Macular Fovea Thickness Research Articles

Association of Physical Activity with Retinal Thickness and Vascular Structure in Elderly Chinese Population

Introduction: We aimed to assess the association of physical activity (PA) with retinal thickness and vascular structure in an elderly Chinese population. Methods: This study enrolled 220 retirees aged 50 years and above from Tianjin University of Sport, China. PA data gathered through the International Physical Activity Questionnaires were computed for metabolic equivalent of task-minutes per week. All participants underwent full ophthalmic examination including optical coherence tomography angiography. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of PA with retinal thickness and vascular structure. Results: A high amount of total PA was associated with smaller size of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (high vs. low: area, β = −0.04; circumference β = −0.14) and greater central vessel density (VD) (β = 1.04) and perfusion density (PD) (β = 0.02). For domain-specific PA, participants with high and moderate recreational PA levels were found to have greater central VDs and PDs. Nonleisure activities demonstrated negative relationship with FAZ perimeter ratio (moderate vs. low: β = −0.08; high vs. low: β = −0.13) and, counter-intuitively, negative relation with VDs measured at the inner (high vs. low: β = −0.98) and outer retinal layers (high vs. low: β = −0.38). Additionally, higher levels of total PA were related to increased macular fovea thickness and average thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer. Conclusions: High PA level, particularly recreational PA, was associated with smaller FAZ and greater VD and PD in senior adults. Nonleisure-time PA might not confer the same health benefits as leisure-time PA. Our data support a possible protective role of recreational PA in the retina against microvascular changes.

Macular Toxicity of Low-Concentration Cefuroxime during Cataract Surgery in Vitrectomized Eyes

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the toxic effect and clinical characteristics of 1 mg/mL cefuroxime sodium on retinas after phacoemulsification in vitrectomized eyes. Methods: Cataract patients with vitrectomized eyes were studied retrospectively. Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation was performed uneventfully. Best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus photography, macular central thickness, and angiography were collected and analyzed. They were studied in patients with macular edema to evaluate macular toxicity. Results: Ninety two cases (92 eyes) were enrolled, including 44 eyes of males and 48 eyes of females with an average age of 55.35 ± 12.32 years. Univariate analysis showed that the intraoperative use of balanced salt solution containing 1 mg/mL cefuroxime sodium compound electrolyte and macular involvement in primary vitrectomy were important risk factors for macular edema on the first day after cataract surgery (p < 0.05). In addition, the characteristics of this kind of macular edema were studied; the thickness of macular fovea was significantly high at 1-day follow-up (p < 0.05), but there was no difference between pre-operation and 1-week post-operation (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Low-concentration cefuroxime sodium can cause acute macular edema in vitrectomized eyes, which can heal within 1 week after surgery.

Macular and Optic Disc Parameters in Children with Amblyopic and Nonamblyopic Eyes under Optical Coherence Tomography Fundus Images.

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of macular and optic disc parameters in children with amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes, using fundus images under optical coherence tomography (OCT). 36 patients with anisometropic amblyopia were selected in the experimental group, and another 36 healthy volunteers were selected in the control group, OCT examinations were performed in all groups, and the mean diopter, mean corrected visual acuity (CVA), mean axial length, mean optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and mean macular fovea thickness were recorded in the two groups. The results found that the average diopter of the patients in the control group and the experimental group was +2.30 ± 2.54 D and +5.51 ± 1.76 D, respectively. The average CVA was 0.86 ± 0.07 and 0.22 ± 0.16, respectively; the average eye axial length was 22.41 ± 1.20 mm and 21.11 ± 0.78 mm, respectively. As P < 0.05, the differences were statistically significant in the three indicators between the two groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the average thickness of the RNFL of the optic disc and the average thickness of the central fovea of macula (P > 0.05). There was some correlation among CVA, diopter, eye axial length, RNFL thickness, and average thickness of macular fovea, but the correlation was not significant. It was suggested that there were certain differences in the macular and optic disc parameters between amblyopic and nonamblyopic children, but the difference is little. Thereout, a certain objective basis was provided for the early detection and treatment of amblyopia.

Association of cigarette smoking with retinal thickness and vascular structure in an elderly Chinese population

BackgroundTo explore the association of cigarette smoking with retinal thickness and vascular structure in an elderly Chinese population. MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled employees and retirees aged over 50 years at Tianjin University of Sport from October 2020 to December 2020. Information on smoking status and lifestyle was obtained using a detailed questionnaire. All participants underwent full ophthalmic examination. OCTA image was acquired. Vascular and the thickness parameters in central fovea and peripapillary parameters were automatically calculated. Multiple linear regression analyses were utilized to assess the association of smoking with retinal thickness and vascular structure after controlling potential confounders. ResultsCompared with non-smoking adults, current smokers (β=-36.78; P = 0.01) and ever smokers (β=-35.45; P = 0.00) tended to have thinner macular fovea. Cigarettes daily, pack-years of smoking and CSI were negatively related to macular thickness (cigarettes daily: β=-1.43; pack-years: β=-14.73; CSI: β=-14.70), while they were positively associated with the circumference (cigarettes daily: β=0.03; pack-years: β=0.30; CSI: β=0.31) and the area of FAZ (cigarettes daily: β=0.01; pack-years: β=0.07). ConclusionsCigarette smoking seems associated with decreased macular fovea thickness and elevated circumference and area of the FAZ compared to non-smokers. Our data add to evidence of smoking on retinal thickness and the microvascular system in the macular area.

Effect of hypothermic perfusion on phacoemulsification in cataract patients complicated with uveitis: a randomised trial

BackgroundTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of hypothermic perfusion in the phacoemulsification of cataract caused by uveitis.MethodsThis was a prospective, single-masked, randomised, controlled clinical trial. One hundred and six patients with uveitis-associated cataract underwent phacoemulsification with perfusion fluid temperature at 4 °C (treatment group) or 24 °C (control group). Anterior chamber inflammation grade, corneal endothelial cell count, corneal thickness, macular fovea thickness, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were observed on the 1st day and 7th day after operation.ResultsThe aqueous flare score was 0.83 ± 0.76 in the 4 °C group, which was lower than that in the 24 °C group (1.51 ± 1.02, p = 0.006) on the first day after operation. The aqueous cells score was lower in the 4 °C group (0.17 ± 0.38) than that in the 24 °C group (0.62 ± 0.94, p = 0.025). The mean corneal thickness of incision in the 4 °C group (907.66 ± 85.37 μm) was thinner than that in the 24 °C group (963.75 ± 103.81 μm, p = 0.005). Corneal endothelial cells density, macular fovea thickness, or percentage of transiently increased IOP showed no difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in all the main outcome parameters between the two groups on the 7th day after operation (p > 0.05).ConclusionsHypothermic perfusion in the phacoemulsification of uveitis-associated cataract is safe, and it can effectively inhibit anterior chamber inflammation and reduce the incisional corneal edema in the early postoperative stage.Trial registrationThe study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. (http://www.chictr.org.cn/, Registration Number: ChiCTR1800016145).

Clinical value of ranibizumab combined with fundus laser in the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion

Objective To investigate the clinical value of ranibizumab combined with fundus laser in the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(RVO). Methods From June 2016 to June 2017, 98 patients with RVO secondary macular edema in the People's Hospital of Linfen were randomly divided into three groups according to the digital table: A group (30 cases) treated with simple fundus laser, B group (33 cases) treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, C group(35 cases) treated with fundus laser combined with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab.The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), macular fovea thickness(CMT), leakage rate, injection times and complications were compared among the three groups before and after treatment. Results At 3, 6, 9, 12 months after treatment, the BCVA among A group, B group and C group had statistically significant differences (F=4.165, 5.021, 6.954, all P<0.05), and the BCVA of C group was better than that of B group, the BCVA of B group was better than that of A group (t=3.985, 3.852, 3.779, 4.021, 3.624, 3.729, all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in CMT among A group, B group and C group at 3 months and 6 months after treatment (F=6.772, 14.025, all P<0.05), and the CMT of C group was less than that of B group, the CMT of B group was less than that of A group (t=5.325, 11.251, 3.992, 6.895, all P<0.05). At 6 months after treatment, the leakage rate in C group (2.86%) was lower than that in B group (18.18%), the leakage rate in B group was lower than that in A group (23.33%) (χ2=6.148, P<0.05). The injection times of ranibizumab in B group was (2.93±1.52), which was significantly less than that in C group (2.00±0.56)(t=3.349, P<0.05). Conclusion The short-term clinical effect of ranibizumab combined with fundus laser in the treatment of macular edema secondary to RVO is better than laser therapy and ranibizumab alone, and the injection times of ranibizumab can be reduced. Key words: Retinal vein occlusion; Macular edema; Retinal vessels; Fundus oculi; Laser therapy; Comparative effectiveness research; Rezumab

Clinical study of razumab combined with 25G transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy in the treatment of 29 patients with idiopathic macular anterior membrane

Objective To investigate the effect of razumab combined with 25 G transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy in patients with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMEM). Methods 57 cases (57 eyes) of IMEM patients in our hospital were divided into two groups according to random number table. 28 cases in the control group were treated with 25G transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy, and 29 cases in the observation group were treated with rezumab on the basis of the control group.The improvement of visual acuity, changes of macular fovea thickness (central foveal thickness, CFT), serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the two groups were observed and compared. The changes of intraocular pressure before treatment and at different time points (1 weeks, 1 months, 3 months) after treatment and incidence of complications in two groups were statistically analyzed. Results 3 months after treatment, the improvement rate of visual acuity in the observation group was 75.86% (22/29), higher than that in the control group 50% (14/28) (P 0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 10.34% (3/29), while that in the control group was 7.14% (2/28), with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The combination of rezumab and 25G transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy can reduce the CFT of IMEM patients, improve their levels of serum ICAM-1 and VEGF, and improve their vision. Besides, it has little influence on intraocular pressure and fewer complications. Key words: Ranibizumab; Conjunctiva; Vitrectomy; Macula lutea; Retina

临床实际中应用抗VEGF药物治疗视网膜静脉阻塞性黄斑水肿的现状及疗效观察

目的：分析临床实际中玻璃体腔注射抗新生血管生成因子类药物治疗视网膜静脉阻塞性黄斑水肿的实际状况，并进一步分析其可能原因，以便为临床治疗决策提供进一步的指导。方法：回顾性非随机临床病例研究，共收集研究期间，在我院所有行玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子(anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, anti-VEGF)类药物治疗的视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion, RVO)患者61例(62只眼) (去除失访5人)纳入研究，记录患者的年龄、性别、全身病史，注射药物的种类，注射的次数，以及视力情况、黄斑中心凹的厚度改变等；以分析临床治疗中的实际情况。结果：共有男性30例(31只眼)、女性31例(31只眼)纳入研究，平均年龄(58.75 ± 19.30)岁，其中BRVO50例(50只眼)，CRVO11例(12只眼)；合并有糖尿病等全身疾病的患者比例达56.7%；从患病到就诊的平均时间从6天到2年不等；雷珠单抗注射液与康柏西普注射液的使用频次比为3比1；玻璃体腔注射一次的占45.9%，注射2次及3次的分别占18%及23%，而注射3次以上的为13.1%；黄斑中心凹的平均厚度由治疗前的477.35 ± 202.21微米，降低到随访结束时的259.24 ± 99.52微米，注射治疗后黄斑中心凹的厚度平均减少了218.12微米，差异具有统计学意义。视力由治疗前的平均4.23 ± 0.52提高到随访结束时的平均4.60 ± 0.43，平均提高3行，差异具有统计学意义。除2例在研究期间发生心梗、脑梗外，无新发的眼部及其他全身的并发症。终止治疗原因中，53%由于临床治愈，25%因经济原因放弃治疗，其他原因包括全身心脑血管病发作，高龄等。结论：视网膜静脉阻塞是常见 的眼底疾病，分支静脉阻塞比中央静脉阻塞发病率更高，合并全身疾病的比例高；抗VEGF类药物对视网膜静脉阻塞性黄斑水肿的治疗是有效的，注射治疗后黄斑中心凹的厚度平均减少了218.12微米，视力平均提高3行；注射治疗方案不一，非病情原因影响治疗的最主要原因是经济原因。 Objective: To study the actual state of anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of macular edema of retinal vein occlusion. Further analyses were also made to provide further guidance for clinical decision. Methods: This is a retrospective nonrandomized clinical case study. A total collection of 62 eyes of 61 patients with macula edema of retinal vein occlusion had been involved in the study (5 patients were excluded to losing the follow-up). The age, the gender, the general disease history, the intra-vitreal injection times and the classes of anti-VEGF drugs were observed. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the thickness of macular fovea were also observed. Results: A total of 30 males (31 eyes) and 31 females (31 eyes) were included in the study, with an average age (58.75 ± 19.30), of which BRVO50 (50 eyes), CRVO11 (12 eyes); the proportion of patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes was 56.7%. The average time from illness to visit ranged from 6 days to 2 years; and the frequency of using Ranibizumab is three times to that of using Conpercept. The patients with only one intra-vitreal injection were occupied 45.9 percent. Those with two or three injections were occupied 18 and 23 percent. And those with more than three times injections were occupied 13.1 percent. The average of the BCVA was 4.23 ± 0.52 before the treatment, and it was 4.60 ± 0.43 at the end of the follow-up. All patients gained increased BCVA by three lines through operation. There are statistical differences between the BCVA of postoperation and preoperation. The average thickness of the macular fovea was reduced from 477.35 ± 202.21 micrometers to 259.24 ± 99.52 micrometers. And the thickness of macular fovea was decreased by 218.12 micrometer through operation averagely. And there are statistical differences between the thickness of macular fovea of postoperation and preoperation also. In addition to 2 cases of myo-cardial infarction and cerebral infarction during the study, there were no new ophthalmic and other systemic complications. The reason for the termination of the treatment is 53 percent due to clinical recover, 25 percent for economic reasons, and other causes including the onset of cardiovascular disease, and the eldest age, etc. Conclusion: Retinal vein occlusion is a common fundus disease, with a higher incidence of branch vein occlusion than central vein occlusion and a high proportion of systemic diseases. The application of intra-vitreal anti-VEGF injection for the treatment of macula edema of retinal vein occlusion was effective. All patients gained increased BCVA by three lines through operation. And the thickness of macular fovea was decreased by 218.12 micrometer through operation averagely. The treatment protocols were not all the same. The main reason for the unwished termination of treatment was economy.

Refractive shift following the combination of phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and vitrectomy in the eyes with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane

Background Idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMEM) combined with age-related cataract (ARC)is a common eye disease and the primary managing approach is the combination of phacoemulsification,intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and vitrectomy.However,whether the ocular length measured by IOL Master is accurate for the calculation of IOL refraction in the eye with IMEM remains unclear.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the refractive outcomes of combination surgery of phacoemulsification,IOL implantation and vitrectomy in IMEM eyes.Methods A prospective cohort study was designed.Forty-two eyes of 42 patients with IMEM combined with ARC (IMEM+ARC group) were enrolled in Peking University People's Hospital and the combination of phacoemulsification,IOL implantation and vitrectomy was performed from September 2010 to August 2011,and 47 eyes of 47 patients with ARC were included for the phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation in the corresponding period (ARC group) under the approval of Ethic Committee of Peking University People's Hospital and informed consent of the patients.Ocular length and corneal curvature were measured using IOL Master,and the expected IOL diopter was calculated with SRK-T formula.Regular eye examination and medical optometry were performed 1 month and 3 months after operation to obtain the actual diopter and the refractive error.The outcomes were compared between the two groups.The correlations of refractive error with change of fovea thickness were evaluated after operation in the IMEM+ARC group.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the age,ocular length and corneal curvature between the two groups before operation (P =0.863,0.704,0.770).The visual acuity was improved 3 months after operation in comparison with before operation in both groups (P=0.001,0.000).The negative diopters were obviously higher 1 month and 3 months after operation than those before operation in both groups (all at P＜0.001),but no significant difference was seen between the IMEM+ ARC group and ARC group (Fgroup =0.417,P =0.520).The diopter deviations 1 month and 3 months after operation were (-0.727±0.666)D and (-0.628±0.627)D in the IMEM+ARC group,and those in the ARC group were (-0.664±0.644) D and (-0.642±0.550) D,showing insignificant differences between the two groups (Fgroup =0.036,P =0.849 ; Ftime =1.523,P =0.221).In IMEM + ARC group,the macular fovea thickness was (474.89 ± 135.76)μm in preoperation,and the shift values of macular fovea thickness were (-83.84 ±91.12)μm and (-158.53±113.03) μm in postoperative 1 month and 3 months.No positive correlations were presented between the diopter deviations and change of fovea thickness 1 month and 3 months after operation in the IMEM+ARC group (r=0.200,P =0.229 ; r =0.065,P =0.698).Conclusions Myopia shift after operation is similar in the IMEM combined with ARC patients to the only ARC patients,suggesting that the ocular length and corneal curvature measured by IOL Master is not affected by epiretinal membrane. Key words: Idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane/surgery; Cataract/surgery; Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation; Vitrectomy; Refraction; Ocular axis; Myopic sift; Bio-measurement

The hereditary types and clinical characteristics of 137 patients with retinitis pigmentosa in Ningxia

Objective To observe the hereditary types and clinical characteristics of 137 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in Ningxia. MethodsOne hundred and thirty-seven patients with RP who diagnosed by the examinations of visual acuity, optometry, direct or indirect ophthalmoscope, visual field,optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinogram were enrolled. The hereditary types and clinical characteristics were analyzed according to the family history and the results of ophthalmologic examinations.Results One hundred and thirty-seven patients included 29 autosomal dominant RP (ADRP) patients from 8 families (7.4％), 16 autosomal recessive RP (ARRP) patients from 15 families (13. 9％), 10 X-linked RP (XLRP) from 3 families (2.8％), and 82 simplex RP (SRP) patients (75.9％). There were 15consanguineous marriage families out of 26 families with RP history (57.7 ％). The patients were classified as typical RP (102 patients, 74.5％) and atypical RP (35 patients, 25.5％). All the ADRP and XLRP patients showed typical clinical features of RP. Ten (62.5％) of ARRP patients and 53 (64.6％) of SRP patients had typical features of RP. Six (37.5％) of ARRP patients and 29 (35.4％) of SRP patients had atypical features of RP. Among atypical RP patients, 17 (48. 6％) patients were non-pigmented RP which including 3 patients were misdiagnosed as amblyopia during childhood. The logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ADRP patients was 1.04±0.51 at the age older than 51 years, while the BCVA of ARRP and XLRP patients were 0. 92+0. 61 and 1. 70±0. 02 respectively at 21 to 30 years of age. One hundred and twenty-three (89. 8%) patients suffered from varying degrees of myopia. OCT showed that the average thickness of macular fovea in ADRP patients was ( 185. 73 + 1. 23) μm at the age older than 51 years, while in ARRP and XLRP patients were (173. 21 ± 0. 98) and (170. 49+1. 15) μm respectively at 21 to 30 years of age. Conclusions ADRP and XLRP are typical RP. All atypical RP are ARRP and SRP. Non-pigmented RP are mainly seen in atypical RP which often misdiagnosed as amblyopia during childhood. The photoreceptors in macula are damaged in the early stage and the decline of visual acuity occurred at 21 to 30 years of age in patients with ARRP and XLRP. The ADRP patients has late slower decline of visual acuity and retain some visual acuity at the age older than 51 years. Key words: Retinitis Pigmentosa/genetics; Disease attributes

Comparision of multifocal electroretinogram and optical coherence tomography in diabetic retinopathy before and after photocoagulation

Objective To investigate the influence of photocoagulation on macular function and morphous in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods Forty eyes of thirty patients with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) were examined by multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and 2,7,and 14 days after photocoagulation.The results were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance and t test;the changes of macular function and macular fovea thickness were detected and observed.Results P1 response densities of ring 1,3,and 5 were 131.79±50.92,37.50±17.27,24.07±11.49,respectively,2 days after photocoagulation;and were 212.96±53.75,46.70±15.89,and 30.91±10.78,respectively,before photocoagulation.The densities before and after photocoagulation differed much(t=7.910,2.174,2.205;P＜0.05).N1 response density of ring 4 was(60.39±20.69) and the pre-photocoagulation corresponding response density was ( 107.11±44.63);the difference was significant(t=5.375,P＜0.01).The latency of P1 of ring 4 was(41.83±3.41),which had significant statistically difference (t=-2.770,P＜0.05 ) with that before photocoagulation ( 39.52±2.64);there was no significant changes in the latency of N1 (P＞0.05).The most significant changes of P1 and N1 response densities occurred in the central macular 5° area.Seven days after photocoagulation,the response density of P1 and N1 in the central macular 5° area seemed to be recoverd to some extend and increased to (179.70±47.10)and (81.11±34.18) respectively until 14 days after photocoagulation,which was still much lower than that before the photocoagulation (t=3.840,2.746;P＜0.05) ;the response densities of other areas had no significant differences (P＞0.05).Seven days after photocoagulation,the latency of P1 in ring 4 was delayed to(41.78±3.57),which had significant difference(t =-3.144,P＜0.01)with that before the photocoagulation(39.52±2.64);but there was no significant difference between 14 days after photocoagulation and pre-photocoagulation (t=-1.809,P＞0.05).The latency of N1 in ring 1 was(20.67±3.85) at seven days after photocoagulation,It had no significant difference (t=-1.171,P＞0.05) with that before the phtocoaguation( 18.78±3.29).Before and 2 days after photocoagulation,the macular fovea thickness were(224.42±122.88)and(274.85±108.20)respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.120,P＜0.05 ).Forteen days after photocoagulation,the macular fovea thickness was(236.29±70.45),It had no significant difference with that before the photocoagulation(t=-0.578,P＞0.05).Before and seven days after photocoagulation,P1 response density had obvious negative correlation with corresponding macular fovea thickness ( r=-0.755,P＜0.01;r =-0.594,P＜0.05 ).Conclusions After photocoagulation in patients with DR,the macular function decreased in a certain degree,and the relationship of macular retinal function and macular morphology changes was close;combination of mfERG and OCT can evaluate macular function and macular morphology structure comprehensively and objectively. Key words: Electroretinography/utilization; Tomography; optical coherence/utilization; Diabetic retinopathy/therapy; Laser coagulation/utilization

Epidemiology of diabetic macular edema in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Beixinjing District of Shanghai

To investigate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) in Beixinjing District, and analyze the image characteristics of their Optical coherence tomography (OCT), so as to evaluate the correlation among DME and the grade of DR as well as posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). In a prospective study, OCT was performed in 151 eyes of 100 type 2 diabetes patients with DR and 102 normal eyes as control subjects. 795 cases were examined, and 215 of them were diagnosed to have DR. The average thickness of macular fovea was 195.56 microm in 151 eyes from 100 random sampling. 46 eyes had macular thickening. Three characteristics were found in the images of OCT in the patients with DME: sponge-like retinal swelling in 35 eyes (76.1%), macular cystoid edema in 8 eyes (17.4%), and serous retinal detachment in 3 eyes (6.5%). The statistical analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the thickness of macular fovea and negative correlation with best-corrected visual acuity (r = 0.2869, P = 0.0004). There was statistic significance between the severity of DR and DME (P = 0.0003). But there was no statistic significance between DME and PVD. The prevalence of DME is 37.1% in this district. Three type images of OCT were demonstrated in DME. The macular thickness is correlated with the severity of DR regardless of PVD.

Retinal thickness of laser radiating zone after photodynamic therapy

To observe changes of retinal thickness after photodynamic therapy (PDT) for patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and evaluate the effect of retinal edema after PDT. PDT was performed on 27 eyes of 25 patients with subfoveal CNV, the spot diameter of laser beam was 1.8 - 4.3 mm (average 2.9 mm), OCT was used to evaluate the changes of retinal thickness including the retinal thickness of macular fovea and 3 mm laser radiating zone 24 hour 1 week, 1 month, 3 month after PDT. Retinal thickness was compared before PDT and 24 h, 1 week, 1 month, 3 month after PDT respectively. Retinal thickness of fovea before PDT and 24 h, 1 week, 1 month, 3 month was (278.07 +/- 85.31), (324.52 +/- 96.08), (242.74 +/- 67.40), (234.26 +/- 51.04) microm and (239.73 +/- 52.81) microm respectively, the average retinal thickness of 3 mm laser radiating zone was (266.71 +/- 60.82), (309.25 +/- 82.69), (257.48 +/- 52.48), (245.44 +/- 47.54) microm and (244.88 +/- 44.22) microm respectively. There was statistical significance before PDT compared with 24 h, 1 month, 3 month after PDT (P < 0.01). The result of our study indicate that retinal thickness of laser radiating zone increases apparently 24 h after PDT and regresses during the first week. It suggest that retinal edema after PDT may due to the leakage from the CNV, increased permeability in choroid and retina of laser radiating zone, and transient dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelial cells.