG contains only a small amount of Mg (57.41 ± 18 ppm) and its concentration is further decreased to around 0.57 ppm during the dilution process. Apart from having a number of roles in algal physiology, Mg is the central atom of chlorophyll. Therefore, MgSO4 was evaluated as a Mg source to supplement the CG based media used for lipid production by Chlorella vulgaris. By supplementing the process with 1 g/L of MgSO4, nearly 185.29 ± 4.53% improvement in lipid production has been achieved. Further, application of MgSO4 nanoparticles was found to improve the lipid production by 118.23 ± 5.67%. Interestingly, unlike MgSO4, its nanoparticles were found to enhance the lipid production at the expense of only a small amount of glycerol. Thus, application of MgSO4 nanoparticles could be a potential strategy for enhanced lipid yield.