MgSO4 Research Articles

Comparison Effect of Clonidine and Magnesium Sulfate on Bleeding Volume during Septorhinoplasty: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Control of hemodynamic changes and blood loss is a daily challenge in general anesthesia for patients undergoing septorhinoplasty. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of magnesium sulfate and clonidine on the control of hemodynamic factors and bleeding volume during this procedure. Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing septorhinoplasty at 5th Azar Medical & Educational Centre of Gorgan in 2021-2022. Patients were divided into two intervention groups (50 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate) and control group (5 μg/kg of clonidine) with permutation random block allocation. All patients underwent induced hypotension. Before induction of anesthesia and every 5 minutes afterwards, blood pressure was recorded. Blood loss volume was calculated at the end of the surgery. Results: In the magnesium group, 36 individuals were evaluated, while in the clonidine group, 24 individuals were examined. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics of patients in the two groups and the duration of surgery. Both drugs were equally effective in inducing hypotension, however blood pressure changes in magnesium group were more trivial than clonidine group. The bleeding volume in the magnesium sulfate and clonidine groups was 139.44 ml and 141.25, respectively and this difference was not statistically significant (p-value=0.634). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that magnesium sulfate can be effectively used as an alternative to clonidine in controlling hemodynamic changes and ultimately reducing blood loss volume during septorhinoplasty surgery. In addition, magnesium is at least as effective as clonidine in stabilizing hemodynamic changes.

Proximate analysis of Pleurotus florida influenced by magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in submerged and solid-state cultivation

Pleurotus florida is a widely consumed and easily cultivated mushroom, valued for its high nutritional content. This study aimed to enhance its mineral content through substrate fortification, specifically using magnesium sulfate, to create more nutrient-rich food products. Since minerals are crucial for mushroom growth, supplementing substrates can significantly improve both incubation and fructification, addressing the need for higher-quality mushrooms in functional foods and dietary supplements. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the Mushroom Technology Laboratory, School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India, to examine the effects of Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on P. florida during the rainy season (July–October 2022) in both submerged and solid-state cultivation. Different concentration of MgSO4 (Control, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) was supplemented to PDA media and paddy straw for cultivation of P.floridamushroom. The study assessed fruiting body production, mycelial biomass yield, protein content, and antioxidant activity. Results showed that MgSO4 significantly increased biomass production (28.67mg/100ml and 89.06g/500g of substrate for T3 for both mycelia and fruiting body), antioxidant activity (88.90 and 96.86% for control), and bioactive content (protein 20.28and 20.72 mg/100g for both mycelia and fruiting body respectively at treatment T4), notably affecting the mushrooms' metabolic profile (p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that mineral-fortified P. florida mushrooms are rich in essential nutrients and have potential as valuable pharmaceutical products.

Comparative study of Bupivacaine with magnesium sulfate versus bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine in peripheral nerve stimulator-guided transversus abdominis plane block for post-operative analgesia in cesarean section

Background: Magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine can be used as an adjuvant to local anesthetic solutions to enhance the quality and duration of peripheral nerve blocks. Aims and Objective: The objective was to compare magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine (0.25%) in a transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block using a peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) for post-operative pain relief in parturients undergoing caesarean delivery. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 pregnant women of ASA Grade I and II in the age range of 18–40, underwent elective cesarean delivery under the subarachnoid block, were divided into three groups of 50 each: Group A (bupivacaine and normal saline), Group B (bupivacaine and MgSO4), and Group C (bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine). Following caesarean delivery, all participants went through a bilateral PNS guided TAP block utilizing one of the treatment techniques. At 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h, all patients were monitored for pain, hemodynamic parameters, and side effects. Results: The present study was carried out on 60 patients of thyroid lesions, out of which 21 cases were benign and 39 cases were malignant lesions. Correlation between ICC and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a significant correlation was observed between ICC and RT-PCR for BRAF mutation (P<0.001). As per location of tumor is concerned, no significant correlation was observed with BRAF through ICC (P>0.001). The total concordance between ICC and quantitative RT-PCR was 96.8% (Pearson Chi-square test P-value is less than the significance level (0.05), which was statistical significant (P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of BRAF ICC on cellblock in malignant thyroid lesions was 76.9% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of BRAF RT-PCR on cellblock in malignant thyroid lesions was 79.4% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of combined BRAF ICC with RT-PCR was 96.8%, 100%, 100%, 90%, and 97.5%, respectively, on cellblock in malignant thyroid lesions. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate can be safely used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine (0.25%) to prolong the duration of pain relief while reducing the consumption of other analgesics without significant side effects.

Mining, Identification, and Fermentation Optimization of Chitin Deacetylase from a Novel Strain Enterobacter sp. ZCDA27.

Chitin, a natural organic compound with content slightly lower than cellulose, is also known for chitosan, a substance derived from chitin through deacetylation. In this experiment, preliminary screening was conducted using the plate discoloration circle method, leading to the selection of a high-yield CDA-producing strain from 28 candidates through rescreening. Morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed 99.93% homology with Enterobacter sichuanensis strain N24, thus naming this strain Enterobacter strain ZCDA27. Initial fermentation of the strain yielded CDA activity of 9.29 U/mL. Single-factor optimization was then performed, followed by a PB test to screen for significant factors affecting enzyme production. The response surface method was used to further optimize the fermentation conditions. The optimal fermentation conditions for the carbon source, nitrogen source, metal ion, fermentation temperature, time, liquid volume, and initial pH were explored. Significant factors affecting enzyme production, including MgSO4, initial medium pH, and fructose levels, were identified using the PB test. Finally, the fermentation conditions of ZCDA27 were optimized using the Box-Behnken design combined with RSM, which comprised fructose at 1.020%, magnesium sulfate at 0.016%, and peptone at 1%. The fermentation conditions included a temperature of 37, initial pH of 7.1, rotation speed of 140 × g, fermentation time of 28h, inoculation amount of 2%, and liquid volume of 40%. Under these conditions, the enzyme activity of ZCDA27 reached 14.52 U/mL, a 1.6-fold increase from the pre-optimization levels. In summary, this study provides an experimental foundation for further development and application of Enterobacter spp. ZCDA27 CDA.

Diagnostic potential of rhinovirus C using reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP).

Rhinoviruses (RVs), particularly RV-C, frequently cause acute respiratory infections and asthma exacerbations. However, there is a lack of routine detection methods. Thus, this study aims to develop a rapid molecular and differential diagnostic detection method for RV-C using the reverse transcription (RT) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) approach. The RT-LAMP assay targeting the 5'UTR region of RV-C genome was optimized by varying the reaction temperature, magnesium sulphate, betaine concentrations, and reaction time. Compared with conventional RT-PCR with a sensitivity of 106 copies of RNA, RT-LAMP demonstrated a significant increase in efficiency and sensitivity with a quantifiable viral load of at least 101 copies of RNA by gel electrophoresis and colour change, and 104 copies of RNA for end-point detection with a turbidimeter for 40min. The assay is also specific without amplifying RV-A16 and RV-B72 genomic RNA. In the proof-of-concept assay using 30 clinical respiratory samples with known etiological agents, it detected all RV-C isolates, of which its accuracy was confirmed by sequencing. The newly developed RT-LAMP assay demonstrated good analytical sensitivity and specificity toward RV-C. The assay provides an alternative for improved RV-C diagnosis.

Effect of AR-glass fibers and natural micronized zeolite on mechanical and permeability properties of concrete exposed to normal, sodium chloride, and magnesium sulfate environments

This article investigates the effects of AR glass fibers and micronized natural zeolite on reducing permeability and increasing compressive strength. However, there is little detailed information about the impact of the interaction of zeolite and AR glass fibers on the mechanical properties and their comparison in normal environments with Chloride (NaCl) and sulfate (MgSO4). According to the results of the tests, the compressive strength of mixture 9 (1 % by volume of concrete, glass fibers, and 12 % by weight of cement, zeolite) and mixture 11 (2 % by volume of concrete, glass fibers, and 8 % by weight of cement, zeolite) in normal environments, Chloride and sulfate increased by 43.2, 34.8, and 30.1, 64.1, 68, and 58.8 %, respectively, compared to the control sample of its environment. The permeability of mixtures 9 and 11 has decreased by 68.42, 66.67, 42.31, 47.37, 61.9, and 55.77 %, respectively, compared to the control sample of its environment. Finally, SEM images have been used to investigate the microscopic structure.

Aconite Poisoning: From Crisis to Healing

ABSTRACTEarly recognition and prompt intervention are crucial in managing aconite poisoning. Rapid treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate and amiodarone can stabilize severe cardiac arrhythmias. Vigilant monitoring and tailored therapeutic strategies enhance recovery and improve patient outcomes in acute poisoning cases.

THE EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM SULFATE NEBULIZATION IN ACUTE EXACERBATION OF ASTHMA

Acute exacerbations of asthma are a significant public health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings. Nebulized magnesium sulfate has shown potential as an adjunctive therapy in managing asthma exacerbations, but its effectiveness and safety in the Pakistani population remain underexplored. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nebulized magnesium sulfate in managing acute asthma exacerbations in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 participants with acute asthma exacerbations. Nebulized magnesium sulfate was administered as part of standard or adjunctive therapy. Symptom severity, including shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness, was assessed before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with descriptive statistics summarizing findings. Results: Significant symptom improvement was observed following treatment. The proportion of patients reporting mild shortness of breath increased from 0% to 40.5%, and mild wheezing from 0% to 62.0%. No adverse effects were reported, and 58.0% of participants rated the treatment as somewhat effective. Satisfaction levels were also high, with 58.5% somewhat satisfied and 21.0% very satisfied with the treatment. Conclusion: Nebulized magnesium sulfate is an effective and safe adjunctive therapy for acute asthma exacerbations. Its inclusion in treatment protocols can improve patient outcomes, particularly in resource-constrained healthcare settings. Further studies are warranted to develop standardized guidelines for its use.

Response of Flame Seedless Grapevines to Foliar Spray with Magnesium Sulphate and Seaweed Extract

In order to preserve the health of vineyards, viticulture is heavily reliant on phytochemicals. Nevertheless, the development of eco-friendly strategies is being driven by green regulations in order to reduce their accumulation in the environment. In this regard, seaweeds have been demonstrated to be one of the marine resources with the greatest potential as plant protective agents, offering an environmentally benign alternative approach to sustainable grapevine production. The present study was conducted in vineyard located at West of the West Desert Road, Al-Qusiya city, Assiut Governorate to assessed the effectiveness of the solo or dual foliar application of magnesium sulphate and/or seaweed extract at various dosage (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% for each one) on the yield, cluster parameters and berries physio-chemical quality of Flame Seedless grapevines throughout 2023 and 2024 seasons using randomized complete block design in ten treatments with 3 replicates. The results were summarized that applying seaweed extract was more efficacious than magnesium sulphate particularly at 0.2% followed by 0.1%. foliar spraying with 0.2% for both seaweed extract and magnesium sulphate was the most effective treatment on studied traits followed by the concentration of 0.1% for both without significant differences. Therefore, the combination of 0.1% magnesium sulphate + 0.1% seaweed extract has proven to be an effective approach for enhancing the growth, yield, and both physical and chemical quality of Flame seedless grapes in Egypt under sandy soil.

Comparison of infusion of dexmedetomedine and magnesium sulfate on the stability of hemodynamic status during emergency orthopedic surgery: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Objective: Preparing patients for emergency surgeries requires accurate consideration of their clinical condition and medical history to avoid potential hemodynamic instability and compromise the immune system. This study aims to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate infusions in maintaining stable hemodynamics during emergency orthopedic surgery. Methods: The present study was conducted as a randomized and double-blind clinical trial with the participation of 80 patients who were candidates for an emergency orthopedic surgery during 2021. Magnesium sulfate was administered as an intravenous bolus at a loading dose of 50 mg/kg over 10 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 15-20 mg/kg/hour. Dexmedetomidine was administered as an intravenous bolus at a loading dose of 1 mcg/kg over 10 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 0.2-0.7 mcg/kg/hour, depending on patient response. These infusions were initiated 15 minutes before induction of anesthesia and continued until the end of surgery. All drugs (dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate) were diluted in a 50-cc syringe and infused. The hemodynamic status (diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)) of the patients between the two groups was recorded and finally compared with each other. Results: The hemodynamic status (DBP, SBP, MAP and HR) between the two groups at all (perioperative time) times were without significant statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate are effective and safe options for achieving hemodynamic stability during emergency orthopedic surgery.

Process Route to Generate Double Hydrated Magnesium and Ammonium Sulfates from a Rich Magnesium Sulfate Effluent

Process Route to Generate Double Hydrated Magnesium and Ammonium Sulfates from a Rich Magnesium Sulfate Effluent

Analgesic Effects of Magnesium Sulphate In Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectom

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of intraoperative administration of MgSO4 in achieving satisfactory postoperative pain relief following laparoscopic surgery. Study Design: Quasi-experimental research. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Apr to Sep 2021. Methodology: A total of 200 patients gave their informed consent before being split into two groups of 100. Patients were given Tablet Alprazolam 0.25mg and Omeprazole 20mg the night before surgery and again on the morning of surgery, and were asked for NPO for 8 hours before to surgery. Group 1 got 50 mg/kg of magnesium sulphate diluted in 250 ml of isotonic 0.9% normal saline intravenously during surgery, while Group 2 received the same volume of isotonic 0.9% normal saline. Results: Administering intravenous magnesium sulphate at an intravenous dose of 50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight before laryngoscopy and intubation significantly reduces the need for post-operative pain medication by reducing post-operative pain and delaying its onset. Additionally, it reduces the amount of pain medication required after surgery. Therefore, overall, pretreatment with magnesium sulphate has a significant impact on post-operative pain management. Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate is an excellent analgesic for people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Magnesium sulphate and sodium bicarbonate as additives for periarticular local infiltration analgesia improve pain management after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPeriarticular local infiltration analgesia (LIA) has become a widely used method for postoperative pain management after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). However, the efficacy of using magnesium sulphate or sodium bicarbonate in LIA cocktails during UKA is not yet clear. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the modified LIA has advantages in pain control and joint function recovery after UKA surgery.MethodsSixty-one patients who underwent UKA were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive periarticular infiltration of a modified cocktail (comprising ropivacaine, epinephrine, dexamethasone, magnesium sulphate, and sodium bicarbonate) or a conventional cocktail (comprising ropivacaine, epinephrine, dexamethasone, ketorolac, and morphine). The outcomes included the consumption of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) medication used for postoperative analgesia, pain score, early joint functional recovery, discharge time, and complication rates.ResultsIn the first 12 h after surgery, the conventional cocktail was not superior to the modified cocktail in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. However, beginning on the second postoperative day, the analgesic effect was significantly prolonged in the modified group, leading to lower VAS scores and better knee functional recovery. Additionally, patients in the modified group required less pain medication via PCIA, both within the first 24 h and cumulatively up to 48 h after surgery. Both groups had similar rates of complications.ConclusionsThe present modification of a conventional cocktail significantly prolonged the analgesic effect and reduced pain medication consumption after UKA surgery, which was associated with better functional recovery in the early postoperative days.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200060500. 21 March 2023.

Chitozan-zeolite Composite Fertilizer Formulations for Enhancing Nutrient Use Efficiency

The experiment was carried out in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala, from January to May 2024. Slow release fertilizer formulations (SRF) containing all the major (N, P,K), secondary (Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (Zn, B) were prepared using compatible fertilizer materials(urea, diammonium phosphate, muriate of potash, phosphogypsum, magnesium sulphate, zinc sulphate and borax), carrier materials (zeolite and chitosan) which are mixed in five ratios (1:1,1:2,1:3,2:1,3:1) and prepared by two methods namely solid impregnation and solute impregnation. Ten formulations were prepared with different combinations of fertilizer mix, carrier materials and impregnation methods. These formulations were prepared to meet the specific nutrient needs of solanaceous crops (75:40:25 N:P:K kgha-1) and the soil nutrient status. The formulations were characterized for their physical (hygroscopicity, moisture content and stability) and electro-chemical properties (pH, EC) and observed that they are non hygroscopic, non caking and are highly stable. The moisture content of formulations ranged from 2.57 % to 3.92 %, pH 6.30 to 6.81 and EC 10.06 to 16.29 dS m-1. The nutrient content in these formulations were 10.21 to 12.02 % nitrogen, 3.82 to 4.63 % phosphorus, 2.65 to 5.28 % potassium, 5.58 to 6.58 % calcium, 2.46 to 3.08% magnesium, 2.58 to 3.46% sulphur, 1.06 to 1.23% zinc and 0.15 to 0.24% boron. The highest nutrient content was obtained in formulation containing fertilizer mix + C-Z (1:1) prepared by solid impregnation method.

Antioxidant Therapy in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: Adjuvant or Future Alternative to Therapeutic Hypothermia?

Oxidative stress-related diseases in newborns arise from pro-oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in both term and preterm neonates. Pro-oxidant/antioxidant imbalance has shown to be present in different pathological conditions such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We performed a narrative review according to the most recent available literature (2012-2024), using Scopus and PubMed as electronic databases. Many observational and experimental studies in vitro and in vivo have evaluated the effectiveness of antioxidant therapies such as melatonin, erythropoietin (EPO), allopurinol, N-acetylcisteine (NAS), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors in these diseases. Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in term and near-term newborns. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the gold standard treatment for neonates with moderate-severe perinatal asphyxia, resulting in a reduction in the mortality and neurodevelopmental disability rates. According to the most recent literature and clinical trials, melatonin, allopurinol, NAS, NOS inhibitors, magnesium sulfate, and stem cells stand out as promising as both adjuvants and future probable alternatives to TH in the treatment of HIE.

A clinical audit of hypomagnesaemia management at Scarborough General Hospital

BackgroundHypomagnesaemia is a common electrolyte disturbance that can lead to severe complications, including cardiac dysrhythmias and neuromuscular instability. Despite established guidelines by the York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, there is concern that these protocols are not consistently followed, potentially compromising patient outcomes. Objective: This audit aimed to evaluate the management of hypomagnesaemia at Scarborough General Hospital, focusing on adherence to trust guidelines and identifying areas for improvement in clinical practice. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 98 patients diagnosed with hypomagnesaemia between May and December 2023. Data on patient demographics, severity of hypomagnesaemia, ECG monitoring, treatment modalities and correction times were collected and analysed. The audit compared current practices against trust guidelines, specifically assessing the frequency of ECG monitoring, daily serum magnesium level checks, and the use of parenteral versus oral magnesium supplementation. ResultsThe audit revealed that 67% of patients had mild, asymptomatic hypomagnesaemia, while 33% presented with moderate to severe forms. ECGs were performed in 66% of cases, with 13.7% showing abnormalities. Despite guidelines recommending daily magnesium level monitoring, only 66% of patients received this care. Severe hypomagnesaemia was corrected within 3.5 days on average, while mild cases required 4.5 days. The frequent use of proton pump inhibitors was identified as a significant contributor to hypomagnesaemia. Notably, only half of the severe cases received the full recommended course of intravenous magnesium sulphate, with many being switched to oral supplementation prematurely. ConclusionWhile some aspects of hypomagnesaemia management at Scarborough General Hospital align with trust guidelines, significant gaps remain, particularly in monitoring practices and adherence to treatment protocols. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational initiatives and potential revisions to existing guidelines to improve patient outcomes.

Effect of Magnesium Sulfate and Rhizosphere Microorganisms on the Growth and Biosynthesis of Cymbopogon nardus L. Essential Oil

Background: Citronella oil from Cymbopogon nardus L. is used in various fields, including health, industry and pharmaceuticals. Efforts to increase the content and quality of essential oils in this research were made with the application of magnesium sulfate. Rhizosphere microorganisms, which act as biological fertilizers, are applied to assist in the absorption of nutrients. This research aims to determine the interaction between the type of rhizosphere microorganisms and the dose of MgSO4 on growth, essential oil yield and essential oil content in C. nardus. Methods: The research was carried out from February to August 2023. The research used a randomized block design arranged factorially with three replications. The first factor is the type of rhizosphere microorganisms (without RM, PGPR and AMF) and the second factor is the MgSO4 fertilizer dose (0, 190, 285 and 280 kg ha-1). Result: Providing MgSO4 fertilizer can increase the growth and yield of essential oils of C. nardus. The application of PGPR and AMF can increase efficiency of MgSO4 fertilization. Treatment without administering rhizosphere microorganisms required a higher dose of MgSO4 compared to PGPR and AMF treatments. To increase growth variables and essential oil quality, treatment without rhizosphere microorganisms requires MgSO4 of 380 kg ha-1, while PGPR and AMF only require MgSO4 at a dose of 190-285 kg ha-1.

Administration patterns of magnesium sulphate for women with preeclampsia and immediate newborn outcomes in Kawempe National Referral Hospital-Uganda: a cohort study

BackgroundPreeclampsia is the second leading cause of maternal death in Uganda. WHO recommends using magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) to prevent and treat preeclampsia with severe features (PEC) and eclampsia. MgSO4 is used to prevent eclampsia and treat women who experience an eclamptic convulsion to avoid severe maternal/infant illnesses and death. We set out to assess MgSO4 administration patterns in women with PEC or eclampsia and the immediate newborn outcomes of neonates.MethodsThis was an analytical observational cohort study at Kawempe National Referral Hospital in Uganda. Two hundred ten pregnant mothers with PEC or eclampsia were recruited in the study after receiving the loading dose of MgSO4 and then followed through labour and delivery to observe MgSO4 administration patterns and immediate newborn outcomes using Apgar and Thompson scores. SPSS version 23 was used to analyse data, and both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine factors associated with the low Apgar score at five minutes.ResultsOverall, majority of the patients received more than one dose with 33.3% received a sixth dose of MgSO4. The majority, 84.8%, of the mothers delivered live babies, 31.0% babies had complications, and were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). NICU admissions were mostly due to respiratory distress21.4%, preterm delivery21.0%, and 5.5% died within seven days. Majority 93.3% of the newborns had an Apgar score of seven and above at five minutes, of the newborns who were Thompson scored, 70.4% scored between 1 to 10 which is mild HIE. Initiation of MgSO4 treatment within one hour from prescription (AOR = 0.49, CI: 0.01–1.94), 4-hourly timing of the first maintenance dose (AOR = 0.22, CI: 0.06–0.79) and having complete doses of MgSO4 treatment (AOR = 0.89, CI: 0.03–3.05) decreased the likelihood of having low Apgar scores at five minutes.ConclusionsTimely administration of the first maintenance dose of MgSO4 decreases the likelihood of low Apgar score at 5 min and NICU admission in newborns, and most NICU admissions were due to respiratory distress and preterm delivery.

Effect of magnesium sulfate on post-operative pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Magnesium sulfate is a well-known analgesic, acting by antagonizing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the central nervous system. Methods: A systematic search of databases was conducted, 2388 articles were identified and reviewed and 34 articles containing control and intervention groups were finally entered. Terms and keywords were selected based on PICO. The titles of obtained articles were first evaluated and repetitive titles were excluded. Then, the full texts of the remaining articles were studied, and those based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated. In addition, studies investigated in terms of the risk of bias (selection, performance, reporting, attrition, etc.), and content and studies that did not have the appropriate quality for the above reasons were excluded. EndNote X7 software used for managing resources, organizing studies, and identifying repetitive cases. The extracted information from the articles was analyzed by meta-analyzing. The dissimilarity between the studies was checked by Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistics. Results: Postoperative pain is one of the major concerns of anesthesiologists, and its poor management can be associated with adverse events. The main goals of this study are to examine the effect of magnesium sulfate consumption on the first-time analgesic request after surgery, the amount of analgesic consumption after surgery, the patient’s pain score, and patient satisfaction after surgery. According to the P value (0.93), it can be concluded that the amount of pain in the first 24 hours of the two groups is not different. It can be concluded that the amount of pain in the first hour of the two groups is different (P value=0.04). The P value (0.0007) shows that the amount of analgesic request in the first 24 hours of the two groups is different. Except for one study, this study showed that magnesium sulfate made a significant improvement in terms of patient satisfaction. Overall, the use of magnesium sulfate significantly prolonged the time to request analgesics. Conclusion: Since magnesium sulfate is a cost-effective drug, without major risk and a wide reliable serum range, the effect of this drug as an adjuvant should be further investigated.

Nebulized Ketamine or Magnesium Sulphate for Attenuating Stress Response to Laryngoscopy and Intubation in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgeries

Nebulized Ketamine or Magnesium Sulphate for Attenuating Stress Response to Laryngoscopy and Intubation in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgeries