Diversity Of Macrozoobenthos Research Articles

Macrozoobentos Diversity In The Mangrove Ecosystem In Bagan Asahan Village, North Sumatra Province

Macrozoobenthos are organisms that live by crawling, sticking, burrowing, and burrowing both at the bottom of the water and on the surface of the water bottom. Macrozoobenthos that live in mangrove areas mostly live on hard sediments to mud. The existence of macrozoobenthos can be influenced by various environmental factors such as the physical, chemical, and biological properties of water. This research aims to determine diversity, uniformity, and the macrozoobenthos dominance of the mangrove ecosystem in Bagan Asahan Village. The method used in this research is to combine two methods, namely the square method and the line transect method. The quadratic method is used to see the macrozoobenthos found in the quadratic method in a biological system, while the line transect method is used as a point to determine the description of the macrozoobenthos. The results of the research show that there are 8 species of macrozoobenthos consisting of 3 classes with a total of 179 individuals. The diversity of macrozoobenthos in the mangrove ecosystem area in Bagan Asahan Village is classified as moderate with a diversity index H'' ranging from 1.54-2.01, the uniformity index is classified as stable ranging between E= 0.76-0.99 and the dominance index is low, ranging between C= 0.14-0.31. Keywords: Tanjung Balai, Macrozoobenthos, Mangrove, Diversity

Diversity of Macrozoobenthos as Bioindiactor for Water Quality of Jangkok River Lombok Island

Macrozoobenthos are aquatic organisms that can be as bioindicators of water quality. Species diversity of macrozoobenthos communities plays an important role in assessing water quality. This research was conducted in Desember 2023 to analyze the level of diversity of macrozoobenthic species and the water quality of the Jangkok River, Lombok Island. Sampling stations representing the Upstream (Sesaot Village, Narmada District), Centralstream (Sayang-sayang Village, Cakranegara District) and Downstream (Dasan Agung, Mataram City) of Jangkok River. The results of this research showed that macrozoobenthos community in the waters of Jangkok River consisted of 14 species members of 5 clases. Four species with highest abundance ware Corbicula Fluminea, Gerris remingis, Pomacea canaliculata and Solenocera sp. from clases of Bivalvia, Insecta, Gastropoda, and Crustacea, respectively. Species diversity index of macrozoobenthos in the Jangkok River was 2.4, indicated that water of Jangkok River was not in pollution. However, the river remains vulnerable to pollution, both at light and moderate levels.

Functional diversity of macrozoobenthos under adverse oxygen conditions in the southern Baltic Sea

Oxygen deficiency is a major problem in the Baltic Sea. To study the impact of hypoxia on the functional diversity of benthic fauna and the possibility of macrozoobenthos recovery, data were analyzed in a gradient of oxygen conditions in the Gdańsk Basin. The research conducted on the basis of biological traits analysis enabled us to analyze the number, type and spatial distribution of biological traits—a proxy for functions performed by macrozoobenthos. A significant depletion of macrofauna was already observed under conditions of reduced oxygen above the bottom, both in terms of functional diversity and biomass. Although taxa observed in hypoxia (DO < 2 mL L−1) perform a number of functions, the remaining species do not form complex structures in the sediments or cause deep bioturbation and bioirrigation. Moreover, their extremely low biomass plays an irrelevant role in benthic–pelagic coupling. Thus, benthic fauna under hypoxia is not an element that ensures the functioning of the ecosystem. We assess that traits important for species dispersal and the presence of taxa resistant to short-term hypoxia in the oxic zone above the halocline provide a “backup” for ecosystem functioning under altered diverse oxygen conditions below the halocline after cessation of hypoxia in the southern Baltic Sea.

Evaluation of Water Quality Based on Macrozoobenthos as Bioindicator in Ngesong Spring and The Ditch, Batu-East Java

The Ngesong spring is a clean spring that is used by society as a spring of clean water and as a tourist attraction. The Ngesong spring has a ditch that flows up to the society settlement, where the water is used for agricultural irrigation and plantation irrigation. The utilization of the Ngesong spring as a tourist attraction and its ditch through agriculture, settlements, and society settlements have great potential to cause pollution and degradation of water quality, so it is necessary to evaluate water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the quality of this water, one of which is using the macrozoobenthos community structure as a bioindicator. The research was conducted in four locations, namely a water spring and the channels that will be used for agriculture, plantations, and settlement activities, in September and October 2022. The variables observed in this study include the physicochemical quality of water, namely water temperature, conductivity, power of hydrogen (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS), as well as community structure and macrozoobenthos diversity. The results of this study indicate that there are 26 macrozoobenthos families belonging to 12 orders, for a total of 968 individuals. Water springs are the location with the highest diversity and evenness index values, with H = 2.27 and E = 0.54. The results of the analysis of macrozoobenthos family relationships as an indicator of water quality using the Family Biotic Index (FBI) and Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) showed that the Waterspring site has very clean waters and no organic pollution. At Waterspring sites that have good water quality, the families Perlidae, Nemouridae, Limnephilidae, Viviparidae, Chironomidae, and Euphaeidae were found. Meanwhile, according to the FBI, sites that have highly organically polluted waters are the ditches that had agricultural activity and, based on ASPT, settlement activity.

Structure and Dominance of Macrozoobenthos as Biomonitoring Instrument in the Reuleng River, Leupung, Aceh Besar, Indonesia

The Reuleng River is a mangrove area located in Aceh Besar district. Environmental changes that occur in the structure and composition of the mangrove ecosystem in the Reuleng River affect the macrozoobenthos conditions in the area. This study aims to determine the structure of the makrozoobenthos community as a biomomonitoring instrument in the mangrove ecosystem area. The study was conducted from February 2021 to May 2021. Determination of the sampling location was carried out using the purposive sampling technique and sampling was determined in three areas, namely upstream, middle stream, and downstream. The results showed that there were 19 species grouped into 4 genera and 12 families. The Macrozoobenthos Diversity Index in the Reuleng River area ranges from 2.62. The species that dominate the mangrove ecosystem area is the Faunus ater species with a dominant index value (0.16) and the lowest dominant species in the mangrove ecosystem is Thalassina anomala (0.01). No specific species were found that dominate the area. Based on descriptive observations, there is a group of Makrozoobenthos that has a relationship with the psychochemical quality of the air. The results show that the balance of the community in the area is still vulnerable and experiencing the impact of environmental pressures.&#x0D; Keywords: Structure, dominant, macrozoobenthos, biomonitoring, reuleng river, Leupung

KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOBENTOS DI SUNGAI SUMBER NGENEP KECAMATAN KARANGPLOSO KABUPATEN MALANG

Rivers are a water source that has many roles in people's lives and is inhabited by many organisms. The quality of water can be seen from the number of organisms that live in that water. Organisms that can be used as biological indicators are macrozoobenthos. Macrozoobenthos are organisms whose movement characteristics tend to be limited and where they live permanently. The way to find indications of pollution in a river is to calculate the diversity of macrozoobenthos populations in the riverbed. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of macrozoobenthos in the Sumber Ngenep River, Karangploso District, Malang Regency. This research is quantitative research with an exploratory method. Sampling was carried out at 3 stations with 3 repetitions at each station. Identification using 3 literature and data analysis using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') and Simpson Dominance Index (D). The research results obtained 10 macrozoobenthos genera. The diversity index value of station 1 (1.389), station 2 (1.638), station 3 (1.343). Dominance index value of station 1 (0.286), station 2 (0.262), station 3 (0.309).

Macrozoobenthos diversity and heavy metal contamination in Faunus ater in the Rasian and Asahan rivers in the southern coast of Aceh, Indonesia

Summary Macrozoobenthos is a sedentary aquatic biota and is often used as a bioindicator for assessing water conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the species diversity of the macrozoobenthos and to analyze the heavy metal contamination in Faunus ater in the Rasian and Asahan estuaries in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The sampling was carried out in July 2022 on a squared transect of 1 m × 1 m for the collection of macrozoobenthos samples at random locations. The results showed that there were 17 macrozoobenthos species from both locations, of which 14 species were found in the Rasian River estuary and seven species in the Asahan River estuary. The diversity index of macrozoobenthos was in a moderate category. Terebralia sulcata had a higher density in the Asahan River, while F. ater had a higher density in the Rasian River. The results of the heavy metal analysis in the F. ater sample showed that this macrozoobenthos was contaminated by mercury, cadmium, and lead, of which the concentration of mercury exceeded the threshold limit, and they are, therefore, not safe for consumption.

Studi Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos Di Sungai Tanjung Pinggir Kecamatan Siantar Martoba Kota Pematang Siantar Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Tanjung Pinggir River is a river in the city of Pematang Siantar. In this river, there are various types of macrozoobenthos which are very influential for the ecosystem in the river. The aim is to determine the diversity of macrozoobenthos and the dominant macrozoobenthos type in the Tanjung Pinggir River, Pematang Siantar City. The types of macrozoobenthos found in the Tanjung Pinggir River were the Ampullaridae family of 47 individuals, the Cyrenidae family of 26 individuals, the Unionidae family of 29 individuals, the Thiaridae family of 36 individuals, the Lumbricidae family of 39 individuals, so that the total found was 168 individuals. The diversity value in the Tanjung Pinggir River is 1.59 in the moderate category. If per station then divided into 4 stations. At station I the diversity value was 1.54 with the moderate category, at station II the diversity value was 1,30 with the medium category, at station III the diversity value was 1.06 with the medium category and at station IV the diversity value was 0.50 with the low category. The highest dominance value is the Ampullaridae family with a value of 0.078 and the lowest is family Cyrenidae with a value of 0, 024.

Keanekaragaman Makrozoobenthos di Sungai Logawa, Jawa Tengah

The Logawa River is one of the rivers in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province and flows from a spring in the Windusari, Kalisalak village. The flow of the Logawa River experiences a lot of waste input from various sources, such as sand mining waste and household waste. This allows for a decrease in water quality in the Logawa River. One way to determine water quality is by using biological parameters, for example macrozoobenthos. This research was conducted to determine the quality of water in the Logawa River based on the diversity of macrozoobenthos which was analyzed using the calculation of the Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (H') and Simpson Dominance Index (C). The sample collection method in this study was a field survey which was then observed using a stereo microscope. There are three sampling stations, namely the upstream, downstream and middle stations with two sampling times. The diversity index values obtained ranged from 0.62 - 1.89. The low value of the macrozoobenthos diversity index indicates the negative impact of the sand mining activity. The data obtained were then analyzed for the relationship between existing macrozoobenthos diversity and water quality using Pearson Correlation. Water quality parameters used include temperature, current velocity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The water quality parameter that has the most influence on macrozoobenthos diversity in the Logawa river is COD, with a correlation coefficient of -0.79 in the 1st sampler and -0.98 in the 2nd sampler. The results of the analysis show that the Logawa River is experiencing turbidity caused by sand mining activities

Macrozoobenthos Diversity as A Bioindicator of Water Quality in River Sesaot Village Narmada West Lombok

Sesaot River is a river located in Narmada, West Lombok. The Sesaot River has been widely used by the surrounding community for their agricultural, plantation and daily activities. The high activity of the people around the river causes a decrease in the quality of river water. Macrozoobenthos is a bioindicator that can be used to describe a water's air quality. The purpose of this research is to examine the water quality of the Sesaot River utilizing macrozoobenthos as a bioindicator. The study was carried out at three different locations along the Sesaot River: upstream, middle, and downstream. At each observation site, macrozoobenthos ecological study and measurements of river water physical and chemical parameters were performed. According to observations, the pH, DO, and TDS of river water remain within the range of acceptable environmental quality standards. The macrozoobenthos found in the Sesaot Narmada river consist of 3 classes, 8 families and 8 species. Gastropoda, Mollusca, and Insecta are the third class discovered. The macrozoobenthic diversity index values discovered ranged from 0.8 to 1.35. Based on these findings, the macrozoobenthos diversity at the three locations is low. The uniformity index values obtained at the three stations ranged from 0.03 to 0.07, indicating that the distribution of individuals was unequal and unbalanced. At the three stations, the dominance index ranged from 0.27 to 0.55. Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that the water quality of the Sesaot Narmada river is moderately to badly polluted.

Macrozoobenthos Diversity on Mangkoso Beach in Barru Regency

Research on the diversity of Macrozoobenthos on the coast of Mangkoso village, Barru Sub-district in Barru district. The purpose of this research is to determine the diversity of Macrozoobentos. This research uses the purposive sampling method in determining the location of research stations and plot making using the line Transect method. The research station consists of three stations, i.e., Station 1, Station 2, and Station 3. The results of the study found 20 species of Macrozoobentos consisting of 13 species from Klas Gastropoda, from Classis Bivalvia 5 species, Polychaeta 1 species and Crustacea 1 species to a total of 20 species (Fillum Mollusca), Cerithium dialeum species, Cerithium sp, Clithon faba, Clithon oualaniense, Clithon sp, Hebra corticata, Hebra sp, Littorina sp, Nassarius bimacularus, Nerita sp, Smaragdia rangiana, Tornatina coarctata, and Vitta sp. Class Bivalvia consists of Anadara sp, Epicodakia sp, Spondylus sp, Tellina mariae, and Tellina sp. While Class Polychaeta, each one species is Naineris and Uca sp. The composition of the species, the population density, the negation, and uniformity of the community macrozoobenthos that the Station 2 is higher than Stations 1 and 3. It is seen on the results of the diversity index (H′) of Macrozoobentos at Station 1 (0.92) and Station 2 (2.55). All three stations indicate that low diversity and environmental quality conditions are in a half-polluted state. The seawater’s quality around the coastal Mangkoso village, Barru District, needs the local government’s attention to reduce environmental pollution.

Spatial and temporal variations in the environmental and biological characteristics of the Turyanchay River basin, Azerbaijan

This is the first comprehensive examination of the Turyanchay River in Azerbaijan, focusing on water quality (WQ), contamination, and biodiversity at four different locations: Gabala, Agdash, Udjar and Zardab. The study analysed nutrient (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate) and metal/metalloid (Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, Fe and Al) contamination levels, as well as the diversity of macrozoobenthos in the river, birds and vegetation. The chemical and biological oxygen demands (COD and BOD), including WQ index (WQI) were also determined for the river. The results showed no significant difference in the levels of nutrients, metal/metalloid, COD, BOD, WQI and macrozoobenthos diversity across different locations (p > .05). However, they revealed temporal fluctuations, with their highest levels being recorded during the warmer months (July and August) and the lowest during the colder months (March and November). The estimated WQI, ranging from 19.6 to 43.6, indicated that the water in the Turyanchay River is safe for household and consumption purposes. Up to 83 species of macrozoobenthos were identified, with Hydropsychidae and Chironomidae showing the highest species richness, followed by Coenagrionidae, Psychomyiidae, Ceratopogonidae, Baetidae, Naididae and Gammaridae. Eighteen bird species, consisting of 11 terrestrial and 7 aquatic birds, were recorded, with eight of these species belonging to the Order Charadriiformes. A total of 42 different plant species belonging to 17 families were identified in the Turyanchay River basin, with Fabaceae being the most widely distributed, followed by Asteraceae and Typhaceae. This study provides important baseline data for the Turyanchay River, offering insights into its freshwater environment and biodiversity, and should support future monitoring efforts.

KARAKTER VEGETASI, KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DAN KARBON PADA SEDIMEN DI KAWASAN MANGROVE NUSA LEMBONGAN DAN ESTUARI PERANCAK

Natural mangroves can be found in Nusa Lembongan, which is bordered by coral reefs, while in the Perancak Estuary, some of the lands are former ponds. The aim of the study was to determine the density, canopy cover, and organic carbon content in mangrove sediments. Data were collected from 3 stations, using transects measuring 10 x 10 m to determine density, height, trunk circumference, and canopy cover, as well as macrozoobenthos sampling. The mangrove density in Lembongan is very high, the tree height reaches 8 – 10 meters, and the mangrove canopy cover is in a good category. The macrozoobenthos diversity index is in the medium category and the carbon content in the sediments is high. Mangroves in Perancak Estuary are densely dense, with an average tree height of 8 meters, and canopy cover in the good category. The index of macrozoobenthos diversity was moderate and the organic carbon in the sediments was lower than in the mangroves at Nusa Lembongan. The character of the mangrove vegetation is different in the two areas. The Nusa Lembongan mangrove growing area is directly opposite the sea, but in the Perancak Estuary, it tends to be closed and flows by a large river around it. The mangrove growth zone is still natural in the Nusa Lembongan area, in contrast to the Perancak Estuary mangrove area which has been rehabilitated at several points.&#x0D; Keywords: Mangrove vegetation; macrozoobenthos; carbon on sediment

MACROZOOBENTHOS DIVERSITY AS A BIOINDICATOR OF WATER QUALITY AROUND THE CENTER POINT OF INDONESIA (CPI)

Benthos are invertebrate animals that live at the bottom of the waters. One biota that can be used as a biological parameter in determining the quality of a waters is macrozoobenthos. The waters around the Center Point of Indonesia (CPI) are one of the waters that have received a lot of additional organic matter and other pollutant materials through the estuaries of the canals that flow into the waters of Losari Beach. The study was conducted by sampling macrozoobenthos at each station using Ejkman Grab at each station 3 times sampling then sieved using a benthos sieve measuring 1 mm. In addition, measurements of environmental factors were carried out at each station with 3 replications directly in the field and analyzed in the laboratory. The results of the macrozoobenthos sampling study obtained 4 macrozoobenthos classes found at the study site, namely the Gastropod Class (4 species), the Crustacea Class, the Ophiuroidea Class, and the Oligochaeta Class each 1 species. The highest diversity and abundance of macrozoobenthos was found at Station 6 which is suspected because this station has a sandy sediment texture and sediment DOM content and high concentrations of water solubility of oxygen which support the life of makzoobenthos. Macrozoobenthos diversity at the study site (waters around the Center Point of Indonesia) is low with a diversity index (H') value of 0.00 - 0.16. The high abundance of makzoobenthos at Station 5 and Station 6 is characterized by high current velocity, sediment DOM and high oxygen concentration.

Condition of Seagrass Beds Ecosystem on Poncan Gadang Island Based on Macrozoobenthos Diversity

The seagrass ecosystem of Poncan Gadang island is one of the ecosystems that often come under pressure due to ecotourism activities. Pressure on these ecosystems can have an impact on the diversity of the types of animals that live in them. This research is aimed at knowing the condition of seagrass ecosystems based on the diversity of macrozoobenthos that live in them. The observation point is divided into 5 stations. At each point, a square transect of 1x1 meters is made as many as 10 pieces. Collection of macrozoobenthos samples is carried out by the hand sorting method. The samples collected were then identified at the Ecology Laboratory of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Labuhanbatu. Data analysis uses the shannon wienner index (H'), Dominance Index (C') and Similarity Index (IS) formulas. Data analysis was done by computer program Plymouth Routines In Multivariate Ecological Research (Primer) 7th version. The results showed that there were 30 species of macrozobenthos living in the seagrass ecosystem of Poncan Gadang island, with a diversity index (H') of 3.031-3.191, a dominance index (C') of 0.0038 - 0.0053, then a similarity index (IS) of 86.792 – 98.305%. This result indicates the condition of the seagrass beds ecosystem of Poncan Gadang Island is in good condition, with a moderate level of uniformity, low dominance and high similarity

Analisis Longitudinal Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobentos yang Tercemar Limbah Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil di Sungai Cikondang, Jawa Barat

Small-scale gold mining activities are still mostly carried out in various regions in Indonesia. The use of mercury (Hg) in the process of extracting gold from sediments can be a source of pollution for aquatic ecosystems and organisms. The aim of this study was to analyze the macrozoobenthos community structure in the Cikondang River which was affected by Hg pollution due to small-scale gold mining. Sampling was carried out by survey method at 5 sampling points along the Cikondang River from upstream to downstream. Water quality parameters measured include temperature, transparency, current velocity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Hg concentrations in sediments and macrozoobenthos were measured using automatic mercury analyzer. The results showed that the concentration of Hg in sediments in the Cikondang River ranged from 0.63–52.48 mg/kg and the accumulation of Hg in macrozoobenthos ranged from 0.97 to 0.98. The macrozoobenthos diversity index was 1.50-2.17 and the dominance index was 0.16-0.30. The most group of macrozoobenthos found was from the Gastropod class, followed by the Insecta and Malacostraca classes. Macrozoobenthos in the Cikondang River were only found in the downstream of the river, at Sampling Points 4 and 5 only. This showed that Hg pollution in the Cikondang river is highly toxic, caused macrozoobenthos was not found at Sampling Point 1, 2 and 3.

The practicality of popular scientific books of the diversity of Macrozoobenthos in the Sungai Puting

Teaching materials based on local potential are teaching materials that contain material or materials that are local in nature, and have ideas that can be understood and are closely related to the management of natural resources and the environment where teaching materials can help improve critical thinking skills. One of them is the application of local potential-based learning resources developed in this teaching material, namely popular scientific books (BIP). This study aims to examine the practicality of the contents, practical expectations and actual practicality of the developed BIP macrozoobenthos diversity. The method used refers to the formative evaluation design from Tessmer. The results of the research based on the readability test for the practicality test of the contents yielded 91.67% with very practical criteria, and student responses to the practicality of expectations obtained results of 93.33% and 95.83% on actual practicality with very practical criteria, and based on the implementation of the BIP that was developed on the implementation of expectations and actual implementation got a result of 85.19% in a very good category to be used as enrichment material for Animal Ecology courses and to improve students' critical thinking skills.Abstrak Bahan ajar berbasis potensi lokal merupakan bahan ajar yang berisi materi atau bahan yang bersifat lokal, dan memiliki gagasan-gagasan yang dapat dipahami dan berkaitan erat dengan pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan yang mana bahan ajar dapat membantu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Salah satunya penerapan sumber belajar berbasis potensi lokal yang dikembangkan dalam bahan ajar ini ialah buku ilmiah popular (BIP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kepraktisan isi, kepraktisan harapan dan kepraktisan aktual dari BIP keanekaragaman makrozoobentos yang dikembangkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah mengacu pada desain evaluasi formatif dari Tessmer. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji keterbacaan untuk uji kepraktisan isi mendapatkan hasil 91,67% dengan kriteria sangat praktis, dan respon mahasiswa pada kepraktisan harapan mendapatkan hasil sebesar 93,33% dan 95,83% pada kepraktisan aktual dengan kriteria sangat praktis, dan berdasarkan keterlaksanaan BIP yang dikembangkan pada keterlaksanaan harapan dan keterlaksanaan aktual mendapatkan hasil 85,19% dengan kategori sangat baik untuk digunakan sebagai materi pengayaan mata kuliah Ekologi Hewan serta dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa.

Evaluation of the quality of mangrove ecosystems using macrozoobenthos as bioindicators in the Southern Coast of East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Retnaningdyah C, Febriansyah SC, Hakim L. 2022. Evaluation of the quality of mangrove ecosystems using macrozoobenthos as bioindicators in the Southern Coast of East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6480-6491. The mangrove ecosystem in East Java has been degraded due to land use change. Some of these mangrove ecosystems have been restored. However, the success of these restoration activities has never been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of some mangrove ecosystems on the Southern Coast of East Java by observing the physical and chemical quality of water and macrozoobenthos that live in mangroves, especially crustaceans and gastropods, as bioindicators. Samplings were carried out on seven mangrove ecosystems, namely restored ecosystems (Cengkrong, Sine, Getem, Kondang Merak, Clungup Mangrove Conservation/CMC) and natural ecosystems as reference sites (Alas Purwo National Park/TNAP and Sempu island). The water quality parameters observed were pH, conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrate, orthophosphate, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), salinity, sulfide content (H2S), oil and fat content, and dissolved lead (Pb) content. The macrozoobenthos communities observed were gastropods and crabs, while the mangrove communities monitored were only trees, using plots, each measuring 10x10 m. The results showed that some water quality parameters did not meet the sea water quality standards for marine life, namely DO and nitrate levels for all locations, H2S, and oil/fat in some locations. The quality of the restored mangrove ecosystem in the Cengkrong and CMC areas was better than that of other sites, with a Shannon-Wiener species diversity index (H') for mangrove trees of 2.796 and 2.235 and was close to the quality at the reference sites, namely Alas Purwo and Sempu island (H' 2.953 and 2.356). The H' value of macrozoobenthos in the Cengkrong and CMC mangrove ecosystem was also high (4.37 and 3.47) and almost the same as the H' value of Sempu Island and Alas Purwo (3.45 and 3.88), while in other mangrove ecosystems it ranged from 1.33 to 2.60. The species diversity of mangrove vegetation had a significant (? 0.05-0.1) to very significant (? &lt;0.05) positive correlation with the diversity of crabs and gastropods, so the diversity of macrozoobenthos (crabs and gastropods) can be used as a bioindicator of the quality of the mangrove ecosystem.

Analysis of water pollution problem Belawan waters

Indoor This study was conducted to determine water pollution conditions and pollutants entering Belawan waters. Exploration research methods are carried out about water pollution in Belawan of Indonesia. Data on pollution in Belawan is categorized as polluted where the average level of lead-heavy metal in the body of blood clams in Belawan coastal waters reaches 0.042 ppm, the analysis results of Pb metal in Belawan waters in the Electric Steam Power Plant (PLTU) area (24, 12 ppm), mangroves (26.91), and the area around fishermen (11.18 ppm), all of which have passed the quality standard threshold. Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control related to Pb Quality Standard based on the attachment of PP no 82 of 2001 is Pb < 0.1 mg/L. The content of COD and BOD in water was studied to describe the amount of organic matter dissolved in the water, in the study stated that COD and BOD are indicators to determine water quality. The physical and chemical conditions of Belawan waters are still in the feasible category, measured from Ph, BOD, and DO which are still within the proper limit, this is because the ecosystem and natural habitat are still in balance, then seen from the high diversity of macrozoobenthos, it can be said that polluted with medium-high categorized in Belawan waters.

Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Makrozoobentos Sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Air di Situ Patengan, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat

Situ Patengan is standing water located at the foot of Mount Patuha, Patengan Village, Rancabali District, Bandung Regency, West Java. Situ Patengan is also used for various activities including as a tourist area, fishing, and tea plantations as well as plantation business rights. The number of activities around Situ Patengan can potentially affect the quality of the waters and the organisms in it, including macrozoobenthos organisms. The presence of macrozoobenthos can also be used as a bioindicator of water quality because it is very sensitive to environmental changes. This study aims to determine the diversity, abundance, and influence of environmental factors on macrozoobenthos and to determine the water quality of Situ Patengan. The research was conducted using the purposive sampling method. Three stations are determined based on environmental factors and land use in the inlet area, forest edge, and tourism area. Based on the results of the study found 3 macrozoobenthos phyla, namely Molluscs (Pomacea canaliculata, Filopaludina javanica), Annelida (Lumbriculus sp.), and Arthropoda (Macrobracium rosenbergii, Enallagma sp., Pelocoris femoratus). Macrozoobenthos diversity ranged from 0.13-1.12 with low to moderate categories while abundance ranged from 11-91 ind/m2 and the Dominance Index in Situ Patengan ranged from 0.003-0.453 with the dominant species being Pomacea canaliculata. The Family Biotic Index shows results from 5.94 to 6.50 with the criteria that the waters at each station are not in good condition. The water quality of Situ Patengan based on macrozoobenthos bioindicators is moderate to heavily polluted. Environmental factors in this study such as depth, brightness, temperature, pH, salinity, and DO have a very low correlation to the family biotic index.&#x0D; Keyword: Bioindicator, diversity, water quality, macrozoobenthos, situ patengan