Made In China Research Articles

Enhancing Cross-Border E-Commerce through Speech Act Theory in Live-streaming Discourse

In the context of globalization and the rise of China's economic and cultural influence, cross-border e-commerce Live-streaming has become a crucial medium for introducing Chinese products to international audiences. This paper aims to investigate the linguistic aspects of these Live-streaming using Speech Act Theory. An experiment was conducted to test the feasibility of applying Speech Act Theory to short video e-commerce live webcasts. The study collected web data on pragmatics and analyzed Chinese-English live stream snippets to compare the use of idioms in both languages. The findings suggest that short video e-commerce livestreaming can effectively be integrated with Speech Act Theory. Foreign Live-streaming can promote Chinese culture, boost national pride and cultural self-confidence, and enhance the oral skills of e-commerce training institutions. The study highlights the importance of linguistic scrutiny in cross-border e-commerce Live-streaming. By fostering a friendly, interactive Live-streaming atmosphere tailored for the target language, the international reach of domestic short video live streams can be increased, showcasing "Made in China" from foreign perspectives.

Will Network Infrastructure Optimization Make Manufacturing Enterprises "Out of Real to Virtual"? --- A Quasi-Natural Experiment from the "Broadband China" Policy

Manufacturing is the most important component of the real economy, and the application of modern network information technology can effectively improve the operational efficiency of manufacturing enterprises. In the context of "Made in China 2025", it is particularly important to prevent manufacturing enterprises from deviating from their main business and becoming excessively financialized. Maintaining the essential business activities of manufacturing enterprises is of great importance to China's economic development. Based on the operating data of all A-share listed manufacturing companies from 2010 to 2020 and combining the "Broadband China" demonstration city policy, this paper uses a multi-point double-differenced model to explore the relationship between network infrastructure optimization and excessive financialization of manufacturing enterprises. The research shows that: 1) Network infrastructure optimization will make manufacturing enterprises increase their financialization level, and this effect is mainly manifested through optimizing accounts receivable management. 2) From the perspective of enterprise size, compared with small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, large manufacturing enterprises are more likely to improve their financialization level through network infrastructure optimization. 3) From the perspective of the degree of diversified operations, manufacturing enterprises with high diversified operations are more likely to take advantage of network infrastructure to improve their financialization level. This study provides reference and guidance for later researchers on the impact of "new infrastructure" represented by network infrastructure construction on the business model of manufacturing enterprises.

Financialization and Stock Volatility of Low-/High-Tech Manufacturing Firms in China: The Moderating Role of M&A

ABSTRACT In recent years, the degree of financialization of manufacturing firms may be one of the key factors in the “real to virtual” transition of the Chinese economy. Using data on Chinese listed firms in the low-tech manufacturing sector over the period 2013–2018, this paper examines the relationship between financialization and stock market volatility, and how mergers and acquisitions (M&A) play a moderating role in this relationship. The results show that there is a positive relationship between financialization and stock market volatility, while M&A activity has a negative moderating effect on the relationship. The positive effect of financialization on stock volatility is more pronounced for high-tech firms than for low-tech firms, while the negative moderating effect of M&A on stock volatility is more pronounced for low-tech firms than for high-tech firms. The link between the financialization of high-tech firms and their volatility has been strengthened with the implementation of the Made in China 2025 program. The main conclusions are stabilized after fully accounting for multicollinearity and R&D capital investment. For high-tech firms, financialization has a more pronounced impact on the volatility of non-state-owned firms compared to state-owned firms (SOEs).

Respecting, retaining, recreating: The successful renovation of the Beijing 751 D-Park

Post-industrial sites in Chinese cities are being redeveloped as catalysts for urban regeneration and economic development. Calling the shift from ‘Made in China’ to ‘Created in China’, the Chinese government is encouraging the development of the creative industry to transform post-industrial sites. Successful examples of city renewal projects provide examples of this strategy, tuning into the creative cultures and industrial heritage of these cities and offering platforms for creative enterprises to flourish. This paper describes a recently funded renovation project, Beijing 751 D-Park, which has been undertaken to analyse these opportunities, and offers the initial findings of a case study. It unlocks the development process of the renovation project in terms of its philosophy, design method and planning strategy.

Respecting, retaining, recreating: The successful renovation of the Beijing 751 D-Park

Post-industrial sites in Chinese cities are being redeveloped as catalysts for urban regeneration and economic development. Calling the shift from ‘Made in China’ to ‘Created in China’, the Chinese government is encouraging the development of the creative industry to transform post-industrial sites. Successful examples of city renewal projects provide examples of this strategy, tuning into the creative cultures and industrial heritage of these cities and offering platforms for creative enterprises to flourish. This paper describes a recently funded renovation project, Beijing 751 D-Park, which has been undertaken to analyse these opportunities, and offers the initial findings of a case study. It unlocks the development process of the renovation project in terms of its philosophy, design method and planning strategy.

Research on the Impact of BYD Group’s Green Innovation on Corporate Financial Performance under the Background of “Dual Carbon”

With the increasingly severe global climate change problem, the “dual carbon” goals (peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality) have become a common focus of international attention. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly emphasizes the need to accelerate the green transformation of development models, implement comprehensive strategies for frugal development, support the growth of green and low-carbon industries, and promote the concept of green consumption. At the same time, “Made in China 2025” also elaborates on the strategic concept of innovation-driven and green development centered, and strives for breakthroughs in key industries such as new energy vehicles. In such a macro environment, adopting green innovation measures by enterprises not only contributes to ecological protection but also has an undeniable impact on their economic performance and overall value. This article takes BYD Group as a case study to explore in detail the positive effects of green innovation on its economic performance. We first systematically organized and analyzed BYD’s specific practices in green innovation; Then, by examining three key financial indicators, BYD’s current financial situation was analyzed in depth; On this basis, combined with research data, the positive impact of green innovation on BYD’s financial performance was revealed; Finally, based on the analysis results, relevant suggestions are proposed to provide reference for the sustainable development of enterprises in the context of “dual carbon.”

Autonomous Driving Made in China as Export Hit?

Autonomous Driving Made in China as Export Hit?

Artificial intelligence enabled smart design and manufacturing of advanced materials: The endless Frontier in AI+ era

AbstractFuture‐oriented Science & Technology (S&T) Strategies trigger the innovative developments of advanced materials, providing an envision to the significant progress of leading‐/cutting‐edge science, engineering, and technologies for the next few decades. Motivated by Made in China 2025 and New Material Power Strategy by 2035, several key viewpoints about automated research workflows for accelerated discovery and smart manufacturing of advanced materials in terms of AI for Science and main respective of big data, database, standards, and ecosystems are discussed. Referring to classical toolkits at various spatial and temporal scales, AI‐based toolkits and AI‐enabled computations for material design are compared, highlighting the dominant role of the AI agent paradigm. Our recent developed ProME platform together with its functions is introduced briefly. A case study of AI agent assistant welding is presented, which is consisted of the large language model, auto‐coding via AI agent, image processing, image mosaic, and machine learning for welding defect detection. Finally, more duties are called to educate the next generation workforce with creative minds and skills. It is believed that the transformation of knowledge‐enabled data‐driven integrated computational material engineering era to AI+ era promotes the transformation of smart design and manufacturing paradigm from “designing the materials” to “designing with materials.”

Chinese Direct Investments in Germany

This paper uses current literature and statistics to examine Chinese FDI in Germany in the last decade under the Chinese strategies OBOR and Made in China 2025. First, the general significance and idea of FDIs is laid out. Then worldwide Chinese foreign investment strategies are analyzed and linked to geographic regions and specific goals. A more in-depth analysis follows the Chinese capital flow into Europe and Germany in particular, followed by a spotlight discussion of single investment cases. The overall legislative reaction to China’s investment behavior in Europe and Germany is lined out. Finally, the current situation is discussed in the light of other macroeconomic factors to conclude the possible future investment behavior of China in Germany. The paper concludes with a summary of the results.

From the Perspective of Service and Transformation: How to Develop Small and Medium-Sized Electromechanical Enterprises - Based on "Changzhou Jiutian Electromechanical"

In recent years, with the continuous development of society, the mechanical and electrical industry technology continues to update, so that the mechanical and electrical automation in many fields show multi-function, high efficiency, green environmental protection, and other characteristics, the use of mechanical and electrical equipment in people's life and production of more and more high proportion. Based on this, Liyang City, Jiangsu Province has created a new pattern of "one core park and many bases" with Zhongguancun Science and Technology Industrial Park as the core and the township's characteristic industrial base as the auxiliary. Promoted the development of new industries, new enterprises, and new products, so that Liyang agriculture and animal husbandry machinery and other advanced manufacturing industries rapidly rise. With the fierce competition, the company has gained 65% of the domestic market share, and the 1.2 billion yuan company is working to build a global high-end grain machinery production base, transforming "Made in Europe and America" to "Made in China". How small and medium-sized mechanical and electrical enterprises survive in the fierce competition has triggered thinking. In this case, utilizing field investigation and online interview, the strategic analysis of Changzhou Jiutian Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd TD was conducted using the Porter five force model and Boston matrix analysis. Changzhou Jiutian Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd., as a small and medium-sized electromechanical enterprise, needs to stand firm in the current competitive environment. Our research shows that we should start with the service and transformation strategy to realize the self-development of enterprises.

China's Economic Development Policy: An Analysis

This study aims to analyze several developmental policies of the Chinese government that have helped China in becoming a major global power. Several elements, such as its policy initiatives, global commerce, and investments, have been studied to analyze China's economic expansion and its political influence globally. This study examines the applicable literature through qualitative research methods to shed light on the role that China's developmental strategies played in the country's rise to global dominance. The study also considers how these policies have an impact on the country's progress and its rise as a major power. Although almost all policies were inspected yet results showed that the reforming and open-up policy of China is the key driver to its rise including the "Made in China 2025" program, and the "Belt and Road" plan as the most important initiatives. Developing nations should learn from China's effective infrastructure development, innovation, and economic policies.

State interests or local interests? An investigation of Chinese prefectural-level cities’ behaviour in response to national policy implementation

Through a study of the behaviour of already debt-ridden local governments in response to the Made in China 2025 policy, this paper explores whether local governments prioritized State interests over local interests, when their financial involvement was required. Deploying a panel data analysis for more than 280 prefectural-level cities, this paper finds that, despite having been subject to an “Administrative Subcontract” arrangement under which the Central Government appoints top local officials, local economic/debt interests were prioritized over national policy implementation under fiscal decentralization. Instead of promoting infrastructure development, the Made in China 2025 policy provided an opportunity for local governments to raise capital via Local Government Financing Vehicles (LGFV) primarily for debt refinancing, despite the State's numerous attempts to control the growth of local government/LGFV debt. Some policy implications concerning i) the effectiveness of national policy implementation on local levels under “Administrative Subcontract” and ii) the debt situations of prefectural-level Chinese cities and their effects on China's economy in general are then discussed.

Political Economy of STI in China: Analyzing Official Discourse on Science, Technology and Innovation-Driven Development in the Contemporary China

Science, technology, and Innovation (STI) have been the cornerstone of China’s Reform and Opening-up processes. Employing a hybrid methodology, including textual analysis, this paper asserts that four decades of reform and opening-up have witnessed STI’s pivotal role across sectors despite numerous challengesб such as economic slowdown, growing disparities, environmental issues, and a huge burden on the state-owned enterprises. China’s substantial investments in the Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies, including Artificial Intelligence and New Energy Vehicles, exemplify its commitment to innovation, reflected in over 2.5% of GDP allocated for research and development in 2022. This robust investment has bolstered China’s innovative capabilities and brought about its high ranking on the Global Innovation Index. In Chinese STI politics and policy-making, the programs like MLP-2006, SEI-2010 and Made in China 2025 have created a watershed moment. Three central research questions guide our exploration: the trajectory of policy framing on STI-Driven development, the theoretical underpinnings of Innovation-Driven Development and Green Development in Chinese STI politics, and the significance of these paradigms in China’s context. This paper also hypothesizes the emergence of two distinct trajectories within China’s STI politics through the adoption of Innovation-Driven Development and Green Development, positioning STI at the core of China’s development paradigm. The study thoroughly dissects China’s official discourse, framing these paradigms within the Sustainable Development context and highlighting their crucial roles in China’s journey toward technological advancement and sustainability. The analysis of the evolution of China’s STI policy as portrayed in official discourse offers insights into the strategic role played by science, technology, and Innovation in moulding China’s socio-economic trajectory alongside global implications stemming from its transformative development agenda.

A double machine learning model for measuring the impact of the Made in China 2025 strategy on green economic growth

The transformation and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry is supported by smart and green manufacturing, which have great potential to empower the nation’s green development. This study examines the impact of the Made in China 2025 industrial policy on urban green economic growth. This study applies the super-slacks-based measure model to measure cities’ green economic growth, using the double machine learning model, which overcomes the limitations of the linear setting of traditional causal inference models and maintains estimation accuracy under high-dimensional control variables, to conduct an empirical analysis based on panel data of 281 Chinese cities from 2006 to 2021. The results reveal that the Made in China 2025 strategy significantly drives urban green economic growth, and this finding holds after a series of robustness tests. A mechanism analysis indicates that the Made in China 2025 strategy promotes green economic growth through green technology progress, optimizing energy consumption structure, upgrading industrial structure, and strengthening environmental supervision. In addition, the policy has a stronger driving effect for cities with high manufacturing concentration, industrial intelligence, and digital finance development. This study provides valuable theoretical insights and policy implications for government planning to promote high-quality development through industrial policy.

The complementary effects of ‘Made in China 2025’ industrial policy and trade liberalisation on China’s export of relevant products

ABSTRACT This research explores the synergy between China's 'Made in China 2025' (MIC25) policy and trade liberalization through FTAs, particularly their effect on export margins. Analyzing China's MIC25 product exports from 2011-2019 using DID models, it was found that post-MIC25 implementation, relevant exports saw marked growth in both intensive and quantity margins. Regression analysis revealed the China-Korea FTA significantly improved the quality or price margins of China's MIC25 exports to Korea. The increase in price margins was notably higher in FTA-partner countries. These findings indicate that FTAs enhance industrial policies by bettering market access and reducing costs for high-quality MIC25 products. This study adds to the discourse on trade liberalization and industrial policy's role in export performance, offering valuable insights for policymakers and businesses to understand trade policy impacts and craft industrial strategies complemented by trade liberalization.

Право, информационное общество, цифровой суверенитет

Introduction. The rapid development of digital technologies has led to significant changes in various spheres of public life. The species classification of the modern world is based on the fact that the era of the information society is coming. Its characteristics were defined in the Okinawa Charter of the Global Information Society. Empirical analysis. The author presents an overview of the strategies for innovative technological development adopted in the Russian Federation under the influence of the development of digital technologies. The relevance of the formation of the concept of digital sovereignty is shown. The researcher conducted a comparative legal study which indicated that digital sovereignty was originally presented in the legal systems of the European Union countries. Foreign approaches to the formation of a new legal order, conditioned by the development of digitalization, are outlined. The article highlights the features of the German concept “Industry 4.0”, the Japanese concept “Society 5.0”, and the Chinese concept “Made in China 2025”. Theoretical analysis. The main trend of digitalization is decentralization, which affects not only the economies of countries, but also the public administration system. Its general consequences are highlighted: the emergence of competition between states (which leads to the expansion of axiology, and not just technology); a change in the concept of public administration in the context of growing horizontal connections (the emergence of the concept of “the state as a platform”); priority of data (in electronic form) as a condition for the economic, political and social development of the state. Results. The acceleration of the technological process has an impact on the socio-political sphere. The law does not have time to react to changes; the formed reality itself dictates those rules that are formed outside of political instruments. This also leads to the transformation of traditional state institutions, which forces us to rethink the very understanding of the modern state.

What drives equipment manufacturing enterprises green technology innovation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt? A configuration analysis based on DEA-fsQCA model

Under the dual backdrop of the “dual-carbon” goal and the strategic goal of "Made in China 2025", the equipment manufacturing industry, as the "industrial mother machine", has to undergo a green, low-carbon transformation. Green technology innovation is an essential component of achieving green transformation. Therefore, their green technology innovation efficiency (GTIE) deserves in-depth examination to achieve the "double carbon" goal. The aim of this study is to reveal the possible paths and models for equipment manufacturing enterprises to obtain high GTIE from a configuration perspective. Based on 94 listed equipment manufacturing companies' green technology innovation data in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) from 2018 to 2021, this paper explores the GTIE and its combination improvement path with a DEA-fsQCA model. The results indicate that: (1) The average efficiency score of the sample was 0.506, only 16 enterprises reached the production frontier, and the overall GTIE in equipment manufacturing industries as a whole showed a "first drop and then a steady upward" trend from 2018 to 2021; (2) The results of heterogeneity analysis revealed that the level of GTIE showed a characteristic of the upstream region > downstream region > midstream region, foreign-invested enterprises > private-owned enterprises> state-owned enterprises, and there is significant industrial heterogeneity, with a GTIE difference of up to 0.478 between the industries with the strongest green technologys innovation ability and those with the weakest. (3) A single conditional variable cannot constitute the necessary condition for high GTIE. There are four combination paths that can produce high GTIE: PCW+ MP-dual driven, PCW+ Fin-dual driven, COCEN-oriented, and COCEN+MP-dual driven. Further analysis shows that there is a substitution effect between the absence of the financing constraint and the existence of market power. This study provides a scientific basis for facilitating the improvement of YREB's equipment manufacturing industry's green technology innovation capabilities.

Does “Made in China 2025” work for China? Evidence from Chinese listed firms

Economic theories have shown that industrial policy's effectiveness in fostering innovation hinges on its ability to address market failures, stimulate creative destruction, and avert adverse foreign reactions. Conversely, distortions induced by the policy and foreign countermeasures can impede its success. In this paper, we use information extracted from Chinese listed firms' financial reports and a difference-in-differences approach to examine how the “Made in China 2025” policy initiative has impacted firms' innovation and productivity outcomes. Our findings reveal that while targeted firms by the policy seem to receive increased innovation subsidies and display some indications of a heightened R&D/sales ratio, statistically significant improvements in patenting and productivity are lacking. These results cast doubt on the efficacy of the “Made in China 2025” initiative in achieving its intended goal of promoting the innovation capability of targeted firms, highlighting the theoretical and practical complexities of innovation-focused industrial policies.

How Does China Conduct Industrial Policy: Analyzing Words Versus Deeds

This paper analyzes how China’s industrial policy works focusing on the setting of objectives (“words”) and their implementation (“deeds”). In particular, we investigate how objectives vary across central and local Five-Year Plans (FYPs), in terms of industry preferences, and also compare such objectives with those included in China’s landmark industrial policy, “Made in China 2025.” Notwithstanding China’s centralization of policy planning, we find relevant sectoral differences between central and provincial planning and key industrial policy documents. Secondly, we look at how decisions are made in the realm of China’s industrial policy (“deeds”). To this end, we assess empirically why certain companies are selected under the most recent grand industrial policy strategy, the 10,000 Little Giants, a spin-off of “Made in China 2025.” Out of the key four criteria of selection (i.e., “words”), one is missed in most cases, namely the concentration of the business activity in the relevant sector. Secondly, the intensity of R&D is only significant in the most recent batches of selected companies. For the last two (revenue generation and leverage), there is no noticeable difference between the selected companies and the others. Our results point to the complexities in conducting industrial policy in China as words and deeds do not necessarily align.

Assessing business readiness for Industry 4.0: A bibliometric analysis of research trends

This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the state of readiness assessment for enterprises in the context of Industry 4.0. It examines the most influential authors, countries, and journals in this field, identifies key research themes, and explores the evolving landscape of Industry 4.0. By bibliometric analysis, this study uncovers the intricate network of co-authorship and co-citation among researchers, journals, and countries. The analysis underscores the dominance of China in terms of both publication volume and citation impact, driven by its strategic "Made in China 2025" plan. The United States and India also make substantial contributions, reflecting the global nature of Industry 4.0 research. The key themes in this area include digital transformation, IT innovations, production, and supply chain management. This study pinpoints three distinct clusters of journals, demonstrating the multidisciplinary nature of Industry 4.0. In addition, a co-occurrence analysis of keywords highlights the most prevalent themes, including Industry 4.0, frameworks, big data, and performance. This research offers valuable insights into the research landscape, informing scholars and industry stakeholders of key players, trends, and emerging areas in assessing enterprise readiness for Industry 4.0.