Magnesium Based Metal Matrix Composites Research Articles

Role of processing techniques related to Mg-MMCs for biomedical implantation: An overview

Magnesium is one of the lightest structural metals currently available, and it can replace conventional alloys in mass-saving applications while still offering superior stiffness and strength. The presence of reinforcing components inside the metallic matrix has a substantial impact on stiffness, specific strength, wear behaviour, damping behaviour, and creep qualities when compared to conventional engineering materials. Due to their superior physical and mechanical characteristics, low density, and suitability for a variety of applications, magnesium metal matrix composites are ideal materials. This paper describes how to choose an acceptable technique and its process parameters for the synthesis of magnesium-based metal matrix composites (MMCs). Additionally, it gives a general summary of how different reinforcements affect magnesium and its alloys, highlighting both their benefits and drawbacks.

A review on manufacturability of magnesium matrix composites: Processing, tribology, joining, and machining

The effort to use magnesium-based materials is gradually increasing in various structural applications of automobile and aerospace industries because of their lower specific weight. This paper reviews the recent development in magnesium-based metal matrix composites and analyzes their mechanical properties. The process involving the synthesis of reinforcement during the composite development (in-situ process) shows improved properties because of a clean reinforcement-matrix interface, thermally stable reinforcement, and better wettability. The wear resistance of the material improves by the minute addition of ceramic reinforcement into the magnesium alloy matrix. The solid-state joining process is suitable for joining magnesium matrix composites. It overcomes the defects like reinforcement segregation, irregular reinforcement distribution, porosity, and oxide formation that occurred during the conventional welding process. Machining of composites possesses certain difficulties like increased surface roughness and tool wear due to the presence of discontinuous ceramic particles. An effort to enhance the machinability of the materials has been illustrated based on contemporary literature.

In Situ Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction Study of Compression of AZ91 Composites Reinforced with Recycled Carbon Fibres

Lightweight structural materials are increasingly sought after in the automotive and aerospace industries for their potential to improve fuel efficiency. Magnesium-based metal-matrix composites are potential candidates for these kinds of applications. The use of recycled carbon fibres offers further energy and cost savings. The recycled carbon fibre composites were manufactured by stir casting with high-dispersion shearing, then were extruded and subsequently heat treated. The compressive deformation mechanisms of the composites compared to AZ91 were investigated using in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction. An increase in ultimate compressive strength was achieved in the composites compared to AZ91. The deformation mechanisms active in the composites were similar to those in AZ91. Magnesium alloys in compression typically show extensive twinning; this was observed in AZ91 and the AZ91 composites. The stress required for twinning onset was increased in the composites, and the twin volume fraction at failure was decreased compared to AZ91.

A Review on Exploration of Magnesium Matrix Composites

A growing demand for advanced composite materials as well as diverse design requirements offering significant weight savings in comparison to conventional materials have all contributed to a growing interest in composite materials. This review paper is focused on Powder Metallurgy (P/M) process to fabricate magnesium based metal matrix composites. The excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance and low density of Silicon carbide have made it a popular material even at very high temperatures. Despite their very high specific strength, magnesium matrix composites possess excellent cast ability, good damping capabilities, and greater machinability. Therefore, this review paper discusses the importance, fabrication, and properties of magnesium matrix composite materials for industry applications. An examination of the properties of recently produced magnesium matrix composites by various researchers is presented in this review paper.

Manufacturing Techniques for Mg-Based Metal Matrix Composite with Different Reinforcements

Magnesium is among the lightest structural metals available, with the capacity to replace traditional alloys in mass-saving applications while still providing increased stiffness and strength. The inclusion of reinforcing components into the metallic matrix has a substantial impact on stiffness, specific strength, wear behaviour, damping behaviour, and creep properties when compared to typical engineering materials. Due to their outstanding physical and mechanical characteristics along with low density, magnesium metal matrix composites are viable materials for numerous applications. This study discusses how to choose an appropriate technique and its process parameters for synthesising magnesium-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) and gives an overview of the impacts of various reinforcements in magnesium and its alloys, emphasising their benefits and drawbacks. The essential applications of various magnesium-based MMCs are also critically examined in this article. The impact of reinforcement on the microstructure as well as mechanical characteristics are thoroughly examined.

Studies on grindability of magnesium based metal matrix composites

Magnesium based metal matrix composites (MMC) are finding increasing importance, owing to its light weight. The inherent brittleness of magnesium can be overcome by means of reinforcement. Although there are near net shape processes for fabrication of Magnesium based MMC, a process like grinding is required to get the final dimension, surface finish and ensure damage free surface. This paper deals with grinding of Magnesium based MMC using diamond grinding wheels at different grinding conditions, and the grindability is evaluated in terms of grinding force, surface finish and SEM of the grinding swarf. From the studies it was observed that, grinding speed of 1500 rpm and 20 µm grinding depth, give better grindability.

Stir casting technology for magnesium-based metal matrix composites for bio-implants - a review

Magnesium based metal matrix composites are now commonly used in bio medical applications such as bio- implants. various processing methods are used to synthesize Mg based metal matrix composites such as powder metallurgy, stir casting, additive manufacturing, friction stir processing. Stir casting is a economical way to make metal matrix composites (MMCs) because of its simplicity, established process, cheap production costs, and mass production capacity. This research looks at all of the important parts of the stir casting process, including furnace design, material selection, and quality control. composite characteristics, and obstacles in the manufacture of magnesium-based composites, as well as possible research prospects in composite manufacturing. It was advised for furnace design, material selections for the reinforcement materials, parameters of the procedure and additives, making the evaluation unique. The present work summarizes the commonly used reinforcements in Mg based composites for bio-implants, the technological advancements in stir casting process is also discussed. This work objective to offer some meaningful guidelines for researchers on the future challenges in the use Mg based MMC bone implants and their processing methods.

Experimental investigation on the influence of ZrO2 in the magnesium metal matrix by powder metallurgy process

Powder metallurgy-produced magnesium-based metal matrix composites are finding use in a variety of industries, including the automotive, aerospace, and defense sectors. They have greater hardness, wear resistance, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and are lightweight, making them ideal for use in aerospace. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are now undergoing rapid development in a variety of locations across the world. Magnesium matrix is strengthened with zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and charcoal particles in the current study. The structure is created by the use of a powder metallurgy procedure. Mechanical and physical properties such as density, tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness were measured in order to provide information that can be used to determine whether or not the materials are available for commercial application within automotive and other industries in the near future. Additionally, the microstructure of the Mg-ZrO2 composites was investigated.

Modeling the abrasive wear behavior of in-situ synthesized magnesium RZ5/TiB2 metal matrix composites

In the present study, the statistical analysis on tribological behavior of RZ5/TiB2 magnesium-based metal matrix composites is carried out using Taguchi design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. Taguchi analysis using signal-to-noise ratio indicates that the sliding distance and wt.% TiB2 are the most significant factors in evaluating weight loss and coefficient of friction, respectively. The regression equation is formulated utilizing the ANOVA technique to study the output responses based on the input abrasive wear test experimental results. The regression equation is validated through a comprehensive study taking a series of abrasive wear tests and indicates the percentage deviation of regression modeling is in the range of ± 10%. The individual and combined effect of wear parameters on tribological behavior are investigated through the main effect plots and response surface plots. The micrograph of the worn surface of RZ5/TiB2 composites is studied using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), indicating the formation of an oxide layer on the worn surface.

A study on mechanical properties of tungsten carbide reinforced magnesium metal matrix composites for the application of piston

To improve the efficiency, one of the important strategies adopted by automotive manufacturing industries is the lightweight materials usage. Magnesium based metal matrix composites (MMC) have the prospective to meet the demanded requirements. In this study, AZ91 based MMCs reinforced with 1.5 and 3.0 wt % of tungsten carbide (WC) particulates were investigated as the alternatives to existing material. The samples were then solutionised at 420 °C and artificially aged at 175 °C to improve their mechanical properties. Characterization revealed that there were the reductions in tensile strength whereas the enhancement in compressive strength with WC addition into the matrix. At product level experimental analysis, quasi-static load testing of pistons showed that AZ91 alloy piston resisted a load of 10 kN. WC addition improved the strength of the pistons by 30% and 70% (approx.). It encouraged the magnesium-based materials usage for piston application with a maximum weight reduction of 35%.

Comprehensive study of magnesium based metal matrix composite

The present research paper is focused on the fabrication process, reinforcements, and mechanical and tribological properties of the magnesium metal matrix composite. Since magnesium composite has a low density and high mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion coefficients relative to the traditional metals and alloys. It is used the modern type of composite which is used in aerospace and the automotive industries. The efficiency of magnesium composites depends on the reinforcement materials and the homogeneity of the matrix material. The present review paper is presented few literature reviews available on the mixture of reinforcements with trending and demanding matrix of magnesium. Magnesium metal matrix composite is used for better mechanical and wear/abrasion properties. The adding together of reinforcements such as SiC, B4C, Al2O3, metallic glass, etc. is one way to strengthen the mechanical, chemical, and wear properties of various Mg-based composite. When graphite is applied, the tensile and hardness properties decrease along with decreasing wear rate. Waste materials can be used for reinforcing such as rice husk, fly ash, etc. to decrease the manufacturing expenditure and increase the mechanical properties of the magnesium hybrid composite.

Study of the influence of microwave sintering parameters on the mechanical behaviour of magnesium-based metal matrix composite

In the present work, initially, the microwave sintering was used to fabricate a magnesium-based metal matrix composite (MgMMCs) especially Mg3Zn1Ca15Nb, at the same process parameters which were used to develop aforesaid material using conventional sintering. But, no improvement in the results were found, which may be owing to non-optimized parameters of microwave sintering. To carry out the optimization of microwave sintering parameters, first, the range of process parameters was obtained in this study. Sintering temperature (ST), heating rate (HR), and holding time (HT) were selected as sintering parameters. Additionally, the effects of these parameters on the ultimate compressive strength (UCS) as well as the sintered density of Mg3Zn1Ca15Nb were studied. After performing the compression test on the sintered samples (Ø10 × 15 mm2), an increment in both density and UCS was noted with the increase in sintering temperature and heating rate. Whereas sintering the sample above a certain period of holding time, the downward inclination of both UCS and sintered density was observed. The obtained UCS, as well as the density of microwave sintered samples were in the range of orthopedic implantable materials. The images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) affirmed the reduced porosity in the sintered samples as the heating rate increased. Additionally, a combined reduction in agglomeration, as well as cracks in the fabricated sample was observed by increasing sintering temperature. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) study of the microwave fabricated Mg3Zn1Ca15Nb exhibited the presence of only parent elements in the fabricated sample. Also, no phase constituent was recorded in the fabricated sample, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra.

A review on environment friendly and lightweight Magnesium-Based metal matrix composites and alloys

Magnesium is the lightest metal known on earth has a great potential to be used as a structural alloy. The lightweight alloy and composite property attract the automobile and aerospace companies and provide an alternative to replace the denser metals such as steel, cast iron, zinc alloys and even aluminium alloys. In the present scenario of global warming and increased CO2 content, the introduction of limiting emission legislation has triggered the fascinate in magnesium alloys and its composites. Owing to lowest density, the usage of magnesium has been increased in the last decade and several programs related with processing, development, improvement in design and production field are going on to minimize the emission threat over the environment. This paper aims to discuss briefly followed by examples, the future trends, increasing use of magnesium alloys and composites and its good environmental impacts. So, it was concluded that the overall weight reduction of vehicle by using magnesium-based MMCs and its alloys elucidate the drastic enhancement in its performance in terms of mechanical and tribological behavior which consequently creates a potential for its usage in advanced manufacturing technology for automobile and aerospace sector.

Optimization of turning parameters for Magnesium Silicon Carbide using TOPSIS method

A composite consists of at least two constituent parts, one being a metal necessarily, and the other material may be a different metal or another material, such as a ceramic or organic compound. As a lightest metal structural material, magnesium matrix composites exhibit many advantages over monolithic magnesium or magnesium alloys, such as high elastic modulus, high strength, and superior creep at elevated temperatures. Magnesium based metal matrix composites had been used in biomedical operations due to biocompatibility and ductility. Magnesium Silicon Carbide (MMC) is casted with Magnesium 90% by mass and Silicon Carbide 10% by mass through Stir Casting process. Turning operation was performed according to the DOE with the utilization of CCD. The input factors considered for the experimentation is of three levels and the output responses are surface roughness, surface hardness and out of roundness. Using Entropy method, weightage for TOPSIS method is calculated. The multi-responses were optimized using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and optimal parameters were determined and found to be cutting speed as 500rpm, feed as 0.2mm/rev and depth of cut as 0.2 mm.

Selection of tool transverse speed considering trial run experimentations for AZ61/Tic composite developed via friction stir processing using triangular tool

In this present work, an effort has been applied to fabricated AZ61/TiC magnesium based metal matrix composite. The effect of tool transverse speed and specimen holding time after etchant application has been studied before final design and run of experiments. A set of zig-zag holes were prepared into the 200 mm × 100 mm × 6 mm thick AZ61A plate and compacted with TiC particles. A fixed three pass Friction stir processing (FSP) was performed out employing a fixed tool rotation speed of 850 rpm and varying tool transverse speed of 25 mm/min, 100 mm/min and 170 mm/min. Optical microscopy (OM) was used to study the grain refinement. The results indicate that for tool rotational speed of 850 rpm and transverse speed of 25 mm/min better grains were formed at stir zone (SZ) and poor grains were observed once the specimen analyzed after 25 min of etching.

Magnesium based Metal Matrix Composites for Automobile and Biomedical Applications - A Review

Magnesium based Metal Matrix Composites for Automobile and Biomedical Applications - A Review

A re-analysis of effect of various process parameters on the mechanical properties of Mg based MMCs fabricated by powder metallurgy technique

In the present study, a reanalysis of Magnesium based metal matrix composites made by powder metallurgy has been done. The Properties of the powder metallurgy products are highly influenced by some basic parameters like; type of reinforcement, weight or volume fraction of reinforcement, compaction pressure, sintering temperature and sintering time, etc. That is why the present study was focused to investigate the effect of these parameters on the mechanical properties of magnesium based Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). It was observed that the hard ceramic particles like Al2O3, SiC, B4C, TiO2, TiC and etc. are reinforced in the magnesium matrix to enhance the strength, hardness and other properties. The strength and hardness increases on addition of these hard ceramic particles but ductility is reduced. It has been also observed that the metallic reinforcement like Titanium increases both the strength as well as the ductility of Magnesium based MMCs.

WEDM Parameter Optimization for Silicon@r-GO/Magneisum Composite Using Taguchi Based GRA Coupled PCA

A combination of Taguchi methodology and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) inturn coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) has been proposed through this paper. This methodology is adopted in order to evaluate and estimate the effect of machining parameters over the output responses of Wire Electrical-Discharge Machining (WEDM) performed on Magnesium based metal matrix composite. In this research, an optimal combination of process parameter was expected to be finalized so as to attain a state of maximum Material Removal Rate (MRR) that too with minimal surface roughness (Ra) value. WEDM of developed composite specimens were confirmed to be of L27 orthogonal array(OA) using Taguchi’s method, based mainly on control factors namely reinforcement weight percentage (wt.%), Doping (DP %), Pulse ON time (T-ON), Pulse OFF time (T-OFF) and wire feed rate (WF). ANOVA outcome reveals that wt.% and DP% are the most influencing parameter for MRR and Ra. Multiobjective responses were normalized using GRA; further PCA was applied to evaluate the weighting values corresponding to each performance. The optimial parameter was set and the final results obtained depending on the optimal combination was found to be with a maximum MRR of 14.9 mm3/min and a minimum Ra of 2.04 μm.

Experimental study of wear characteristics of Al2O3 reinforced magnesium based metal matrix composites

Abstract The present study deals with the wear characteristics of magnesium based metal matrix composites reinforced with alumina nano particles (50nm) under stir casting process. The wear test is conducted during dry sliding condition using pin on disc tester machine configuration with hardened steel counter-face, the load applied is 10N and 20N with different sliding speed (200,400,600 & 800 rpm) under the time intervals of 0-180 sec at room temperature. The wear decreases with addition of alumina nano particle under normal load at high sliding speed and also improves the co-efficient of friction from 0.095 to 0.55.

Synthesis and mechanical characterization of magnesium reinforced with SiC composites

Abstract For constructional alloys, lightest metal Magnesium is used as origin. Magnesium based metal matrix composites have light weight, low density, good high temperature mechanical properties and good to excellent corrosion resistance. Due to this reason these are used widely in the applications of aerospace, structural, oceanic and automobile. To the base metal, metal matrix composite is to add in the inviting properties of metals and ceramics. The synthesis and mechanical characterization of Magnesium reinforced silica carbide powder with different volume percentages of SiC is given in this paper. By reinforcing of 4 amounts of SiC volume (i.e 3, 6, 9 and 12 vol%). Monolithic magnesium, the magnesium siC are grown and By stir casting method, its SiC composites are synthesized. According to the ASTM standards the specimens tensile strength are performed. Using X-ray diffractions microstructural verification is done. For various compositions of SiC the comparison of hardness values and SEM micrographs is done. According to ASTM standards the specimen with AZ91D/12% vol SiC compositions show greater tensile and hardness.