Magnesium Intake Research Articles

Higher Magnesium Intake Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Frailty in Older Adults

ObjectivesMagnesium deficiency is common in older adults and has been associated with reduced muscle functionality and several age-related diseases. Evidence of its relationship with frailty is scarce. We aimed to explore the association of magnesium intake with incident frailty in the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort. DesignProspective longitudinal cohort study. Setting and ParticipantsThe ENRICA study is a population-based study (N = 13,105) that includes a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized Spanish population aged 18 years and older. For the present analyses, we used data from the community-dwelling participants aged 60 years and older at baseline (n = 2519). After exclusions, we included data from 1900 participants of the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort (mean age 68.7 ± 6.4 years; 51.7% women). MethodsFood consumption was assessed at baseline with a validated, computer-based, face-to-face dietary history (DH-ENRICA), from which magnesium intake was estimated. Frailty was defined as having 3 or more of Fried criteria: exhaustion, low physical activity, slow gait speed, weakness, and weight loss. Analyses were performed with logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, 136 new cases (7.2%) of frailty occurred. Compared with the lowest sex-specific quartile of magnesium intake, the fully adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for incident frailty across increasing quartiles of intake was 0.62 (0.36, 1.07), 0.53 (0.28, 0.98), and 0.43 (0.21, 0.86), respectively (P-trend = .016). Corresponding results for slow gait speed were 0.68 (0.47, 1.01), 0.58 (0.37, 0.89), and 0.52 (0.32-0.84), respectively (P-trend = .008). Other Fried criteria showed a similar tendency to reduced frailty incidence with increasing magnesium intake, without achieving statistical significance in the fully adjusted model. Conclusions and ImplicationsHigher magnesium intake was inversely and independently associated with lower frailty risk, especially of slow gait speed, in community-dwelling older adults, suggesting that adequate intake of this vital ion could help prevent unhealthy aging.

Research Progress on Essential Trace Elements Associated with Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common skeletal disease affecting millions of people worldwide. The relationship between trace elements and OP has garnered widespread attention in recent years. This study conducts a literature review to comprehensively analyze the mechanisms of iron, copper, and magnesium in OP. The research encompasses multiple fields, including in vitro experiments, in vivo experiments, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and materials science, to reveal the impact of trace elements on the occurrence and development of osteoporosis.Iron accumulation promotes the development of OP by causing a reduction in osteoblast activity. Ferroptosis induces a decline in the function of osteoblasts, leading to reduced bone formation functionality; copper intake is positively correlated with bone density to a certain extent, and copper ions aid in the repair and regeneration of bone tissue. Copper-induced cell death may participate in the pathogenesis of OP by affecting the mitochondrial function and the immune response; magnesium ions promote bone formation, and the intake of magnesium is related to bone quality. Magnesium-containing materials show potential in the treatment of osteoporosis. Trace elements such as iron, copper, and magnesium are closely related to the occurrence and development of OP. Future research needs to further explore the specific mechanisms of these elements to develop new treatment strategies for OP.

Effect of Magnesium Intake on Hypertension in Chinese Elderly Population

Existing studies have found that the prevalence of hypertension in people aged 70 and above is as high as 70%. At present, the prevalence of hypertension among the elderly in China is rising sharply, and these are closely related to magnesium deficiency. This is a review article to demonstrate the association between magnesium deficiency and hypertension by reviewing the literature in recent years. According to the Dietary Recommendations for the Elderly in China, the recommended daily consumption of magnesium for adults would be 330 milligrams (mg), while 74.8% of the population did not meet the recommended intake. Due to the traditional dietary patterns of older Chinese people, who do not have a high uptake of foods such as nuts and seeds, which increases the risk of magnesium deficiency. At the same time, incomplete absorption of magnesium can lead to magnesium deficiency as the absorption rate of gastrointestinal function decreases with age. Studies have found that changing dietary patterns and consuming magnesium supplements are effective in increasing magnesium intake and thus reducing the prevalence of hypertension.

Do shift-working nurses’ work-life quality relate to their physical health and diet quality?

Abstract Background Shift work negatively affects work-related quality of life and this situation causes significant labour force losses and decreased productivity in the society, especially health problems in nurses. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between work-related quality of life, physical health level and nutritional behaviours of nurses working in shifts. Methods This descriptive and relationship-seeking study was conducted with 312 nurses selected by quota sampling in Istanbul. Data were collected between December 2022 to July 2023 using the The Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL), Physical Health Questionnaire and Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation tests were conducted on IBM SPSS 25.0. BeBIS 7.1 software were used for calculation diet index. Results Compassion Satisfaction (CS), Burnout (B) and Compassion Fatigue (CF) scores of nurses was examined, a relationship was found between CS score and B score (r=-0.39 p < 0.05) and between B score and CF score (r = 0.58 p < 0.05). CS score correlated with Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r=-0.15 p < 0.05) and diet index score (r = 0.15 p < 0.05). B score correlated with Gastrointestinal Risk Level score (r = 0.27 p < 0.05) and Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r = 0.38 p < 0.05). There was a correlation between the score of CF and Gastrointestinal Risk Level score (r = 0.25 p < 0.05) and Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r = 0.31 p < 0.05). Daily energy, fibre, vitamin B1 and C, folate, calcium and magnesium intakes of nurses were lower than the recommended. Conclusions Research results support that the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems have a direct relationship with stress and emotional states. In the policies to be developed within the scope of occupational health nursing practices, it is recommended to carry out studies to improve the physical health and nutritional behaviours of nurses in order to improve their work-related quality of life. Key messages • Nurses are a risky occupational group in terms of burnout. Protection studies should be prioritised to prevent burnout. • Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular system complaints of nurses should be paid special attention during recruitment and periodic examinations.

Associations of the Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and the risk of Breast Cancer (BrCa): a case–control study

BackgroundBreast cancer (BrCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. There are several factors for getting BrCa, including some changeable factors related to lifestyle like unhealthy dietary patterns, so modifying them can prevent one third of the complications and deaths caused by BrCa. Therefore, we decided to investigate the relationship between Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and the risk of BrCa.MethodsIn this hospital-based case–control study, 253 patients with BrCa and 267 non-BrCa controls were enrolled. Food consumption was recorded to calculate the HBI score using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Additionally, by using binary logistic regression analysis with adjustment for confounders, the relationship between HBI and the risk of BrCa were assessed. HBI was established by Duffey et al. and is used to evaluate the overall quality of beverage intake and identify changes in consumption.ResultsMean ± SD of age and BMI of the study participants were 47.92 ± 10.33 years and 29.43 ± 5.51 kg/m2, respectively. Patients with BrCa considerably outperformed controls in terms of waist circumference (WC), age at first pregnancy, history of abortion, and number of children(Pvalue < 0.05). Compared with those in the lowest quartile of HBI, subjects in the highest quartile had higher intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin C, E, B9, fruits, vegetables, fish and nut as well as lower BMI and WC (Pvalue < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals in highest compared to lowest quartile of HBI had significantly lower risk of BrCa for total population (odds ratio (OR): 0.40; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.21–0.76, Pvalue < 0.05), premenopausal (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.16–0.92, Pvalue = 0.013), and postmenopausal (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.10–0.78, Pvalue = 0.023).ConclusionFindings of this study suggested that higher HBI score decreased the risk of BrCa. However, further investigation is needed.

Low dietary magnesium and fiber intakes among women with metabolic syndrome in Kuwait.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing health concern among Kuwaiti women. Dietary magnesium and fiber have been implicated in reducing the risk of MetS; however, their specific effects on this population remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association of dietary magnesium and fiber intake with the prevalence of MetS and its components among women in Kuwait. This study included 170 women aged 18-65 (years) recruited from AL-Adan Hospital, Mubarak Hospital, and Riqqa Polyclinic. Data were collected using a modified Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFQ) to assess dietary intake, and biochemical measurements were performed to evaluate serum magnesium and other metabolic markers. MetS was diagnosed according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U-tests, chi-square tests, Spearman correlations, logistic and linear regression models, and Cohen's kappa statistics. The prevalence of MetS was 24 and 18% based on the IDF and ATP III criteria, respectively. Women with MetS had significantly lower dietary magnesium and fiber intakes than those in women without MetS (p < 0.001). A strong positive correlation was found among dietary magnesium intake, fiber intake, and serum magnesium levels (r = 0.957, p < 0.001 for magnesium; r = 0.917, p < 0.001 for fiber). Increased dietary magnesium and fiber intakes were linked to reduced odds of developing MetS and its components, except for blood pressure measurements. Cohen's kappa demonstrated a strong agreement (K = 0.70, p < 0.001) between dietary and serum magnesium inadequacy. Increased dietary intakes of magnesium and fiber are associated with reduced odds of developing MetS among Kuwaiti women. These findings support the promotion of magnesium- and fiber-rich diets as preventive strategies against MetS.

Associations between nine dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Varied intake of dietary minerals critically affects cardiovascular health. This study examines the associations of nine dietary minerals intake with all-cause mortality in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). This study analyzed 4,125 individuals with ASCVD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, employing Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, weighted Cox models, and restricted cubic splines to assess linear and nonlinear relationships between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality. Associations across different body mass index (BMI) categories were also evaluated separately. Over 6.25 years of median follow-up, 1,582 deaths were documented. Adjusted for potential covariates, results show a negative linear correlation between dietary magnesium intake and all-cause mortality (p for trend <0.001). Compared to the lowest quartile, all-cause mortality risk in the highest quartile was found to be 0.63 (95% CI 0.49-0.81). The associations between intake of the other eight dietary minerals and all-cause mortality were not robust. BMI significantly influenced the links between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality (p for interaction <0.05). Across BMI categories, significant negative associations were found between intake of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and copper and all-cause mortality in underweight or normal weight groups. In overweight individuals, intake of calcium, iron, magnesium, and potassium was negatively linked to all-cause mortality. For obese groups, sodium intake negatively affected all-cause mortality (p for trend <0.001). Unlike other dietary minerals, increased magnesium intake significantly reduced all-cause mortality risk in ASCVD. BMI influenced the associations between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality.

Association of magnesium deficiency, tobacco smoke exposure and hypertension in children and adolescents: evidence from the NHANES 2007–2018

BackgroundRecent studies suggested that the combination of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and dietary nutrients intake may be related to a higher or lower risk of hypertension. However, the relationship between dietary magnesium (Mg) intake, TSE and the odds of hypertension remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of TSE, dietary Mg intake and the odds of hypertension among children and adolescents.MethodData of this study were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2007–2018. Dietary Mg intake was calculated as the average of two days of dietary and supplementations intake. Serum cotinine concertation ≥ 0.05 µg/L or at least one-person smoking in the household was considered as exposing to the tobacco smoke. The weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to explore the associations of dietary Mg intake, TSE and the odds of hypertension among children and adolescents with the evaluation index of odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses based on different age, gender and overweight were further assessed these associations.ResultsA total of 7,122 children and adolescents aged 8–17 years old and with the blood pressure measurement were included. Of which, 948 (13.31%) had hypertension. After adjusting all covariates, we observed children and adolescents exposed to tobacco smoke was related to higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.01–1.78); children and adolescents not reached the dietary Mg references intakes was related to higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.48, (95%CI: 1.11–1.97); compared to children and adolescents non-TSE and reached the DRIs of Mg, those not reached the DRIs of Mg and exposed to tobacco smoke have the highest odds of hypertension (OR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.30–2.89, P for trend = 0.002). These associations of dietary Mg intake, TSE and hypertension remain robust after the stratified analysis based on age, gender and overweight was conducted.ConclusionOur findings suggested there were a robust association between dietary Mg intake, TSE and hypertension in children and adolescents. Those children and adolescents with deficiency dietary Mg intake and exposed to tobacco smoke may have the high odds of hypertension. More restrictions on smoking as well as Mg supplementation in the prevention and treatment of hypertension among children and adolescents might be justified.

Association Between Dietary Magnesium Intake with Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Adropin Levels and Metabolic Health Status in Iranian Adults.

Given the sparse conclusive findings regarding the association of magnesium intake with metabolic health status and limited evidence relating magnesium intake to metabolic biomarkers, our objective was to evaluate the association of metabolic health status, adropin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in relation to dietary magnesium intake. In this cross-sectional study, 527 male and female adults were investigated in Isfahan City. The data regarding usual dietary intakes were gathered using a valid and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical variables, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure were assessed following standard methods. The criteria suggested by Wildman et al. were used to classify participants as metabolically unhealthy (MU) and metabolically healthy (MH). Moderate magnesium intake was associated with 71% reduced odds of MU (OR T2 vs. T1 = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12-0.70). In the stratified analysis, the inverse association between moderate intake of magnesium and MU was seen only in overweight/obese subjects but not in normal-weight ones. A significant difference was found in serum levels of adropin between the first and second tertile of dietary magnesium intake among overweight/obese subjects (62.74 ± 4.99 vs. 50.13 ± 2.54, P = 0.03). After adjustment for potential covariates, this association became attenuated (59.06 ± 3.47 vs. 50.02 ± 3.64, P = 0.20). No statistically significant link was obtained between dietary intake of magnesium and circulating BDNF levels. Moderate dietary intake of magnesium may exert beneficial effects on metabolic health and serum levels of adropin, especially in obese/overweight individuals. Further prospective studies will be required to approve our findings.

Associations of Dietary Magnesium Intake with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Individuals with Gout and Hyperuricemia.

We aimed to evaluate the relationship of dietary magnesium intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with gout and hyperuricemia (HUA). We analyzed data of 1171 gout patients and 6707 HUA patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 and 2001-2018, respectively. Dietary intake data were obtained from 24-h dietary recall interviews. Mortality status was determined using the NHANES public-use linked mortality fill. We used Cox regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis to probe the association of dietary magnesium intake and mortality among gout and HUA patients. During 7081 person-years of follow-up, 257 deaths were documented in gout patients, among which 74 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 48 died from cancer. For HUA patients followed up for 58,216 person-years, 1315 all-cause deaths occurred, including 411 CVD deaths and 224 cancer deaths. After multifactorial adjustments, higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality. Nonlinear negative associations were found between dietary magnesium intake and CVD mortality among gout and HUA patients, with inflection points of 152.5mg/day and 303mg/day, respectively, and cancer mortality among HUA patients, with the inflection point of 232mg/day. The results were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. High dietary magnesium intake is linearly related to all-cause mortality, and nonlinearly associated with cause-specific mortality among gout and HUA patients.

Social isolation, loneliness and low dietary micronutrient intake amongst older people in England.

Social isolation and loneliness are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes at older ages. This study evaluated whether isolation and loneliness are related to inadequate intake of micronutrients in the diet. We tested associations between social isolation and loneliness and dietary micronutrient intake 2 years later in 3713 men and women (mean age 68.26, standard deviation 7.81years) who completed two online 24-h dietary recalls. Associations of isolation and loneliness with intake of nine minerals and vitamins that fell below national recommendations were tested using logistic regressions, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking and physical activity and total energy intake. The prevalence of low dietary intake varied markedly across micronutrients. Social isolation (1-point increase in a score ranging 0-5) was associated with increased odds (adjusted for covariates) of low intake of magnesium [odds ratio (OR) 1.153, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.037-1.282, P = .009], potassium (OR 1.201, 95% CI 1.087-1.327, P < .001), vitamin B6 (OR 1.263, 95% CI 1.110-1.438, P < .001), folate (OR 1.211, 95% CI 1.093-1.341, P < .001) and vitamin C (OR 1.238, 95% CI 1.098-1.394, P < .001). These associations remained unchanged when food insecurity and impaired activities of daily living were taken into account. By contrast, loneliness was not related to the inadequate intake of any micronutrient. Low intake of micronutrients increases risk of age-related health problems. Attention to the dietary quality of older people with limited social contacts and little involvement in community activities might enhance health outcomes.

PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE OF MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM, VITAMINS C AND B6 IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS OF KHANTY-MANSIYSK

Increased level of psycho-emotional stress in its most pronounced form is most often observed in healthcare workers. Moreover, half the time their disability is associated with stress. Magnesium, potassium, vitamins B6 and C play a great role in regulating everyone’s psycho-emotional state. In the north of the Russian Federation, healthcare workers are subject to double pressure from negative climatic and geographical conditions. Objective. The purpose of the study is to assess the dietary intake of magnesium, potassium, vitamins B6 and C in healthcare workers in Khanty-Mansiysk. Materials and Methods. Using the automated dietary control and intervention system, we studied 3-day dietary intake of magnesium, potassium, vitamins B6 and C in 123 doctors and nurses of the Khanty-Mansiysk District Clinical Hospital (32 (26.0 %) men and 91 (74.0 %) women; 59 (48.0 %) doctors, 64 (52.0 %) nurses). The average age was 37.8±1.5 years. The results were compared with the physiological need (PhN) according to the guideline МР 2.3.1.0253-2. Results. It is observed that healthcare workers of the northern region have a deficiency of micronutrients that regulate the activity of human psycho-emotional sphere: magnesium – 84.8 % of PhN, potassium – 79.6 % of PhN, vitamin B6 – 78.7 % of PhN, vitamin C – 60.8 % of PhN. Vitamin deficiency may contribute to the development of cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal and other diseases. Conclusion. Additional intake of magnesium, potassium, vitamins B6 and C, e.g. vitamin-mineral complexes, and vitamin enrichment of food are an effective and safe measures to prevent insufficient supply of the human body with these micronutrients, associated metabolic disorders and disease development.

Assessment of energy and nutrient intake adequacy and dietary diversity of pregnant women in Abidjan

Background: Dietary diversity is a potential indicator of adequate nutrient intake. Aims: The study assessed dietary diversity and adequacy of nutrient intake among pregnant women in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 389 healthy pregnant adult women aged 20 to 43. Participants completed a three-day, 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire and dietary data were converted into nutrient amounts using Nutrisurvey software. Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was based on nine food groups aggregated from a 15-item questionnaire. Nutrient intake was assessed using the Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) with the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) serving as an overall indicator of diet quality. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The mean DDS among pregnant women was low at 4.30 ± 1.04, with diet primarily consisting of cereals, white tubers, roots, vegetables and fish. The average energy intake of pregnant women was 2429 kcal/day for over 60 % of participants. While the majority met the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vitamin B12. However, intakes of calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, folates and vitamin C were below the RDAs for most pregnant women. The average MAR for pregnant women was 70.86% and exhibited a positive correlation with DDS (r = 0.37; p &lt; 0.001). NAR for energy and other nutrients was positively correlated with DDS, except for vitamins B12 and C. Conclusions: Pregnant women with adequate nutrient intakes consumed a diverse range of foods. Dietary diversity can therefore provide be a reliable indicator of nutrient adequacy in the diets of pregnant women in Abidjan’s hospital. Keywords: Dietary diversity, nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy ratio, pregnant women, Côte d'Ivoire.

Association between empirically derived nutrient patterns and breast cancer: a case–control study in a Middle Eastern country

PurposeThe risk of breast cancer (BC) and related mortality have increased in Middle-East countries during recent decades. The relationship between several nutrient intakes and the risk of BC has been investigated in several studies. However, few studies have estimated the effects of patterns of different nutrient intake on the risk of BC in this region.MethodsA total of 453 patients who were recently diagnosed with breast cancer and 516 healthy women participated in the current case–control study. To evaluate the dietary intakes, we used a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) during the last year. Nutrient Patterns (NPs) were extracted through factor analysis (FA) of energy-adjusted twenty-six nutrients. The relationship between nutrient patterns and the risk of breast cancer in pre and post-menopausal women was estimated by multivariable regression.ResultsFour major nutrient patterns were identified in the current study. The first nutrient pattern was rich in animal protein, retinol, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, cobalamin, and calcium. Higher saturated fatty acids (SFAs), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs), and lower intakes of niacin were observed in nutrient pattern 2. The third nutrient pattern was rich in fiber, potassium, and vitamin C. Nutrient pattern 4, was associated with higher intakes of vegetable protein, alpha-tocopherol, and magnesium. A significant inverse relationship was observed between adherence to nutrient pattern 3 and the risk of BC in all participants [odds ratio (OR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 0.97, P = 0.03) and pre-menopausal women (OR = 0.59 (0.39–0.89), P = 0.01).ConclusionDecreasing odds of breast cancer were observed by adherence to a nutrient pattern high in dietary fiber, vitamin C, and potassium. Future prospective investigations are recommended to confirm these findings.

Impact of Nutrition and Exercise on Kidney Health: How to Prevent Kidney Stones?

IntroductionKidney stone disease, characterized by the formation of calculi in the kidneys, is becoming an increasingly common urinary tract disorder in developed countries. Although kidney stone disease may be caused by metabolic disorders, anatomical, functional, and genetic factors, diet plays a crucial role in its formation. Changing dietary habits has become a primary tool in the treatment and prevention of kidney stone disease. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to present research on the impact of diet and its individual components on the risk of kidney stone formation. Special attention is given to the role of vitamins, minerals, and dietary habits in the pathogenesis and prevention of this condition. Materials and MethodsThe study involves a review of the scientific literature, considering research published in reputable medical and scientific journals regarding the impact of diet on the risk of kidney stones, focusing on key dietary components such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, vitamins C and D, as well as the role of physical activity and proper hydration. ConclusionsA balanced diet, proper hydration and maintaining a healthy body weight are fundamental elements in preventing of kidney stone disease. Adequate hydration is crucial; high fluid intake, especially water, dilutes urine and reduces the concentration of lithogenic substances.Calcium and magnesium intake are particularly important as they influence the absorption and excretion of oxalates, and excessive supplementation with vitamins C and D should be avoided. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and the limitation of animal protein and salt, can significantly reduce the risk of kidney stone formation. Ultimately, dietary changes and lifestyle modifications, including weight control and physical activity, play a crucial role in preventing kidney stone disease. However, further research is needed to develop effective dietary guidelines tailored to the individual needs of patients.

Recent updates on the influence of iron and magnesium on vascular, renal, and adipose inflammation and possible consequences for hypertension.

The inflammatory status of the kidneys, vasculature, and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has a significant influence on blood pressure and hypertension. Numerous micronutrients play an influential role in hypertension-driving inflammatory processes, and recent reports have provided bases for potential targeted modulation of these micronutrients to reduce hypertension. Iron overload in adipose tissue macrophages and adipocytes engenders an inflammatory environment and may contribute to impaired anticontractile signalling, and thus a treatment such as chelation therapy may hold a key to reducing blood pressure. Similarly, magnesium intake has proven to greatly influence inflammatory signalling and concurrent hypertension in both healthy animals and in a model for chronic kidney disease, demonstrating its potential clinical utility. These findings highlight the importance of further research to determine the efficacy of micronutrient-targeted treatments for the amelioration of hypertension and their potential translation into clinical application.

Is there an Association between Dietary Micronutrients Intake and Bone Fractures among Malaysian Reproductive-Age Women? The PURE Malaysia Study.

Background: Bone fractures represent a significant health issue and impose a considerable burden on healthcare systems globally. However, data pertaining to bone fractures, especially among reproductive-age women in Malaysia, are very limited. Micronutrients like calcium, magnesium and phosphorus play vital roles in bone health, influencing bone mineral density and fracture risk. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bone fractures among reproductive-age women and the association with dietary micronutrient intakes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1,730 participants of reproductive-age women from the Malaysia Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study were recruited. The participants' dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Selected micronutrients in the participants' diets were calculated using the Malaysian food composition and the US Department of Agriculture food composition databases. The association between micronutrient intakes, comorbidities and physical activity levels with bone fractures were evaluated to identify predictors of bone fractures among reproductive-age women. Results: The prevalence of bone fractures among Malaysian reproductive-age women was low (3.7%). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that none of the micronutrients was associated with bone fractures. However, factors of diabetes and passive smoking in this study showed 2.6- and 4.0-times-higher odds of having bone fractures, respectively (AOR 2.580; 95% CI: 1.173-5.672) and (AOR 4.012; 95% CI: 2.265-7.107). Conclusions: It was found that the majority of women in this study were taking lower micronutrient intakes of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K than the Malaysia recommended nutrient intakes (RNI). Although this study showed that a low micronutrient intake is not significantly associated with bone fractures, it is recommended that future studies focus on controlled trials or prospective data analyses to establish causal relationships and the optimal micronutrient requirements for maintaining strong and healthy bones in women of reproductive age.

Associations of minerals intake with colorectal cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal, ovarian cancer screening trial.

Exploring the association between common mineral intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We utilized the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model to assess the association between intake of minerals and the risk of CRC, estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 101,686 eligible participants were included in the analysis of this study, including 1,100 CRC cases. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that total zinc intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.79, 95%CI 0.67-0.93; P for trend <0.05), iron intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.81, 95%CI 0.68-0.96; P for trend <0.05), copper intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.80, 95%CI 0.68-0.95; P for trend <0.05), selenium intake (HRQ4vs.Q1: 0.83, 95%CI 0.69-0.98; P for trend <0.05) were significantly negatively associated with the incidence of CRC, but magnesium intake in the appropriate range is associated with a reduced risk of CRC (HRQ3vs.Q1: 0.77, 95%CI 0.65-0.91; P for trend >0.05). Our findings suggested that an appropriate intake of total zinc, iron, copper, selenium and magnesium were associated with lower CRC risk.

Eating Egg-Rich Diets and Modeling the Addition of One Daily Egg Reduced Risk of Nutrient Inadequacy among United States Adolescents with and without Food Insecurity

BackgroundAdolescents have the poorest dietary intake throughout their lifespan. Food insecurity worsens these nutritional risks. Eggs are a nutrient-dense strategy to increase nutrient quality. Objectives1) compare usual nutrient intakes, Dietary Reference Intake and protein compliance with recommendations and scores of micronutrient quality; and 2) analyze how adding 1 egg affects adolescents’ nutrient profiles, by food security status and egg-rich diets. MethodsDietary data of United States adolescents in the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed (14–17 y; n = 3633). Egg-rich diet levels were categorized as 1) no eggs, 2) eggs as ingredients in dishes, or 3) primarily egg dishes. Food security status was classified using the United States Household Food Security Survey Module. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual nutrient intake and nutrient exposure scores [i.e., Food Nutrient Index (FNI) and Total Nutrient Index (TNI)]. Nutrient amounts from 1 medium egg were modeled on existing intakes. Pairwise t-tests determined significant differences. ResultsOver 60% of adolescents risked inadequate intake of calcium, choline, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin E regardless of food security status. Food-secure adolescents consuming primarily egg dishes had higher mean usual intakes of lutein + zeaxanthin (1544.1 μg), choline (408.4 mg), vitamin B2 (2.3 mg), selenium (128.6 μg), vitamin D (6 μg), docosahexaenoic acid (70 mg), and protein (89.1 g) than other groups (P < 0.0002). Those who were food secure and consuming eggs as ingredients in dishes demonstrated higher nutrient adequacy for magnesium (scored ∼66 out of 100), potassium (scored 81), and total scores (scored 72 and 69, respectively) for the TNI and FNI; and folate only (scored 92) for the TNI, than those who were food insecure and not consuming eggs (P < 0.0002). Adding 1 egg increased choline and vitamin D usual intakes for some groups and nutrient index scores for all groups (P < 0.0005). ConclusionsAdolescents are at substantial nutritional risk that was exacerbated by food insecurity and less egg consumption.

Daily and Weekly Urine Variations in Bacterial Growth Susceptibility in Postmenopausal Women With no History of Urinary Tract Infection: A Pilot Study

ObjectivesTo evaluate bacterial growth in the bladder as a major virulence factor during urinary tract infections (UTIs), we assessed the variability of uropathogenic bacterial growth in urine samples over multiple timepoints from three postmenopausal women with no history of UTI. MethodsFollowing IRB approval, postmenopausal women who never had a UTI provided mid-stream urine samples three times daily (8 a.m., 12 p.m. and 4 p.m.), twice a week over two weeks, as well as dietary intake logs. Each sample was studied for pH and bacterial growth using three uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains (LRPF007, KE40, UTI89), one uropathogenic Enterococcus faecalis strain (HRH40), and one non-pathogenic E. coli strain (W3110). ResultsSimilar mean growth yields were observed for the uropathogenic strains (mean ∆OD600 = 0.1 – 0.13) with high variability (standard deviation (SD) = 0.13 – 0.28) and lower mean growth for the non-pathogenic strain (mean ∆OD600 = 0.05). Urine from each individual at different collection times never had the same bacterial growth potential for any bacterial strain. There were significant associations between urine pH decrease with higher fat (p=0.017), vitamin D (p=0.02), magnesium (p=0.049), fluid (p=0.013), and ash (p=0.01) intake. ConclusionsMajor variations were observed in the bacterial growth response in the urine of the same individuals. These variations imply a requirement for a normalization procedure, e.g., growth in synthetic urine, for analysis of bacterial growth in urine. There were significant associations between decreased urine pH and several nutrients found in foods that are classified as highly acidic.