Extraction Of Magnesium Research Articles

Solvent extraction of magnesium(II) and calcium(II) with benzoyltrifluoroacetone in carbon tetrachloride in the absence and presence of tetraalkyl ammoniums.

Solvent extraction equilibria of magnesium(II) and calcium(II) (M2+) in aqueous 1 mol dm-3sodium chloride solutions with 1-phenyl-4, 4, 4-trifluorobutane-1, 3-dione(benzoyltrifluoroacetone, Hbfa) into carbon tetrachloride have been studied at 298 K in the absence and presence of tetraalkyl ammonium(R4N+), where R- is ethyl-, propyl-, or butyl-group. The extraction of magnesium(II) was always better than calcium(II). A chemical species NaM(bfa)3 was extracted into the organic phase and R4NM(bfa)3 was also extracted if R4N+ ion was present and the longer the alkyl chain(R) in R4N+, the better the extraction otherwise identical.

Solvent extraction of alkaline earth metals, and lithium with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-acylpyrazol-5-ones and trioctylphosphine oxide

The synergic extraction of magnesium, calcium, strongium, barium and lithium into cyclohexane or benzene containing 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-acyl-pyrazol-5-one (HA) and tri- n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) was investigated as a function of pH, HA and TOPO concentration. The extracted species when the 4-benzoyl compound was used, were MA 2(TOPO) 2 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr), BaA 2(TOPO) 3 and LiA(TOPO) 2. When the 4-trifluoro-acetyl derivatives was used, the extracted species were the same except for SrA 2(TOPO) 3. Extraction constants for the synergic extractions were calculated.

Synthesis of an ion-binding peptide (decyl-2) more selective for calcium than ionophore A23187

The synthesis of the cation-binding cyclic octapeptide, cyclo(Glu-Sar-Gly-(N-decyl)Gly) 2 is reported. This peptide, containing two ionizable Glu carboxyl side chain protons per molecule, can form neutral cation complexes with divalent ions via protonmetal exchange. Solubilized in chloroform solution, the peptide has been found to extract calcium from an aqueous phase (pH 8.5, 100 mM Tris) generally on a 1 1 molar basis. By contrast, under comparable conditions but with other metal chlorides, the peptide does not extract magnesium, sodium, or potassium. That the extraction proceeds via proton-metal exchange was demonstrated by the absence of (radioactive) chloride ion from the organic phase. Parallel sets of experiments performed with the naturally-occurring ionophore A23187 reaffirmed that the latter substance extracts calcium and magnesium with nearly equal propensity.

Extraction of magnesium chelate of Xylidyl Blue I with cationic and nonionic surfactants

Extraction of magnesium chelate of Xylidyl Blue I with cationic and nonionic surfactants

ON THE RATE OF EXTRACTION OF MAGNESIUM1FROM DRIED PLANTS WITH WATER

The rate and the extent of extraction of magnesium from dried leaves and herbs of 13 medicinal plants have been studied. There was a fairly rapid extraction from both the leaves and the herbs. As much as 92 % of total magnesium was extracted within 10 min from Folium Sennae and 86 % from Folium Farfarae, at 20° C. With herbs the rate ranged from 41 to 63 % within the period indicated. The extent of extraction, arbitrarily defined as the ratio of the quantity of magnesium extracted from 1 g of a material during 24 hr to the total magnesium content in 1 g of the material, exceeded 70 % in 8 out of 13 materials investigated. Except for a few cases, the extraction was practically completed within 30 and 60 min for leaves and herbs, respectively.

Solvent Extraction Behavior of Magnesium and Calcium in Versatic Acid-Amine Systems

Abstract Quantitative extraction of calcium and magnesium in high molecular weight carboxylic acid, versatic-9, and amine systems is reported. Butanol was used as diluent. The study includes the extraction behavior as a function of pH by controlled addition of amines, such as monoethanol amine, diethanol amine, and triethanol amine, the effect of diluent, solvent concentration, and different high molecular carboxylic acids such as versatic-10, versatic-911, and SRS-100. A comparison with the β-diketone-buffer-extraction system and versatic-9-buffer system has also been studied. The proposed method is very simple, and quantitative extraction has been achieved.

Spectrophotometric Study on the Extraction of Magnesium(II)–8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic Acid Chelate Anion with Zephiramine

Abstract The ion-pair of magnesium(II)–8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid chelate anion with zephiramine (Z+Cl−) was extracted into chloroform. The ternary complex has an absorption maximum at 390 nm in the organic layer. The optimum pH range for the extraction is 10.1–11.4. For the first extract, Beer’s law holds for 4.6–20.6 μg of magnesium(II) in 10-ml organic layer, the molar absorptivity being 6.73×103 cm−1 mol−11. The composition of the ternary complex is estimated to be [Mg2+(QS2−Z+)2(HQS−Z+)]o. The extraction equilibrium is given by Mg^2++3[(HQS^-Z^+)]_o+2OH^-\ightleftharpoons[Mg^2+(QS^2-Z^+)_2(HQS^-Z^+)]_o+2H_2O where QS denotes 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid and o the organic phase. The equilibrium constant K is given by logK=16.95±0.13.

Extraction with long-chain amines—VI Separation of manganese as Mn(CNS) 4−6 complex and its complexometric determination in calcareous material

Manganese is quantitatively extracted into a benzene solution of trioctylmethyl-ammonium chloride from a solution at least 0·25 M in potassium thiocyanate and at pH 2·5–7. After stripping into dilute ammonia containing triethanolamine (TEA) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, manganese is determined by EDTA titration. Calcium and magnesium are not extracted even in traces. Iron is co-extracted with manganese and is masked with TEA during the stripping. Aluminium also does not interfere. In the aqueous phase, after the extraction of manganese, calcium or magnesium can be determined by the usual EDTA titration. The method described permits highly selective individual determination of manganese and calcium and/or magnesium in all materials rich in manganese.

Dissolution kinetics of magnesium silicates

Kinetic dissolution experiments on serpentine, forsterite and enstatite over a wide pH range at 25°C show that there is an initial rapid exchange of surface magnesium ions with hydrogen ions followed by a longer period of hydrogen exchange and extraction of internal magnesium and silicon, with the amount extracted proportional to t 1 2 . The parabolic exchange kinetics are consistent with either of two rate controlling mechanisms: nonsteady state diffusion of ions within the mineral and quasi-steady state diffusion of ions through a leached shell surrounding the mineral. Diffusion coefficients for magnesium are greater than for silicon for each of the minerals, leading to incongruent dissolution over moderate time periods. The diffusion coefficients decrease in the order forsterite > serpentine > enstatite. Eventually the parabolic exchange rates decrease to the rate of dissolution of all material at the aqueous interface. Hence, over very long periods the amount of silicon and magnesium dissolved is proportional to t and dissolution is congruent. In highly acid solutions dissolution rates are fast and this terminal condition is reached much sooner.

Multichannel atomic fluorescence and flame photometric determination of calcium, copper, magnesium, manganese, potassium, and zinc in soil extracts

Multichannel atomic fluorescence and flame photometric determination of calcium, copper, magnesium, manganese, potassium, and zinc in soil extracts

Automated Determination of Magnesium in Soil Extracts by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

AbstractA procedure for automated determination of Mg in soil extracts by atomic absorption spectrophotometry is presented. A modified Morgan solution (0.625N NH4OH + 1.25N CH3COOH, pH 4.8) was used to extract Mg from the soil. Measurement of Mg in 60 soil extracts by the proposed automated method gave results which were not different from those of an accepted manual procedure. Interferences with Mg absorbance caused by levels of Al, Si, and P higher than those found in most NH4OAc soil extracts were not great enough to necessitate use of a Sr diluent to eliminate the interferences.

FOrmation and reactivity of oxides and basic salts. I. Basic magnesium chlorides and sulphates

AbstractReactions of lime and magnesia with magnesium chloride and sulphate have been studied in relation to industrial processes, namely, extraction of magnesium from sea‐water and production of Sorel‐type cements. Variations in phase composition, surface area and crystallite and aggregate sizes of the products have been correlated with experimental conditions.The solid limes react rapidly with the more dilute magnesium salt solutions, and the precipitated magnesium hydroxides are much more finely‐divided. Basic magnesium salts initially formed are decomposed subsequently to hydroxide as the pH becomes stabilised at higher values. Greater concentrations of magnesium chloride give more extensive basic salt formation and prevent all of the lime going quickly into solution. Similar products are given with solid magnesium hydroxide and magnesium chloride and sulphate solutions.The Sorel‐type cements obtained from magnesium oxide and the more concentrated chloride solutions set appreciably, even before loss of surface through final ageing. They show two distinct phases: (a) irregular grains of 10–50 μm diameter, and (b) acicular or tabular crystals up to 20μm long, mainly in radiating growths. By contrast, the magnesium oxysulphate crystals are not so elongated and the cements set with considerable loss of surface area, giving interlocking structures in which 20–50 μm‐diameter grains are often ‘fused’ together as larger 400–500 μm aggregates.

The application of salicylaldoxime in solvent extraction

The extraction of divalent magnesium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, and lead with solutions of salicylaldoxime in benzene was investigated. The effect of the reagent concentration and particularly the pH of the aqueous phase on the extractability was studied. The application of salicylaldoxime extractions in the separation and determination of various elements is discussed.

Routine determination of calcium and magnesium in soil extracts by atomic absorption spectrophotometry

AbstractExperiments using a commercial atomic absorption spectrophotometer show that accurate routine determinations of calcium and magnesium in extracts of soil in N/2 acetic acid or neutral N ammonium acetate can be made, employing 1600 ppm Sr (as SrCl2.6H2O) as an additive to suppress interferences due to phosphate and other ions. The technique may be applied also to determinations of cation exchange capacity which require measurement of magnesium in solution.

Solvent extraction and determination of magnesium in biological materials.

Solvent extraction and determination of magnesium in biological materials.

Determination of magnesium in soil extracts by atomic absorption spectroscopy and chemical methods

AbstractMagnesium, extracted from 244 soils using a range of extractants, was determined by (i) atomic absorption spectroscopy and (ii) a number of standard chemical techniques. From an examination of the results, atomic absorption spectroscopy was shown to offer a rapid and reliable method for the determination of magnesium and to have definite advantages over the chemical methods in a number of respects. The atomic absorption technique was distinctly superior for estimating low magnesium levels in the extracts, which correspond to deficiency levels in soils as far as crops and livestock are concerned.Ammonium nitrate appeared to be the most consistent extractant over a wide range of soils. For calcareous soils, acidic extractants produced higher magnesium values than the neutral type, due to the solution of free carbonates. The narrow soil/extractant ratio and a short shaking time for the Morgan's II method however, overcame this disadvantage on calcareous soils.

Observations on the use of titan yellow for the determination of magnesium with special reference to soil extracts

Examination by paper and thin-layer chromatography of several preparations of titan yellow from different manufacturers has shown them to be complex mixtures.By using a titan yellow selected chromatographically, it has been possible to improve the stability and sensitivity of the coloured complex produced with magnesium. Studies have been made of the effects of alkalis, interfering ions and protective colloids, and the use of gelatin with a lithium hydroxide-glycine buffer is proposed for the determination of magnesium in soil extracts. Results have been compared with those obtained by atomic-absorption spectroscopy and show close correlation.

Distribution and isotopic composition of lithium in stone meteorites

Distribution of lithium in several chondrites was examined by a fractional dissolution method. Water, bromine water, HCl, and HF were used to fractionally dissolve minerals comprising non-magnetic fractions of chondrites. From ordinary chondrites most of the lithium was extracted into HCl solutions. Although olivine was also decomposed with HCI, the degree of extraction of magnesium from olivine was different from that of lithium. In the case of Abee, an enstatite chondrite, bromine water extracted a major portion of lithium along with troilite. Other alkali metals remained in the acid insoluble silicates. These results indicate that lithium is located in a minor segregated constituent in stone meteorites. The isotopic compositions of lithium in the various fractions were found to be essentially identical to that of terrestrial lithium.

Automatic procedures for the determination of calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus in soil extracts

Automatic procedures for the determination of calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus in soil extracts

Clay Minerals Of The Silurian Clinton Ironstones, New York State

ABSTRACT Illite, chlorite, and an iron-rich septechlorite (chamosite) were identified in the Clinton ironstones and associated rocks of New York State. The compositions of these clay minerals were semi-quantitatively determined by X-ray methods and a single wet analysis. The composition of the illite is: (H3O)2(SiAl)8(Al3.5Fe0.5)O20(OH)4; the chlorite is (MgAl)2.5(Fe+2Fe+33.5(Si2.65Al1.35)O10(OH)8; the chamosite is (Al0.81Fe+21.70Mg0.36Mn0.04Ti0.01) (Si1.36Al0.64)O5(OH)4 but iron and magnesium are inferred to vary to Fe1.24Mg0.82. Texture, composition, and stratigraphy indicate that the illite is detrital, chamosite is a primary, syngenetic precipitate and chlorite is diagenetic. An increase in the Fe/Mg ratio of diagenetic minerals may be related to a relative increase in the ferrous iron activity of interstitial solutions during digenesis. This change in composition of the solution could result from the extraction of magnesium during dolomitization and/or an increase in the reducing potential of the environment.