Magnesium Sulfate Solution Research Articles

Innovative strategies for ammonia nitrogen removal in rare earth tailings: An advanced element recycling process using leaching, chemical precipitation and adsorption

Residual ammonium salt in closed rare earth mining sites leads to elevated levels of ammonia nitrogen in the surrounding environment. To mitigate ammonia nitrogen pollution at its source, a cost-effective and environmentally friendly recycling process was proposed. This process involves leaching residual ammonia nitrogen using a magnesium sulfate solution, followed by chemical precipitation for ammonia nitrogen removal. Additionally, nitrogen can be recovered as ammonia gas through the thermal decomposition of precipitates, allowing for further ammonia nitrogen adsorption from the leachate. The residual ammonium salts leaching rate reached 96.38 % with a 0.1 mol/L magnesium sulfate solution at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The chemical precipitation method achieved a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 86.87 %, with an activation energy of 2.6 kJ/mol, indicating a relatively rapid process. At 190 °C, the ammonia nitrogen release rate of precipitates was 82.5 % after 2 h of thermal decomposition. The adsorption process was consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetics models using thermal decomposition products. Overall, the comprehensive removal rate of residual ammonium salts from the closed rare earth mining site was approximately 83.3 % in recycling process, optimizing the utilization of phosphorus, magnesium, and nitrogen and achieving efficient and environmentally friendly nitrogen removal.

The Relationship Between the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Herders on Hygienic Milking and The Contamination Risk of Milk with Cryptosporidium Oocyst in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Dairy products are consumed by millions on daily basis worldwide and as such the potential for foodborne illness is a major concern. This study investigated the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocyst in cow bulk milk and the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of herders towards hygienic milking in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 120 milk samples were collected for this study. Detection of Cryptosporidium oocyst in milk samples was carried out by concentration technique using Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) solution and stained with Modified Ziehl Neelsen method. Sixty (60) structured questionnaires were administered to herders in the study area to identify possible risk factors and assess their knowledge, attitudes and practices toward hygienic milking. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in cow bulk milk was 11.7% (14/120). Questionnaires administered showed that the majority of the respondents had poor knowledge (88.3%), negative attitudes (85.0%) and adopted unsatisfactory practices (95.0%) to hygienic milking. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in cow bulk milk from this study suggests that the dairy cattle in these LGAs have a high potential for transmitting Cryptosporidium to humans. Hence the findings of this study are of great public health significance as these group of animals sampled produce milk for consumption in both urban and rural communities. Therefore, inhabitants of these LGAs should be informed and educated on the need to improve sanitary measures while milking these animals and the need for adequate pasteurization of milk before consumption.

Mechanical and durability performance of eco-friendly geopolymer-stabilized soil

This work compared the mechanical performance and the durability of clayey soil stabilized using mechanochemically activated geopolymer (MAG) with conventionally activated geopolymer (CAG). The effect of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) content on the long-term durability of geopolymer-stabilized soil has also been studied. The samples of geopolymer stabilized soils were immersed in 1% magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) solution for 60 and 120 days. The appearance, ultrasonic pulse velocity, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and FTIR spectroscopy of those samples were considered to evaluate their sulphate erosion resistance. Before the exposure to the MgSO4 solution, the UCS of MAG samples was higher (12%–45%) than that of CAG-stabilized soil. Furthermore, the strength of the geopolymer-stabilized soil improved by 114%, 247%, and 361%, at 50%, 75%, and 100% GGBS content, respectively. After exposure to the MgSO4 solution, the results showed that the mechanochemically activated geopolymer-stabilized soil has better resistance to sulphate erosion than the conventionally activated geopolymer-stabilized soil. The residual UCS for MAG and CAG samples were 93% and 89% when exposed to 1% magnesium sulphate solution for 60 days, whereas they declined to 70% and 58%, respectively, after 120 days of immersion.

Durability properties of ambient-cured fly ash-phosphogypsum blended geopolymer mortar in terms of water absorption, porosity, and sulfate resistance

This paper aimed to investigate the durability of ambient-cured fly ash-phosphogypsum blended geopolymer mortar (GPM) when exposed to a water and sulfate environment at different durations. Water absorption, porosity, and sulfate resistance tests were conducted to determine the durability. The GPM was prepared at 0 wt%, 30 wt%, and 40 wt% PG replacement of fly ash content in the mixture. The mix proportions were determined experimentally at 10 M sodium hydroxide, alkaline liquid/precursor of 0.4, sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide of 1.5, and binder/aggregate of 1.0. The samples were immersed in potable water and magnesium sulfate solution. The changes in weight, length, and compressive strength were monitored. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to analyze the structure and composition. The findings showed that GPM with 30 wt% phosphogypsum added had lower water absorption, porosity, and sulfate attack than GPM with 0 wt% phosphogypsum attributed to the formation of hydrated gels leading to a dense microstructure and improved strength. The changes in weight, length, and strength variations trend for GPM were within optimal performance standards. This has implications for the practical application of GPM in construction where it can be used as an alternative to Portland cement mortar in sulfate-rich environments.

Utilizing Magnesium Carbonate Induced by CO2 to Modify the Performance of Plastic Clay

Highly plastic clays pose significant challenges in engineering projects. Various techniques have been employed to enhance their properties, though many face difficulties related to implementation and environmental impact. This study examines the effect of CO2-induced magnesium carbonate on improving the geotechnical behavior of plastic clay. CO2-induced magnesium carbonate was produced via mineral carbonation and used to improve the behavior of highly plastic natural clay. CO2 gas was injected into a sodium hydroxide solution to produce carbonate ions (CO32−). Magnesium carbonate was precipitated on a laboratory scale by adding magnesium sulfate solution to the carbonate ion solution. Clayey soil samples were obtained from test pits in the Meyghan Plain near Arak, Iran. The clay samples were treated with different percentages of the produced magnesium carbonate. Various parameters of the treated and untreated samples, including index properties, unconfined compressive strength, consolidation behavior, and swelling potential, were studied. It was found that the liquid limit and plasticity index of the treated clay decreased as the magnesium carbonate content increased. The soil classification changed from high plastic clay (CH) to low plastic silt (ML) with the addition of 15% magnesium carbonate to the highly plastic clay. The unconfined compressive strength of the treated clay increased. Additionally, the consolidation behavior and swelling index of the treated clay improved as the magnesium carbonate content increased. This study confirms that CO2-induced magnesium carbonate is a promising material for improving the behavior of highly plastic clays, offering a sustainable approach to environmental management.

Durability of Non-Heat-Cured Geopolymer Mortars Containing Metakaolin and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

This study presents the durability, strength and microstructure of non-heat-cured geopolymer mortars (GMs) containing metakaolin (MK), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3), CEN sand and network water. Optimum MK, GGBFS and activator solution ratios were investigated, and the compressive strength of non-heat-cured 28-day GMs reached 55 MPa. Analysis of GMs using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry (EDX) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) revealed alumino-silicate formation, potassium from KOH solution and calcium from GGBFS. It showed that the grains containing high silica in the form of quartz crystals were found in the gel formation. The strength and durability of MK- and GGBFS-based GMs exposed to freeze–thawing, a high temperature, wear loss, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and HCl solutions were found to be sufficient.

Resistance to magnesium sulphate attack of binary and ternary cementless self-compacting alkali-activated mortar

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sulphate on self-compacting alkali-activated mortars (SCAAMs) produced using volcanic scoria (V), boron waste (B) and granulated blast furnace slag (G) together with alkali activators. Thus, the production of cement-free alkali-active mortar by recycling waste and reducing the CO2 effect increases the importance of this study. The fact that the waste material is provided free of charge and that V is readily available from nature provides economic advantages in the production of these mortars. In this experimental study, magnesium sulphate solution was utilized to define the sulphate resistance of SCAAMs. In binary SCAAMs, B was used with G in a ratio of NS:NH = 3.0, with an increase from 5 % to 15 %; in ternary mixtures, B was used together with G and V in the same proportions, in a ratio of NS:NH = 1.0. The tests involved immersion in 5 % magnesium sulphate solution for 1, 3 and 6 months. Mass development, compressive strength, visual inspection and microstructural changes were investigated. In general, the binary SCAAMs performed better in magnesium sulphate solution than the ternary SCAAMs, except in the 6th month. Considering the samples with the highest B content, a 100 % loss of compressive strength occurred in the B15G85 sample under the influence of sulphate for 6 months, while a loss of compressive strength of about 15 % occurred in the B15G40V45 sample. The results showed that the increase in B content caused a severe deterioration of the sulphate effect in the samples over time and that the V additive had a positive effect on the sulphate resistance.

Enhancing alkaline resistance of concrete using alccofine and metakaolin in mineral admixtures of sustainable development

Addressing the need for sustainable construction materials that minimize environmental impact and reduce CO2 emissions, particularly in OPC compositions. Assessing alccofine and metakaolin in OPC compositions to determine their impact on concrete strength, durability, and microstructure in alkaline environments for sustainable material development. Experimental investigation involved incorporating alccofine and metakaolin into OPC concrete mixes, creating binary and ternary blended systems. Modified concrete specimens were subjected to various alkaline attacks using diluted solutions of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), and sodium chloride (NaCl) both individually (5%) and in combination (2.5%), resulting in significant improvements in concrete strength and durability. The modified concrete exhibits enhanced resistance to alkaline attacks, reduced weight and compression strength loss, and superior performance in Base Durability Factor (BDF) and Base Attack Factor (BAF) compared to conventional specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of the altered concrete’s microstructure shows that it has a densely packed microstructure, which increases its load-bearing capability. Mineral admixtures aid pore clogging, leading to denser, more alkali-resistant concrete due to finer particles. Notably, Alccofine and metakaolin offer effective solutions for sustainable construction materials, aiding in the decrease of CO2 releases during cement production and addressing critical gaps in sustainable material development.

Theoretical and practical investigation of ion-ion association in electrolyte solutions.

In this study, we present a new equation of state for electrolyte solutions, integrating the statistical associating fluid theory for variable range interactions utilizing the generic Mie form and binding Debye-Hückel theories. This equation of state underscores the pivotal role of ion-ion association in determining the properties of electrolyte solutions. We propose a unified framework that simultaneously examines the thermodynamic properties of electrolyte solutions and their electrical conductivity, given the profound impact of ion pairing on this transport property. Using this equation of state, we predict the liquid density, mean ionic activity coefficient, and osmotic coefficient for binary NaCl, Na2SO4, and MgSO4 aqueous solutions at 298.15K. Additionally, we evaluate the molar conductivity of these systems by considering the fraction of free ions derived from our equation of state in conjunction with two advanced electrical conductivity models. Our results reveal that, while ion-ion association has a minimal influence on the modification of the predicted properties of sodium chloride solutions, their impact on sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions is considerably more noticeable.

Effective Method of Improving the Performance Properties of Wall Products On the Basis of the Gypsum Binder

The basis of the conducted research was the goal of modifying composite gypsum-containing binders for the manufacture of wall products with increased water resistance, strength, frost resistance, and durability by developing a hydrophobizing solution for processing products based on gypsum binder. The article presents the results of research on the modification of artificial gypsum stone with a developed hydrophobizing chemical solution based on calcium polysulfide and titanium dioxide. Comparative indicators of water absorption of original and solution-impregnated samples, which were exposed to the frontal influence of water, are given. The water absorption of the modified samples is within 9...21% and does not change after the frontal impact of rain. Indicators of chemical resistance of impregnated samples in solutions of magnesium sulfate, urea, acetic and oxalic acids, which are characteristic components for aggressive environments of livestock complexes, food and chemical industry, are presented. The test results of the samples showed that the developed chemical solution provides a chemical resistance factor of 0.7, that is, they are chemically stable in such environments. It is shown that, depending on the number of applied layers of the solution or the time of impregnation, hydrophobization gives high indicators of the softening coefficient of the products, which is in the range of 0.6...0.82. The research results showed that thanks to the developed hydrophobizing solution, the construction and technical characteristics of the artificial gypsum stone are significantly increased. Wall products made of this material have high operational characteristics, and it is advisable to use them both indoors and outdoors.

Investigating the sulfate resistance of mortars with multiple mineral admixtures in ammonium–magnesium sulfate solution

Sulfate resistance is evaluated in mortars containing sulfate-resistant cementitious materials (SRCMs) developed by mixing ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume and desulfurisation gypsum. Compressive strength testing, X-ray diffraction analysis, differential thermal analysis and mercury intrusion porosimetry are carried out. Results show that the sulfate resistance of mortars mixed with SRCMs at a replacement percentage of 74 wt% is superior to that of mortars with 30 wt% fly ash when exposed to drying–wetting cycles in sodium sulfate solution, because adding SRCMs decreases the calcium hydroxide content, causing a reduction in gypsum formation. Moreover, reducing the water-to-binder ratio (W/B) from 0.50 to 0.35 increases the loss of compressive strength ratio (Lf) of mortars with SRCMs immersed in ammonium–magnesium sulfate complex solution. Specifically, the Lf values of mortars with W/B of 0.50 and 0.35 are 42.7% and 36.0% after 100 days of immersion, respectively. Furthermore, the main component of samples subjected to complex solution is identified as gypsum. In addition, both Lf and porosity exhibit a strong linear positive correlation with W/B. Finally, the findings confirm that optimising the composition of cementitious materials and lowering W/B could improve the sulfate resistance of concretes used for a sulfate-rich sewage environment.

Application of a functionalized thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane in water desalination

To prepare a thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration (NF) membrane, characterized with high desalination rate and antifouling performance, carboxylated multi-walled magnetic 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid carbon nanotubes (hereafter, the C-MWCNT-MBTCA) with a choice of hydrophilic groups were initially synthesized in this study, and then incorporated into the polyamide (PA) layer via interfacial polymerization (IP). After that, the surface morphology and hydrophilicity of the fabricated NF membrane was examined by the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and water contact angle measurements, respectively. To assess the membrane application, the solutions (2000 mg/L) of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were consistently tested. On account of the ample carboxylic acid (R-COOH) groups in the modified TFN membrane, the study outcomes revealed that the given membrane could enhance the flux along with the desalination rate upon the addition of the C-MWCNT-MBTCA (0.04 wt%). Likewise, the pure water flux significantly grew from 58.8 to 110.5 Lm-2h−1 after the utilization of the C-MWCNT-MBTCA (0.04 wt%), and the Na2SO4 removal rate promoted from 87 to 98 %. Ultimately, it was established that the C-MWCNT-MBTCA could be used as an economical modifying agent to boost the performance of NF membranes for water desalination purposes.

Experimental feasibility study of using eco- and user-friendly mechanochemically activated slag/fly ash geopolymer for soil stabilization

This study focuses on the development of eco and user-friendly mechanochemically-activated geopolymeric stabilizers, surpassing the limitations inherent in traditional geopolymerization methods. A comparative analysis was undertaken with conventionally activated geopolymer stabilizers to establish benchmarks for effectiveness in soil stabilization applications. Additionally, the research delves into the impact of granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) content on the mechanical and durability properties of stabilized soil samples. In addition, the investigation focuses on the influence of the activation method on soil effectiveness and strength post-exposure to sulfate attack. The durability performance is rigorously assessed through the immersion of specimens in a 1 % magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solution for 60 and 120 days. The comprehensive evaluation includes visual appearance, mass changes, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of geopolymer-stabilized soil specimens. The results showed that before the exposure to the MgSO4 solution, the UCS of mechanochemically activated geopolymer (MAG) samples was higher (12–45 %) than that of conventionally activated geopolymer (CAG)-stabilized soil. Furthermore, the strength of the geopolymer-stabilized soil improved by 114 %, 247 %, and 361 %, at 50, 75, and 100 % GGBS content, respectively. On the other hand, after exposure to the MgSO4 solution, the results showed that the mechanochemically activated geopolymer-stabilized soil has better resistance to sulfate erosion than the conventionally activated geopolymer-stabilized soil. The residual UCS for MAG and CAG samples were 93 % and 89 % when exposed to 1 % magnesium sulfate solution for 60 days, whereas they declined to 70 % and 58 %, respectively, after 120 days of immersion.

Effects of silica fume and zeolite on the durability of engineered cementitious composite containing limestone powder and blast furnace slag in a magnesium sulphate medium

ABSTRACT Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is a highly ductile high-performance fibre-reinforced cementitious composite whose design, mixing ratios and other important parameters can be optimised using the theory of micromechanics. This study investigated the effects of different quantities of silica fume and zeolite on the mechanical properties and durability of ECC specimens containing lime stone powder and blast furnace slag when treated in the 5% magnesium sulphate solution at 28, 150, 180 and 210 days of age. The results obtained showed that the compression strengths in lab environment were enhanced up to 25% at the age of 150 days by increasing the silica fume content of the ECC, whereas the modulus of rupture (MOR) and mid-span deflection (MSD) were decreased in all the specimens tested. Meanwhile, a 17% increment in blast furnace slag content was observed to enhance both MSD and MOR at all ages, e.g. it causes 23% increase in MSD and 9% increase in MOR at the age of 28 days. In addition, a 46% increase in lime stone powder content was found to increase compressive strength but to reduce MOR by 7% and 8% at the age of 28 days, respectively.

Bond Deterioration of GFRP Concrete Enhanced with Steel Fibers Subjected to External Sulfate Attack

Concrete structures are exposed to sulfate and chloride attacks when are used in different environments such as seawater, deicing salts or industrial waste. Sulfate corrosion is considered one of the most important factors that responses for deterioration of construction materials performance. When sulfate attacks concrete, sulfate ions interact with cement materials to form chemical compounds inside the concrete. These compounds result volume increase and create internal stresses causing cracks, spalling and reduction in concrete strength. In this paper, the effect of external sulfate attack on properties of concrete samples enhanced with and without steel fibers (SF) and on bond damage between glass fibers reinforced polymer GFRP bar and concrete were investigated. Samples were completely immersed in 10% magnesium sulfate solution for two different exposure periods (60 & 120 days) to compare with control samples. Compressive and tensile strengths, density and pulse velocity were experimentally investigated. Push-out test was also carried out to study the damage in bond between concrete and GFRP rod. The results of concrete samples immersed in magnesium sulfate solution for 60 days showed an increase in compressive strength, tensile strength and density, while the results decreased for samples immersed for 120 days.

Contradict mechanism of long-term magnesium and sodium sulfate attacks of nano silica-modified cement mortars – Experimental and thermodynamic modeling

The mechanisms of external sulfate attack on cement mortars containing nano silica have been studied under full immersion conditions after 3 years. The sulfate degradation processes were compared between sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate solutions with nano-silica replacements of 0, 1, and 8 wt% in CEM I Portland cement. Expansion, mass/strength loss, and microstructural alterations (spatial distribution of secondary phases and chemical compositions on C–S–H) of the degraded mortar were experimentally studied. The solution information was estimated from thermodynamic modeling, which was further used to predict the phase assemblage and the formation and expansion pressure of ettringite. The results showed that the degradation mechanisms were completely contradicted between the exposure solutions: the addition of nano silica increased the sulfate resistance in sodium sulfate solutions, the predicted low crystallization pressure resulted in low expansion, whereas the reduced sulfate resistance in magnesium sulfate solutions occurred where decalcification played a major role.

Electrochemical separation of sulfuric acid from magnesium sulfate solutions: Application for nickel laterite processing

Nickel has wide range of applications, and its production is expanding to meet the growing demand especially for energy storage applications. Hydrometallurgical nickel extraction from laterite ores requires a significant amount of sulfuric acid, primarily due to acid-consuming minerals such as magnesium silicates. The reaction of acid and magnesium silicates results in magnesium sulfate waste solution which is an environmental liability. Electrochemical separation can be used to produce acid from these waste solutions which can be reused on-site to increase nickel recovery from the resource. In addition, the generated magnesium hydroxide can be used for carbon capture or as a precipitant in the nickel process. In this work, a single membrane electrolyser was used to convert magnesium sulfate solutions into sulfuric acid and a magnesium hydroxide precipitate. The performance of the electrolyser was evaluated in terms of faradaic efficiency, acid production energy intensity, current density and sulfate recovery extent. This evaluation involved varying the electrolyser potential as well as the initial concentrations of catholyte and anolyte. The results indicated that when starting with a MgSO4 concentration of 1 M or lower and applying a 4 V electrolyser potential, 90 % faradaic efficiency can be maintained up to an anolyte concentration of 0.16 M H2SO4. Higher voltages, concentrations and conductivities across the anolyte and catholyte has a detrimental impact on the faradaic efficiency due to water splitting. High electrolyser potential enhances sulfate transport but also results in excessive Mg(OH)2 precipitation, which scales the cathode; an operational challenge that will need to be managed. Sulfate recovery ranged between 43 and 49 % after 4 h when testing initial anolyte concentrations of 0.1 and 0 M, with an average energy intensity of 2.94 and 4.44 kWh/kg-H2SO4, respectively.

Water dynamics in eutectic solutions of sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate: implications for life in Europa's subsurface ocean and ice shell.

Liquid water is essential for life as we know it and the coupling between water and biomolecular dynamics is crucial for life processes. Jupiter's moon Europa is a good candidate for searching for extraterrestrial life in our outer solar system, mainly because a liquid water salty ocean in contact with a rocky seafloor underlies its ice shell. Little, however, is known about the chemical composition of the subglacial ocean of Europa or the brine pockets within its ice shell and their impacts on water dynamics. Here, we employ 1H, 17O, 23Na and 35Cl NMR spectroscopy, especially NMR spin relaxation and diffusion methods, and investigate the mobility of water molecules and ions in eutectic solutions of magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride, two salts ubiquitously present on the surface of Europa, over a range of temperatures and pressures pertinent to Europa's subglacial ocean. The NMR data demonstrate the more pronounced effect of magnesium sulfate compared with sodium chloride on the mobility of water molecules. Even at its much lower eutectic temperature, the sodium chloride solution retains a relatively large level of water mobility. Our results highlight the higher potential of a sodium chloride-rich than magnesium sulfate-rich Europa's ocean to accommodate life and support life origination within the eutectic melts of Europa's ice shell.

Modified high strength lightweight-aggregate concrete based on expanded clay: composition, structure, properties

The study is devoted to the development of increased strength lightweight concrete based on Portland cement modified with a complex organo-siliceous additive containing a polycarboxylate superplasticizer and an active fine-ground siliceous component. The effect of this complex additive on the physical and chemical characteristics of the hydration and structure formation processes was investigated and it was shown that the high kinetics of the strength gain is provided by directional formation of low-basic calcium hydrosilicates, hydrogranates and plazolite, which are crystallo chemically similar to each other, and provide a dense and strength cement stone matrix.
 Modification by a complex additive makes possible to obtain concrete mixes with S4 consistency while a portland cement consumption per 1m3 of not more than 330 kg, with a compressive strength of 55 MPa, watertightness up to W8, frost resistance up to F400, corrosion resistance coefficients Kc in the magnesium sulfate, sodium and ammonium solutions by 10 to 24%. The introduction of a complex additive also helps to reduce the relative shrinkage by 16 ... 19% compared to the control composition, which has a positive effect on the durability of the resulting concrete.

Various Cu+, Mg2+ and S2- ionic concentration effects on a novel Cu2ZnMgS4 quaternary compound synthesis for various scientific applications

Copper zinc magnesium sulfide semiconducting material (Cu2ZnMgS4) compound is slightly new in electronics, opto-electronics and photo emissive field research. So that, we examined the Cu2ZnMgS4 compound formation characteristics step by step using the Copper sulfate (CuSO4.XH2O), Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.XH2O), Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.XH2O) and Sodium sulfide Na2S salt solutions. Characterizations such as pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), TDS were carried out for several concentrations. Further its optics properties of Cu2ZnMgS4 compound in liquid form were investigated through photo-colorimeter measurements (at various color λ including mixed band wavelengths), photo-fluorometer (using various primary and secondary filters) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer (at wavelength range of 300 to 900 nm) measurements. The investigated long term results are presented and discussed in this research article.