Magnesium In Groundwater Research Articles

PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI LIMBAH SABUT PINANG ASAL PULAU TIMOR SEBAGAI BIOSORBEN LOGAM Ca DAN Mg DALAM AIR TANAH

The production of activated carbon from areca nut waste as a biosorbent for Ca and Mg in groundwater has been done. This research aimed to determine the ash content, water content, and iodine number of activated carbons from areca nut waste and determine the optimum contact time and adsorption capacity for the adsorption of Ca and Mg in groundwater. Activated carbon making is done by carbonation and activation. The activator used was H2SO4 1,5 M with a soaking time of 24 hours. The adsorption process is carried out in batches with variations in contact time. The results showed that the activated carbon from areca nuts waste had an ash content of 14,97%, water content of 7,17%, iodine number of 1,079.19 mg/g, and the FTIR characterization results showed that activated carbon has the functional groups OH, CH, CO, C≡C, C=C and C=O. The optimum time condition for the adsorption of areca fiber-activated carbon to calcium and magnesium in groundwater is at a contact time of 90 minutes with an adsorption capacity of 2.1196 mg/g for Ca and 0.7540 mg/g for Mg .

Relationship between radon concentration and physicochemical parameters in groundwater of Erbil city, Iraq

ABSTRACT This study portrays the relationship between Radon activity concentration and physicochemical parameters in groundwater in Erbil city, Iraq. Primary data of groundwater samples were collected from five different zones in Erbil, during February 2019. Water samples were collected for both Radon measurement and physicochemical analysis. Water samples were taken from 24 different wells as a reference, then directly measured their radioactivity at the laboratory of Erbil Environment Office. Dissolved Radon in a sampled groundwater has been measured using an electronic Radon detector RAD 7. Determination of various parameters such as , total dissolved solids, total hardness, Sulfate, and Magnesium in groundwater has also been measured. Moreover, regression analysis illustrated that there is no significant relationship observed between , , and hardness, Sulfate, and Magnesium with Radon activity concentration because these are no significant at the 95% confidence level. Otherwise, the correlation of determinate () values show the relationship between Sulfate and Magnesium with Radon concentration because these are significant at the 95% confidence level. All measurements were done in almost identical environmental conditions to avoid the minor differences in meteorological parameters.

Spatial and source disparities of groundwater quality in Dawakin-Tofa local government area of Kano State, Nigeria

The research assessed the spatial and source variations in groundwater quality in different locations and wells respectively across Dawakin-Tofa Local Government Area. The study area was divided into 10 by imposing a grid on its map and thereafter 10 hand dug wells and boreholes were selected, one from each location. Physical and chemical parameters like temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and heavy metals were tested in the laboratory and figures statistically compared with Nigeria’s national standard using ANOVA. The most notable difference in quality parameters between open wells and boreholes is in TDSs, electrical conductivity and chlorine content. The differences recorded in the other quality parameters ranged from between 0.0026 mg/l (in the case of lead) to 0.7°C (in the case of Temperature). This showed that the physio-chemical properties of open wells and boreholes are not much significantly different in the areas. The mean difference of TDSs between wells and boreholes in Dawakin-Tofa LGA is 35.721 mg/l, meaning that well waters are generally more turbid than that of boreholes which was not unexpected because of structural differences and modes of operation. While some quality parameters in Dawakin Tofa like TDSs, Electrical Conductivity, Temperature, Chlorine and Manganese content generally recorded non-harmful values as compared to the drinking standard; others like lead, chromium, cadmium recorded harmful values. Only Jalli (with above 300) and Tattarawa (with above 400) mg/l recorded TDS levels close to the maximum accepted limit of 500. This study further confirms the increased danger and risk of contaminated groundwater among consumer’s not only urban areas, but also in rural areas as well. Though, the levels of some elements like Sodium, Chlorine, Manganese and Magnesium in groundwater of Dawakin-Tofa LGA are currently within the National Acceptable limits, but the concentration of heavy metals clearly shows there is serious risk. Continuous monitoring, control and necessary policy decisions were recommended.

Impact of Calcium and Magnesium in Groundwater and Drinking Water on the Health of Inhabitants of the Slovak Republic.

This work aims to evaluate the impact of the chemical composition of groundwater/drinking water on the health of inhabitants of the Slovak Republic. Primary data consists of 20,339 chemical analyses of groundwater (34 chemical elements and compounds) and data on the health of the Slovak population expressed in the form of health indicators (HI). Fourteen HIs were evaluated including life expectancy, potential years of lost life, relative/standardized mortality for cardiovascular and oncological diseases, and diseases of the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. The chemical and health data were expressed as the mean values for each of the 2883 Slovak municipalities. Artificial neural network (ANN) was the method used for environmental and health data analysis. The most significant relationship between HI and chemical composition of groundwater was documented as Ca + Mg (mmol·L−1), Ca and Mg. The following limit values were set for these most significant groundwater chemical parameters: Ca + Mg 2.9–6.1 mmol·L−1, Ca 78–155 mg·L−1 and Mg 28–54 mg·L−1. At these concentration ranges, the health of the Slovak population is the most favorable and the life expectancy is the highest. These limit values are about twice as high in comparison to the current Slovak valid guideline values for drinking water.

Geochemical evolution of groundwater in a basaltic aquifer based on chemical and stable isotopic data: Case study from the Northeastern portion of Serra Geral Aquifer, São Paulo state (Brazil)

Summary Groundwater from the fractured basalt Serra Geral Aquifer (SGA) represents an important source for water supply in Northeastern Sao Paulo state (Brazil). Groundwater flow conditions in fractured aquifers hosted in basaltic rocks are difficult to define because flow occurs through rock discontinuities. The evaluation of hydrodynamic information associated with hydrochemical data has identified geochemical processes related to groundwater evolution, observed in regional flowpaths. SGA groundwaters are characterized by low TDS with pH varying from neutral to alkaline. Two main hydrochemical facies are recognized: Ca–Mg–HCO 3 , and Na–HCO 3 types. Primarily, the geochemical evolution of SGA groundwater occurs under CO 2 open conditions, and the continuous uptake of CO 2 is responsible for mineral dissolution, producing bicarbonate as the main anion, and calcium and magnesium in groundwater. Ion exchange between smectites (Na and Ca-beidelites) seems to be responsible for the occurrence of Na–HCO 3 groundwater. Toward the Rio Grande, in the northern portion of the study area, there is mixing between SGA groundwater and water from the sandstones of the Guarani Aquifer System, as evidenced by the chemical and isotopic composition of the groundwater. Inverse mass balance modeling performed using NETPATH XL produces results in agreement with the dissolution of minerals in basalt (feldspars and pyroxenes) associated with the uptake of atmospheric CO 2 , as well as the dissolution of clay minerals present in the soil. Kaolinite precipitation occurs due to the incongruent dissolution of feldspars, while Si remains almost constant due to the precipitation of silica. The continuous uptake of CO 2 under open conditions leads to calcite precipitation, which in addition to ion exchange are responsible by Ca removal from groundwater and an increase in Na concentrations. Down the flow gradientCO 2 is subject to closed conditions where the basalts are covered by the sediments of Bauru Group or associated with deeper isolated discontinuities. A decrease in the amount of dissolution of labradorite and augite is observed, associated with precipitation of carbonates and kaolinite. Stable isotope ratios of SGA groundwater vary from −37.8‰ to −61.3‰ VSMOW for δ 2 H VSMOW, and −5.7‰ to −8.9‰ VSMOW for δ 18 O, indicating temporal variations in climatic conditions during recharge.

The Relative Importance of Groundwater and its Ecological Implications in Diverse Glacial Wetlands

Abstract The hydrogeomorphic approach, which assesses a wetland's geomorphic setting, water sources, and hydrodynamics, has proven to be a useful framework for characterizing wetlands. Yet, estimating wetland water sources quantitatively across more than a few study sites remains impractical for larger comparative studies due to the time-intensive measurements required. In this research we tested the efficacy of using dissolved magnesium (Mg2+) as a semiconservative tracer of wetland water sources in southern Lower Michigan. Because concentrations of magnesium in groundwater are high due to equilibrium with dolomite in the glacial deposits, dissolved magnesium distinguished the relative importance of groundwater vs. precipitation as wetland water sources. We examined a set of 24 wetlands to consider relationships between a wetland's water sources and its geomorphic setting, water level variation, and biogeochemistry. Fens and swamps were generally groundwater-dominated, whereas wetlands dominated by Sphag...

Distribution of magnesium in groundwater of Serbia

Magnesium is chemical element commonly found in the environment and the main constituent of many types of minerals and rocks. This element is also essential to man. Owing to its abundance in nature, magnesium is present in all water resources and generally occur as the dominant cation, with calcium, in those that feature low TDS levels, whose origin is associated with large formations of sedimentary rocks (limestones, dolomites), and to a lesser extent with the degradation of silicate minerals that contain Mg. Magnesium concentrations in groundwater of Serbia vary over a wide range and their distribution is not uniform, but certain laws of nature do apply. The variation in the concentrations of this ion depends on the considered hydrogeological province, while within a single province it is a consequence of Serbia?s highly complex geology. The best examples are the Carpatho-Balkanides, with predominant karstified rock formations, and the Vardar Zone where ophiolites prevail but the makeup is much more complex than that of the Carpatho-Balkanides.

Pedogenic palygorskite and dolomite in a late Neogene sedimentary succession, northwestern Transvaal, South Africa

A detailed field survey identified a late Neogene sedimentary succession which accumulated in ephemeral palaeolakes on the edge of the Kalahari Basin in the northwest of Transvaal Province, South Africa. Palygorskite and dolomite formed along lake margins which fluctuated between lacustrine and dry-land conditions. The sedimentary sequence presented an opportunity to investigate the interrelationships between these minerals and study their possible modes of formation, either by lacustrine sedimentation or pedogenic processes. Clay mineralogy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and geochemical analysis revealed an increase in magnesium-enriched minerals, palygorskite and dolomite, within the pedogenically altered marginal lacustrine sediments. Field relationships showed that the dolomite is a replacive phase within the decomposing palygorskite, although the scanning electron micrographs do not display such unequivocal evidence for a direct replacive relationship. They suggest rather that the dolomite forms by neoformation from soil solutions, which included decomposition products released by the breakdown of the palygorskite. Seen in a regional context, subaerial pedogenic processes acted on marginal lacustrine sediments and resulted in the decomposition of smectite and neoformation of palygorskite. A change in climate to drier conditions encouraged the formation of calcrete in surrounding areas which increased the magnesium/calcium ratio in groundwaters. This increase was supplemented by evaporative concentration during the desiccation of the lacustrine environment. The high magnesium concentration led to the formation of the dolomite-rich dolocrete. This interpretive model is a means by which existing genetic models for calcareous pedocretes and those models that define the concentration of magnesium in groundwater and saline lacustrine environments can be combined. The pedogenic mineral relationships described are suggested as useful palaeoenvironmental indicators for the late Neogene/early Pleistocene of southern Africa.