Magic Cube Research Articles

Secure and Robust Dual Watermarking for Western Blot Images

The rapid growth of digital data sharing has created a pressing need to safeguard the integrity, authenticity, and security of bioanalytical images, such as Western blots, online. To address this challenge, we propose a novel hybrid biometric watermarking technique that combines randomised singular value decomposition (RSVD), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), schur transform, pseudo magic cube, and chaotic encryption, making the watermarking of Western blot images more secure, robust, and imperceptible. Our approach surpasses state-of-the-art methods, ensuring imperceptible watermarking and robust protection against tampering and unauthorised use. By integrating spatial and transform-domain techniques, we achieve superior performance, outperforming existing methods with a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 48.7581, structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.9998, a normalised correlation (NC) of 0.9996, an average number of changing pixel rate (NPCR) of 0.9961, and an average unified average changing intensity (UACI) of 0.3334. Our technique sets a new standard for digital image protection in scientific research, addressing critical challenges in tampering, copyright protection, and data security. With its high performance and security, our approach enables the trustworthy sharing and publication of Western blot images in the digital era.

Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Agricultural Carbon Balance at Township Scale and Carbon Compensation Zoning: A Case Study of Guangshui City, Hubei Province

Optimizing agricultural carbon compensation zoning is crucial for establishing robust mechanisms in agricultural carbon compensation management, with significant implications for achieving national “dual carbon” strategic objectives. This study employs K-means and the three-dimensional magic cube approach to construct a novel evaluation index system for comprehensive carbon compensation zoning. By combining spatial land-use zoning, we delineate carbon compensation zones in Guangshui City, Hubei Province, and analyze the spatiotemporal variations of agricultural carbon balance, proposing optimization strategies. The results show that (1) from 2000 to 2021, agricultural carbon emissions and absorption exhibit a trend of increasing followed by decreasing, with spatial patterns of “higher in the northwest, lower in the southeast” and “higher in the southwest, lower in the northeast”; (2) the Gini coefficient of agricultural carbon emissions averages at 0.24, with economic contribution coefficients and ecological carrying coefficients ranging from 0.04–16.1 and 0.39–1.99, respectively, from 2000 to 2021; and (3) in 2021, Guangshui City comprises seven payment zones, four balance zones, and six compensation zones, ultimately forming eight optimized agricultural carbon compensation zones in alignment with regional agricultural carbon balance objectives. This study provides theoretical references for enhancing county-level agricultural carbon comprehensive compensation management mechanisms.

Multiple remote sensing image encryption scheme based on saliency extraction and magic cube circular motion

Multiple remote sensing image encryption scheme based on saliency extraction and magic cube circular motion

SOME CONSTRUCTION OF 8N-DIMENSIONAL PERFECT MAGIC CUBE WITH ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE

A magic square whose dimensions are expanded is called a magic cube. A magic cube whose properties are expanded is called a perfect magic cube. The perfect magic cube problem is how to arrange numbers in an cube (matrix) such that the sum of rows, columns, pillars, diagonals (planes and spaces) produces a magic constant of the cube. In this paper, it will be studied how to construct a perfect magic cube of order for whose entries contain an arithmetic sequence with the difference which is set to find specific patterns, and the algorithm for constructing a perfect magic cube is then implemented into programming language to solve large orders.

Additively manufactured magic cube platforms for fully integrated wireless sensing nodes for Internet of Things applications

Wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring are a key feature in developing the Internet of Things. Although there has been much research in developing components for wireless sensing nodes, advances in creating fully integrated sensing nodes is limited. Furthermore, because most sensing nodes that have been developed are intended to perform a fixed task, each new effort to design an integrated sensing node with different functionality must start from scratch. Here we introduce a broadly applicable platform for the development and production of fully integrated wireless sensing nodes. The platform is an additively manufactured cube that has different subsystems occupying separate faces of the 3D structure. While both additively manufactured sensors and cube-shaped wireless sensing nodes have been previously reported, these two approaches have yet to be combined. A key technology that enables this is the use of additively manufactured, nonplanar bent microstrips. This realization offers a “plug-and-play” approach to sensor node design, as the subsystems are considered modular and can be swapped to alter the function of the device. Implementing this concept enables the rapid development and deployment of wireless sensor networks.

Subversive Innovation in the Cultural Tourism Communication Path in the Metaverse Perspective -The Example of the Temple Grand Magic Cube

The phrase "Metaverse" has recently become a well-known one, appearing in customers' brains more and more frequently. As a consequence of the integration of cutting-edge digital technology, Metaverse is applied to various operation scenarios of the entire civilization in order to accomplish high-quality digital economy development, which will definitely open up a new area of the human digital world. This article evaluates the Metaverse's breakthrough into to the traditional rural tourism industry, and introduces a new cultural path "play" based on the Metaverse perspective ---Temple Grand Magic Cube, an experience scene of cultural tourism business integration, rural revitalization, and Metaverse depth combination, and rationalization of resource allocation in urban and rural areas. It examines the feasibility and workability of integrating cultural tourism with "Metaverse" virtual reality, and makes policy recommendations.

Investigation and Comparison of Spatial–Temporal Characteristics of Farmland Fragmentation in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China, and Bavaria, Germany

Farmland fragmentation has emerged as the primary manifestation of global land use changes during the last century. Following the economic reform and opening up in China from the 1980s, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region has witnessed continuous farmland fragmentation. Understanding the spatial–temporal dynamics of farmland fragmentation is crucial for formulating sustainable land use management strategies. However, the specific causes and locations of farmland fragmentation remain unclear, as do potential significant differences or similarities across different countries. Given this quandary, this study empirically analyzes the spatial–temporal characteristics of farmland fragmentation in two different contexts: the BTH region in China and Bavaria in Germany. The study utilizes multiple theoretical models for temporal and spatial farmland fragmentation, applying the comprehensive index method, landscape pattern analysis, and the magic cube model. The results indicate that the farmland fragmentation index (FFI) value in BTH and Bavaria first increased or remained stable, but afterwards, both decreased and increased again. Moreover, the spatial analysis demonstrated high significance values for the FFI in the northern and western BTH region and in northern and southern Bavaria. There are, furthermore, significant differences in the FFI in different macro landforms. The FFI in the mountain regions is significantly higher than that of the plains. Finally, the results also demonstrate that a decreasing FFI relates to the overall low values within an FFI region. The theoretical framework in this study appears to align with empirical results, and thus provides a reference for future policy measures to protect farmland.

The Rubiks Cubes in Group Theory

This paper expounds the basic concept of group theory and its application in Rubiks Cube transformation and restoration formula. The different states of the magic cube are regarded as the elements of the magic cube group, and the set generated by six basic operations is equivalent to the homomorphism of the magic cube group for analysis, from the mathematical characteristics of the permutation group to some practical examples. The collection of possible states of Rubik's Cube is a group, called Rubik's Cube Group, which can be analyzed with the knowledge of group theory. The essence of the magic cube group is the subgroup of the substitution group. There are six basic operations of the magic cube. The combination of basic operations can only produce even pairs of blocks to exchange positions or flip directions at the same time. Therefore, there are some restrictions on the transformation of the magic cube. Some practical examples give some ideas for creating the magic cube formula.

Topological Bonding and Electronic Properties of Cd43Te28 Semiconductor Material with Microporous Structure

CdTe is a II–VI semiconductor material with excellent characteristics and has demonstrated promising potential for application in the photovoltaic field. The electronic properties of Cd43Te28 with microporous structures are investigated based on density functional theory. The newly established binding‐energy and bond‐charge model is used to convert the value of Hamiltonian into bonding values. A method is provided for describing topological chemical bonds by atomic coordinates and wave phases. The dynamic process of the wave function with time and the magic cube matrix are also discussed. This study provides an innovative method and technology for the accurate analysis of the topological bonding and electronic properties of microporous semiconductor materials.

On the Construction of Pandiagonal Magic Cubes

This paper investigates the construction method of pandiagonal magic cube. First, we define a pandiagonal Latin cube. According to this definition, the cube can be constructed by simple methods. After designing a set of orthogonal pandiagonal Latin cubes, the corresponding order pandiagonal magic cube can be constructed. In addition, we give the algebraic conditions of the universal diagonal Latin cube orthogonality and the strict theoretical proof. Based on the proposed method, it can be shown that at least 6(n!)3 pandiagonal magic cubes of order n is formed through a pandiagonal Latin cube. Moreover, our method is easy to implement by computer program.

Piecewise symmetric magic cube: application to text cryptography

Piecewise symmetric magic cube: application to text cryptography

Affine Magic Cubes of Order 4: Concepts and Applications

We convert a classical magic cube of order 4, which is an arrangement of 1,2 , … , 64 , to a cube of order 4 whose entries belong to F 2 6 . By using finite-dimensional vector spaces over the field F 2 , we introduce the notion of affine magic cubes and study their properties. The obtained results can be applied to describe some features of various types of magic cubes of order 4.

SNOW3G Modified by using PLL Algorithms in Magic Cube

Thomas and Patrik are working on a stream cipher called SNOW 3G. In 2006, it was chosen as the centerpiece of a new set of confidentiality and integrity algorithms for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). In 2008, Böhm published an article named "Statistical Evaluation of Stream Cipher SNOW 3G." He put the randomness of the SNOW 3G key stream generator to the test. As a randomness test tool, Böhm uses the NIST test statistics package, which consists of three kinds of tests: lengthy key stream data, short key stream data, and initialization vector data. Only the short key stream set of data failed eight random chance test results out of three kinds of tests, according to the report's findings. The SNOW 3G suggestions, he claims, fail due to a flaw with in cipher's initialization. In this paper, we use the PLL algorithm to modify the SNOW 3G algorithm for key initialization and generation keystream. We employ the same itself Böhm employed. The modify SNOW 3G algorithm exceed whole of the statistic exam in a experiment. The findings show that PLL has an effect on algorithm randomness. Index Terms— SNOW-3G, Stream Cipher, PLL Algorithms.

Arbitrarily shapeable and conductive hydrogel with “Magic Cube” like structure for real-time monitoring and promoting wound healing

Developing hydrogel dressings for chronic non-healing wounds in irregular-shaped or moveable sites has great practical applications. In this work, a novel polyelectrolyte composite hydrogel (HSa) was fabricated from chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) and sodium alginate (SA) through blending and acid-treated process. The positive charges of HACC and negative charges of SA self-assembled and intertwined to form a “Magic Cube”-like structure. The amino groups of HACC were protonized and the Na + of SA was replaced by proton after acid treatment, further strengthening the interactions between the two chips of “Magic Cube”. HSa hydrogel was proven to be arbitrarily shapeable with high flexibility (tensile strain is around 280%). Due to free Cl − , HSa hydrogel presented good conductivity (1.14 × 10 −3 S/cm) and positive linear relationship between its electrical resistance change and area change, which denoted its ability to monitor joint movement or subtle shrinkage. HSa hydrogel exhibited good biocompatibility and was further applied as dressing in an irregular-shaped wound model. HSa hydrogel could significantly accelerate the wound healing by elevating collagen deposition and vessel formation. Simultaneously, HSa hydrogel could monitor the wound closure in real-time. Therefore, HSa hydrogel had multifunctional potential for wound healing and monitoring, especially for irregular-shaped or movable sites. • A simple strategy for fabricating arbitrarily shapeable and conductive hydrogel. • HSa hydrogel has a “Magic Cube” like structure. • HSa hydrogel has good hemostasis effects and biocompatibility. • HSa hydrogel combines wound pro-healing and real-time monitoring functions. • HSa hydrogel could be beneficial for chronic non-healing wounds.

Grayscale and colored image encryption model using a novel fused magic cube

Grayscale and colored image encryption model using a novel fused magic cube

Spherical Ni3 S2 /Fe-NiPx Magic Cube with Ultrahigh Water/Seawater Oxidation Efficiency.

The rational construction of earth‐abundant and advanced electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is extremely desired and significant to seawater electrolysis. Herein, by directly etching Ni3S2 nanosheets through potassium ferricyanide, a novel self‐sacrificing template strategy is proposed to realize the in situ growth of NiFe‐based Prussian blue analogs (NiFe PBA) on Ni3S2 in an interfacial redox reaction. The well‐designed Ni3S2@NiFe PBA composite as precursor displays a unique spherical magic cube architecture composed of nanocubes, which even maintains after a phosphating treatment to obtain the derived Ni3S2/Fe‐NiP x on nickel foam. Specifically, in alkaline seawater, the Ni3S2/Fe‐NiP x as OER precatalyst marvelously realizes the ultralow overpotentials of 336 and 351 mV at large current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm–2, respectively, with remarkable durability for over 225 h, outperforming most reported advanced OER electrocatalysts. Experimentally, a series of characterization results confirm the reconstruction behavior in the Ni3S2/Fe‐NiP x surface, leading to the in situ formation of Ni(OH)2/Ni(Fe)OOH with abundant oxygen vacancies and grain boundaries, which constructs the Ni3S2/Fe‐NiP x reconstruction system responsible for the remarkable OER catalytic activity. Theoretical calculation results further verify the enhanced OER activity for Ni3S2/Fe‐NiP x reconstruction system, and unveil that the Fe‐Ni2P/FeOOH as active origin contributes to the central OER activity.

Efficient Cost-Reduced With High-Quality Image of Imperceptible Steganography Using Modulo and Magic Cube

Information hiding techniques are used to hide confidential data in digital carriers. It is difficult for malicious users to detect the existence of confidential data within the digital carriers. Audios, images, or videos can call be digital carriers. Information hiding includes steganography and watermarking. Watermarking is used for copyright protection. Steganography is used to protect confidential data transmission from malicious attackers. Imperceptibility and capacity are always the major concerns in steganography. In this paper, we propose an efficient steganography method for images using modulus operation and magic cube. The partial secret message bits are converted into decimals and then mapped to a predefined cube. The coordinates of the mapped position were embedded into the cover image using modulus operation. We obtain the stego-image quality better than 42 dB, while the payload is 3 bpp. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method has a higher capacity than previous works. Meanwhile, our method also maintain high imperceptibility. Furthermore, modulus operation can reduce the computational overhead of the proposed method.

Controllable synthesis of magic cube-like Ce-MOF-derived Pt/CeO2 catalysts for formaldehyde oxidation.

Controllable synthesis of MOFs with desired structures is of great significance to deepen the understanding of the crystal nucleation-growth mechanism and deliver unique structural features to their derived metal oxides with target catalytic applications. In this study, NH2-Ce-BDC with morphology similar to a second-order magic cube (mc) is facile synthesized via H+ mediation in nucleation and growth stages. The pertinent variables that can greatly influence the formation of magic cube-like structures (MCS) were investigated, in which the concentric diffusion field was found to be one of the key factors. Upon calcination, the derived CeO2 inherits unique gullies and grooves located on the pristine MOFs surface, which is quite useful for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles because of strong interaction with MOF-derived CeO2 (mc-CeO2). XPS, H2-TPR, Raman, and in situ DRIFTS characterization results show that there is a stronger interaction between Pt and mc-CeO2 in mc-Pt/CeO2 compared with c-Pt/CeO2 that is derived from the well-developed cubic Ce-MOFs. Furthermore, Pt2+ ions, hydroxyl oxygen, and oxygen defects in mc-Pt/CeO2 account highly for exemplary catalytic activity toward HCHO oxidation.

Pengaruh Model Game Based Learning Berbantuan Media Kubus Magic Terhadap Kemampuan Berhitung Siswa Kelas I

This study aims to determine the effect of game-based learning model assisted by magic cube media on the numeracy ability of grade I students of MI NA Trasan Bandongan, Magelang District. This research method is pre-experimental with a one group pre-test post-test design model. The research subject were selected using a total sampling technique using the entire class 1 population. The sample used is 20 students. Method of data collection was carried out using a multiple choice test totaling 25 questions. The multiple-choice instrument validation test uses the product moment formula, while reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha formula by SPSS for Windows version 25. Data analysis using non-parametric statistic technique that is Wilcoxon sign rank test by SPSS for Windows version 25. The results of this research shows game-based learning model assisted by magic cube media has a positive effect on the numeracy ability of grade 1 students. This is evidenced from the results of the Wilcoxon sign rank test analysis with the probability of Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 0,000<0,05. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, there is a difference in the average score on the posttest results as musch as 91 and the pretest results with an average score of 73. The results of this research can be conclude that the use of game-based learning model assisted by magic cube media has a positive effect on the numeracy ability of grade 1 students.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Berbantuan Media Kubus Magic Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Materi FPB dan KPK

This study aims to determine the effect of the inquiry learning model assisted by the magic cube media on understanding the concept of FPB and KPK material for IV grade students in Kalisari Village, Tempuran District, Magelang Regency. 
 This type of research is using experimental research with a research design “One Group Pretest Posttest”. The subjects of this study were 15 IV grade students in the Village of Kalisari, Tempuran Subdistrict as the experimental class. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling technique. The data collection technique used a test in the form of multiple choice questions. The data analysis used was the Paired Sample T Test with the help of the SPSS version 24 application program for windows. 
 The conclusion of this study snows that the inquiry learning model assisted by the magic cube media has an effect on the concept of understanding the FPB and KPK material for IV grade students in Kalisari Village, Tempuran Subdistrict. This is proven by the results of the Paired Sample T Test analysis 0,000 < 0,05.