Magic Character Research Articles

Magic cluster sizes of cationic and anionic sodium chloride clusters explained by statistical modeling of the complete phase space.

As one of the main components of sea salt aerosols, sodium chloride is involved in numerous atmospheric processes. Gas-phase clusters are ideal models to study fundamental physical and chemical properties of sodium chloride, which are significantly affected by the cluster size. Of particular interest are magic cluster sizes, which exhibit high intensities in mass spectra. In order to understand the origin of these magic cluster sizes, quantum chemical calculations at the CCSD(T)//DFT level are performed, yielding structures and binding energies of neutral (NaCl)x, anionic (NaCl)xCl- and cationic (NaCl)xNa+ clusters up to x = 8. Our calculations show that the clusters can easily isomerize, enabling dissociation into the lowest-energy isomers of the fragments. Energetics can explain the special stability of (NaCl)4Cl-, but (NaCl)4Na+ actually offers low-lying dissociation channels, despite being a magic cluster size. Collision-induced dissociation experiments reveal that the loss of neutral clusters (NaCl)x, x = 2, 4, is in most cases more favorable than the loss of NaCl or the atomic ion, i.e. sodium chloride clusters actually fragment via the cleavage of the entire cluster, not by evaporating small cluster building blocks. This is rationalized by the calculated high stability of even-numbered neutral clusters (NaCl)x, especially x = 2, 4. Analysis of the density of states and rate constants calculated with a modified Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) equation called AWATAR - considering all energetically accessible isomers of reactants and fragments - shows that entropic effects are responsible for the magic cluster character of (NaCl)4Na+. In particular, low-lying vibrational modes provide a high density of states of the near-planar cluster. Together with the small contribution of an atomic ion to the sum of states in a loose transition state for dissociation, this leads to a very small unimolecular rate constant for dissociation into (NaCl)4 and Na+, which is the lowest energy fragmentation pathway. Thus, entropic effects may override energetics for certain magic cluster sizes.

The Power of Chaos

The Power of Chaos

The tyranny of magicalized science and its collapse by the masses: fear and modernity in the Japanese mask norm

ABSTRACT This article discusses the tyranny of science and the masses’ reaction to it, considering the situation in which the overturned mask norm, which is different from the medically desirable mask norm, has been practiced in Japanese society. The model of the human being that science assumes is frequently inclined to be limited to a very narrow model of the modern citizen or a rational, ideal human being with sufficient information to make decisions. Such a metaphysical understanding of human beings and society does not assume that the masses will not accept it. As a result, science has no choice but to use mathematically derived fear to control the masses. Science will always have a tyrannical and magical character in the sense that fear is necessary for the realization of the scientific expectations of experts. To incite fear, technology should be not only scientific but also symbolic (ritualistic) in the society in which it is used. However, once the fear becomes a reality, the masses, instead of being increasingly frightened by it, begin to doubt the scientific explanations of the experts. As a result, the tyranny of science starts to collapse. It is in the masses, who are perceived as the furthest removed from science, that the opportunity exists for science to be relativized.

Персонажі казок, фентезі та магічна їжа в кулінарних реаліті-шоу: перехрестя літературної культури і медіакомунікацій

Themed cooking reality shows emerge and develop at the intersection of media communications, literary culture and leisure. They are also based on intertextual, transmedia connections, simultaneously and masterfully using heterogeneous languages, ranging from artistic, social-ideological to commercial. This is a new type of intermediate territory (J. Mukarzowski), which is filled with, and exists due to the meeting and interaction of heterogeneous languages, memory, signs, and associations, fragmentary hints, which are united into a coherent whole by the tasks, meanings and language of media. Such a culinary media text that uses the game with fashionable works of art, holidays, and heroes and makes them fashionable by this game should be easily read as explicit, well-known, universally understood quotes, allusions, puzzles, and signs. It to be accepted and in demand, must speak the equally significant language of mass culture, art, and everyday life, which is quickly perceived. Magical heroes, characters, and magical food also actively and naturally fit into these processes through the means and possibilities of literary culture and media communications. As a result, new urgent places of existence of collectively, socially, and ideologically significant meanings are created and consolidated, and literary culture contributes to this as much as possible, helping to form and manifest new aspects of truth and authenticity. In addition, thematic cooking reality shows also reveal qualitatively new dimensions of transmedia, intertextual transformations of folklore, literature, and cinema texts, as well as aesthetic, ideological, and socio-cultural functions. In this regard, the ideas and methods proposed by J. Mukarzowski in his works of the 1930s and semiotics are relevant.

Methods and techniques of interpretation of mythical and magic characters’ names in Russian folk tales in Persian

The rapidly developing cultural relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Russia predetermine the importance of studying the realities of Russian culture in teaching Russian as a foreign language. Despite the constantly growing interest of the Iranian reader in Russian fiction, we have not found translations of Russian folk tales. A distinctive feature of fairy tales is the presence of specific monsters and mythical creatures in them. The relevance of this study is emphasized by the fact that the opinions of researchers on the issue of translating these realities are divided: some researchers note that realities are untranslatable, others argue that there are no words that would be impossible to convey in another language. This research work presents methods and techniques for an adequate and equivalent translation of the proper names of mythical creatures that are the heroes of Russian folk tales of a magical nature. The translation experiment was conducted in student classes of the RFL departments of higher educational institutions of Iran. The main methods on which the study is based are the comparative method, the method of linguistic description, and the method of experiment. The students were asked to translate typical sentences, selected by continuous sampling, in which there was a mention of the magical characters of Russian folk tales. The purpose of the experiment is to identify what methods and techniques of translation strategies were used in the process of translating realities that do not have equivalents in the Persian language. Thus, the empirical basis of this study is the interpretation of fragments of Russian folk tales of a magical nature in Persian by students learning Russian as a foreign language. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it is the first attempt to analyze the method of equivalent or adequate conveyance of national and cultural color of the Russian fairy tales characters into Persian. Based on the experiment, we can conclude that when translating the names of mythical heroes and monsters of Russian folk tales, students resorted to two main translation strategies − foreignization and domestication. Russian students chose the method of phonetic transliteration and transcription as the main method of foreignization, as well as calques that contribute to the preservation of Russian cultural and ethnic specificity and overcoming the difficulties of conveying semantic content and the national color of the mythical heroes of Russian folk tales. The main technique of the domestication strategy used by students is the borrowing of the designation of a fairy-tale character from the culture of other peoples with whom they were previously familiar. The results of our research can find practical application in literary translation in Iran. Theoretically, the material can contribute to the development of the theory of translation of literary texts of the folklore genre, as well as arouse interest in further research among undergraduates and graduate students studying in higher educational institutions of Iran.

“ЭР ТӨШТҮК” ЭПОСУНДА КОЛДОНУЛГАН СТИЛДИК ЫКМАЛАР: ГИПЕРБОЛА, ЛИТОТА ЖАНА АЛАРДЫН КОЛДОНУЛУШ МАКСАТЫ

The article talked about the functions, features and semantics of hyperbole and litotes, stylistic devices that create exaggerated images in the epic "Er Toshtuk" in the version of S. Karalaev. To identify the nature and nature of these types of trails, specific facts and materials from the epic were taken and scientific research was carried out. Since ancient times, our ancestors were able to use the possibilities of tropes and make the game bright, accurate, artistically imaginative. Even today, these stylistic devices remain relevant and will continue to exist without losing their relevance. Unlike ordinary realistic works, the use of hyperbole and litotes is a natural phenomenon in epics with a separate artistic structure, a special law, interesting ways of development, magical and wonderful characters, including in the archaic-mythological epic "Er Toshtuk".

Одяг як інструмент соціалізації дитини в українській традиційній культурі кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ століття

The significance of children’s clothing in the processes of child socialization is considered in the article. Symbolically illustrating age-related changes in a person’s life, clothes in Ukrainian traditional culture is known with a social function. According to the materials of the late 19th – mid to late 20th century, changes in a child’s clothing from birth to adolescence can be traced in the context of its involvement into social life. Children’s attire as a special phenomenon of traditional culture reflects a number of archaic ideas used in ritual actions with clothes. Having a practical function, the appearance of some components in the child’s wardrobe indicates a change in status and also has a symbolic, magical character. The system of ideas and practices in traditional children’s clothing of Ukrainians has combined both the necessary adaptation to the child’s physical growth and the acquisition of certain traits and qualities aimed at a successful future. The child’s age, performance of certain functions and status in the community are closely related to established standards of appearance. From the point of view of childhood, as a mirror of civilization, traditional children’s clothing is an important component for understanding the peculiarities of archaic Ukrainian society.

Socrates’ “maieutics” and the ethical foundations of psychotherapy

IntroductionThe noun “maieutics” derives from maia (mother, midwife) and the related verbs “maieusis” and “maieonuai” mean “giving birth” and “easing childbirth”. Socrates’ maieutics aspires to give birth to the truth in the youth. Since homeric times psychotherapy has been part of medical act. Initially, the physician’s word had a magical character. Plato rationalized this in many of his dialogues, specially in “Charmides”.ObjectivesThe search of the essential characteristics of this therapeutic method described by Plato, as well as its ethical implicationsMethodsHermeneutic methodResultsThe consequences for doctor-patient relationship in general and psychotherapy in particular are: 1. Remedy and “epodé” (charm) must be applied in every doctor-patient relationship. 2. The body can only be healed if the soul is cured first by a charm. 3. The openness of the patient’s soul to the physician and the physician’s beautiful speech to the patient will enable the latter to reach the state of “sophrosyne” (temperance), condition of possibility of true health.ConclusionsIn the discussion of the meaning of “sophrosyne”, Socrates questions disciples’ propositions and concludes that the only thing one can be sure of is that “sophrosyne” is a way of searching virtue (arete). Later, in Theaetetus, Plato adds another element: temperance is a “homoiosis theó”, that is, the assimilations of patient to God. With this Plato seals the ethical character of psychotherapy for ever.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Magical and Mystical Aspects in Nepali Manuscript Illuminations

Nepali Manuscript illuminations are traditional miniature paintings found in religious manuscripts, including Prajnaparamita, Pancaraksa, Shivadharma, Visnudharma, and Devimahatmya. The religious manuscripts narrate mythical events in verbal texts and illustrate mythical characters and their actions simultaneously. The forms, figures and activities of the characters are symbolic, magical and mystical. The paintings present divine and supernatural characters in their spectacular feats of real life. The artworks represent the characters and events of Hindu and Buddhist myths. Despite the presence of magical and mystical elements, the visual narratives teach moral lessons to the real people of the real world. The symbols signify something else beyond the represented visuals. The miniature paintings motivate the readers and viewers for reading and learning by telling interesting stories. Presentation of strange and unusual characters and events renews viewers' perception providing delight while suggesting ethical values of the society. The presentation through magical and mystical characters and actions conveys moral lessons aesthetic manner. This article traces the magical and mystical features of Nepali manuscript illuminations and attempts to throw light on their significances.

The influence of the national code on historical consciousness

The article provides long history of literature development has formed a new form of artistic thinking system. In general, in addition to the classical origins, it was influenced by the internal potential of the literature of each nation. Artistic thinking has expanded the cognitive perception and imagination of a person. In any nation, the nature of the art of speech is too deep. Mankind has long been aware of the peculiarities of the language and the art of speech, and its meaning has deepened with the passage of time. Even the power of the word has become a reflection of the way of life of the people, their religious beliefs. The word reflects traditions, national and ethnographic features of their everyday life, complements its multifaceted features in the form of signs, gestures, symbols. They especially glorified the magical character of the word, conveyed the manifestation of traditions, rituals, and customs that were established in their lives through various forms of speech. It began in the folklore genres of our people. These features have accumulated over the centuries and have survived to the present day. The people constantly revived and returned to the world of their knowledge, memories, and ancient images. This is further reflected in the stability that testifies the formation of the nation, its history, socio-political situation, and cultural phenomena. Thus, the national code was formed, which was fixed in the national identity. Its significance is to analyze the properties of phenomena in the national consciousness, assess their role in the past and future, thereby revealing the unique identity of the nation. Key words: nation, history, consciousness, metaphysics, code, person.

Числовая и цветовая символика в романе Дж. К. Роулинг «Гарри Поттер и философский камень»

The research aims to identify the main quantifiers and colour terms used in the first part of the Harry Potter heptalogy by J. K. Rowling which play an important role in creating the magical world of the novel. The article deals with an analysis of the symbolic meanings which are characteristic of the numbers and colours traditionally used in fairy tales, legends and works of the fantasy genre. Scientific novelty of the paper lies in studying symbolism of numbers and colours in modern English in a comprehensive manner based on the material of the popular literary work. As a part of the study, the researchers have analysed phraseological units containing quantifiers and colour terms, determined their symbolic meanings and functions in the novel, as well as carried out a statistical analysis. As a result, the most important and frequent quantifiers and colour terms that help the author to portray magical characters and give readers the sense of “being there” have been identified.

CHERNYAKHIV «BULLAS» (METAL AND LEATHER PENDANTS-FOLDING IN THE CHERNYAKHIV—SINTANA-DE-MURES CULTURE’S AREA)

Decorations of the Chernyakhiv—Sintana-de-Mures Culture (ChSM) includes metal and leather pendants which by some morphological features can be considered as derivatives of the roman bulla. Bulla is a small capsule pendant folded from two identical halves. It’s assumed that bulla originated with the Etruscans in the VIIth century BC. The bulla was later borrowed by romans, who originally intended it for boys — the children of aristocrats from the ninth day of birth to 14—16 years, until receiving the status of a Roman citizen. Later the golden bulla lost the meaning of a social marker and became mainly a property feature. Content of bulla were parts of plants, animal bones, pieces of textile, sand etc.
 Derivatives of the Roman bulla in the ChSM Culture have been found in next burial complexes (Barcea 139, Bila 3, Cherneliv-Rus’kyi 96, Dumaniv 8, Sosnova 245), leather bullas were found once (Legedzine 16). Besides, two pendants-capsules were found on late Scythians Lower Dnieper cemetery Mykolaivka (burial 64, grave 1), which contained ChSM Culture’s graves too.
 Following observation deserves the attention. The capacity of one pendant from Pannonia is similar by decor to clay knots, which were spread in many cultures, including ChSM Culture. They are interpreted as magic, used for fortune-telling and similar to nasturtium seeds.
 Contents of Chernyakhiv Culture’s «bullas» are unknown, but combination with another pendants-amulets certainly confirms the magical character of such pendants.
 Finally, metal bullae, cylindrical and flat cylindrical pendants-capsules continued their existence in the early Middle Ages and as metal folding icons and leather incenses survived in orthodox church to this day.

NOTES ON RED IN THE MASTERS AND THE SLAVES

For contemporary social and cultural anthropologists, historians and sociologists, certain uses of the red colour among indigenous peoples of North and South America have a magical and prophylatic character. Focusing on the Brazilian panorama from the 16th century to the early thirties of the 20th century, in The Masters and the Slaves Gilberto Freyre analyzed reasons that made red a national favorite colour. The aim of this article is to expose how Freyre associated such prediletion to complex social processes, involving Indigenous culture and Portuguese colonial imaginary in a narrative about the construction of the nation’s identity. Works of Paul Ricoeur and Roberto González Echevarría guide the mainstream theoretical scope of this study.

Teaching Material on Writing Fantasy Story Incorporating the Local Culture

Fantasy stories are imaginative texts with magical characters and backgrounds. A fantasy story about a primitive topic constantly needs some innovation to remain relevant. One of the ways to do that is by integrating local culture into the story. Local culture embodies the ideas and/or values, local views that are wise, full of wisdom, and that are embedded and followed by every member of the community. Writing a fantasy story based on local culture does not mean it loses its imaginative and magical elements. Local culture as a story idea or theme has various benefits for students, including: (1) preserving culture, (2) promoting moral values, (3) representative experience, (4) fostering empathy, (5) generating imagination and inspiration, and (6) the pleasure of reading. To include local culture content in students’ writing, a context approach can be used. The context approach assumes that while writing, the writer is actually oriented towards the purpose of writing and the reader is the target thereof. With this innovation, students can better understand, inspire, and preserve culture through learning. The novelty of this study is an analysis of local culture that can be collaborated into story ideas or themes for writing fantasy storyboards.
 Keywords: teaching material, writing, fantasy story, local culture

Publisher Correction: Charge radii of exotic potassium isotopes challenge nuclear theory and the magic character of N = 32

Publisher Correction: Charge radii of exotic potassium isotopes challenge nuclear theory and the magic character of N = 32

Charge radii of exotic potassium isotopes challenge nuclear theory and the magic character of N\u2009=\u200932

Nuclear charge radii are sensitive probes of different aspects of the nucleon–nucleon interaction and the bulk properties of nuclear matter, providing a stringent test and challenge for nuclear theory. Experimental evidence suggested a new magic neutron number at N = 32 (refs. 1–3) in the calcium region, whereas the unexpectedly large increases in the charge radii4,5 open new questions about the evolution of nuclear size in neutron-rich systems. By combining the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy method with β-decay detection, we were able to extend charge radii measurements of potassium isotopes beyond N = 32. Here we provide a charge radius measurement of 52K. It does not show a signature of magic behaviour at N = 32 in potassium. The results are interpreted with two state-of-the-art nuclear theories. The coupled cluster theory reproduces the odd–even variations in charge radii but not the notable increase beyond N = 28. This rise is well captured by Fayans nuclear density functional theory, which, however, overestimates the odd–even staggering effect in charge radii. These findings highlight our limited understanding of the nuclear size of neutron-rich systems, and expose problems that are present in some of the best current models of nuclear theory.

Reflection of real life through the bizarre and supernatural in the classic prose of the far east

The article is a reflection of the classic prose of the Far East on the pages of "Description of the miraculous from the Liao cabinet" by Pu Songling. The article examines a collection of works by Pu Songling, who wrote under the pseudonym Liao Zhai, who is the keeper of the legends of the ancient Chinese language. This paper presents an analysis of several collections of Liao Zhai, which are a box of the unusual and supernatural, the threads of which stretch into the real world of magical characters. In the article, Pu Songling's book is interpreted as unique, since the stories are filled with meaning and reveal the vices of the human essence for the reader.

Transmissional and Magical Nature of Naming System

Language is the guardian, main carrier and a powerful translator of cultural spiritual values, so that the language can show all the components of culture. The article is devoted to the description of the word’s etymological and magical character in modern Turkic and Slavic languages, with the indication of their historical formation, dew to the general laws of their development. In particular, the special importance is given, to the philosophical, linguistic and cultural, sociological system of the naming, as a source of spiritual and historical information, describing the ethnic’s historical development process. This is not only a linguistic reconstruction of the past, but also a process of disclosing of some unknown historical aspects of an ethno-cultural nature. According to this the article goes on saying about the origin and the history of formation of the words of a magical character in modern Turkic and Slavic languages. Based on the fact that the words, name and naming- are the most important means of magic, the magical power of the word is analyzed. On the basis of the historical materials, it is proved that all the signs of the magic in the Turkic and Slavic languages were formed from the verbs arbau, jadylau (zhad)” (to conjure) in the spoken language, coming from the significant words arbaushy, jat(zhad)/zhadylaushy (adjures, sorcerer)

On the robustness of sub-shell closures: A high angular momentum analysis of the titanium isotopes

The potential sub-shell closures N=32 and N=34 are analyzed at high spins in the titanium isotopes within the generalized beyond mean field theory considering triaxial deformations and the angular frequency as generator coordinates together with the particle number and the angular momentum conservation. A good description of bulk properties, high angular momenta spectra and transition probabilities is obtained. The outcome at high spin in these nuclei is consistent with the magic number character of N=32 but not of N=34.

РОЛЬ ТАНЦЮ В ГУЦУЛЬСЬКИХ ОБРЯДАХ ТА ЗВИЧАЯХ

The article examines the characteristics of the rituals of the Hutsul region – the ethnographic region of the Carpathians. Considerable attention is paid to the regional features of calendar rites and customs, their identity in the cultural and historical aspect is clarified. Researchers and scientists, artists and folklorists who described the identity of Hutsul culture are mentioned. A description of the interaction between dance and the cultural center of the Hutsul region is also given. Among the distinctive features that distinguish the ethnographic group of Ukrainians – Hutsuls, along with original clothing, customs and dialect is dance. The world-famous dance "Arkan" captivates the audience with its energy of performance and colorfulness. Hutsul dances impress with their large number and content, variety, magical and ritual significance has convinced researchers of their spiritual raging power. During the historical development, ethnographic regions have created their own layer of traditional culture. Throughout the calendar-ritual year, Hutsuls formed customs and rituals that had a symbolic and sometimes magical character – Christmas carols, Easter farewells, green holidays, Ivan Kupala, and more. Family and household rites, which are characterized by archaic character and high spirituality, are filled with bright colors. The article raises the issue of finding folklore for the art center, and directing the creation of works of art for their revival and formation of national expression. The significance of the cultural peculiarities of the Hutsul region in the creative activity of the leading Ukrainian artists (choreographers in general), who provide a personification of their contribution to the development of choreographic heritage today, is also determined. The freedom of the mountaineers and the peculiarities of the geographical location allowed them to choose an extraordinary individuality, their way of life, traditions, all these rivers give boundless space for artistic and scientific research, which allows us to characterize the Hutsuls as a culturally rich ethnic group of Ukraine.