Macroergonomic Analysis Research Articles

Revolutionizing Workplace Safety Through Innovative Ergonomic Solutions in Indonesia

General Background: Workplace accidents significantly impact employee health, productivity, and organizational efficiency, necessitating effective safety and health management strategies. Specific Background: The study investigates the use of the Macro Ergonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD) method at PT Esprobags to improve occupational health and safety measures. Knowledge Gap: PT Esprobags faces challenges in effectively addressing employee health concerns, especially regarding health insurance and workplace conditions, despite increasing demand for safety protocols. Aims: This research aims to identify key health and safety issues affecting employees, utilizing MEAD to analyze and design solutions that mitigate workplace accidents and improve overall employee well-being. Results: The findings indicate that inadequate health insurance and infrequent health checks, along with insufficient drinking water quality and room cleanliness, are primary concerns among employees. The analysis reveals that environmental factors significantly influence employee safety, health, and performance, contributing to a 60.7% variance in the work environment's impact on safety and performance. Novelty: This study introduces a structured ergonomic approach tailored to the unique needs of the manufacturing sector, emphasizing the importance of holistic workplace assessments. Implications: PT Esprobags' implementation of the MEAD methodology can improve employee satisfaction, productivity, and safety, contributing to a broader understanding of workplace ergonomics and occupational health. Highlights: Health Concerns: Inadequate health insurance and checks impact employee well-being. Environmental Impact: Workplace conditions significantly affect safety and productivity. Implementation Benefits: MEAD enhances satisfaction and reduces workplace accidents. Keywords: workplace safety, ergonomic analysis, employee health, Macro Ergonomic Analysis and Design, occupational safety

Design of Work Facility Improvements with a Macroergonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD) Approach in SMEs Andri Tofu

Small and Medium Enterprises Andri tofu is an industry engaged in food production which is located in Ngrampal District, Sragen. In the production process there is a non-optimal working system, where the process of setting up the mold tool takes more than 1 minute and the pressing process uses a load of more than 17 kg in the form of using a 20 liter bucket full of water. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence the work system, measure complaints and posture, and design work facility improvement designs. The method used is in the form of Macroergonomic Analysis and Design to design work systems and facilities based on the location of the highest deviation. The results of the study found that there were dominant body complaints on the right hand by 5.18% and mild complaints on the thighs by 1.41%. Improvements to the design of the tool have an adjustable height of 140-170 cm, a width of 72 cm, a height of 57 cm for the feet of the tool, and the pressing uses a gear system with a rack gear of 70 cm and diameter a spin gear of 6 cm which is driven using a rotary press stirrer.

Assessing Work System Processes Using Macroergonomic Analysis and Design Approach: A Literature Review

This study's goal is to provide an overview of the macroergonomics approach, which is used to evaluate work systems and make improvements to working conditions and efficiency. A process for the system evaluation was developed using the pertinent framework, Macroergonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD). Using the MEAD framework, the system may be assessed more completely overall, and any conflicts can be resolved to fully harmonize the system. A thematic analysis of papers addressing macroergonomic analysis and design (MEAD) is the methodology used in this study. To successfully complete a research project using this methodology, ten steps must be followed. The ten steps are as follows: examining the subsystem of organizational and environmental design; identifying the type of manufacturing system and establishing performance benchmarks; outlining work procedures and unit operations; detecting variances; generating the matrix of variances; establishing the role network and key variance control table; allocating functions and designing jointly; recognizing the views of roles and responsibilities; creating and modifying interfaces and supporting subsystems; putting into practice, refining, and upgrading.

Macro Ergonomic Analysis and Design for Optimizing the Work Environment : A Literature Review

The purpose of this literature is to understand the application of macroergonomics in various fields. Macroergonomics is the study of work systems which include organizational structures (complexity, formalization, centralization, policies, and processes) with a socio-technical approach used to improve work systems. The method used is a thematic analysis of articles on the application of macroergonomics in various industries. Based on the results of the article review, the process of implementing macroergonomics is analysis, design, implementation, control, and evaluation. All review articles carry out macro ergonomics analysis and design within the scope of the work system as a whole but do not intervene in all factors/problems. The reviewed articles show that the intervention is carried out only on a few factors, where human and organizational factors are always involved. The application of macroergonomics can achieve many goals at once that are beneficial to organizations, workers, and even consumers. The highest frequency of macro ergonomics objectives in consecutive review articles was: quality, occupational health, safety, work existence, productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness.

Design of Work Systems in Air Cooler Production Using Work Load Analysis (WLA) and Macroergonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD) Methods at PT GIJ

Air cooler is a system or machine designed to stabilize the air temperature and humidity in a certain area by circulating it. In the air cooler production process at PT GIJ, very high accuracy is also needed in the process and is still carried out by 1 worker in each part of the production process manually and the time it takes is relatively long up to more than 2 hours from normal time and results in employees fatigue easily. This study uses the work load analysis (WLA) method to reduce the workload obtained by completing the work at a certain working time and then improving the work system using the macroergonomic analysis and design (MEAD) method to determine the need for rest time in several production process activities. From the results of this study indicate the value of the workload after doing research using the work load analysis (WLA) method, the results of the workload at the component stage are 0.52 and the line process stage is 0.51 which means that from the stages of the production process each is declared to get a load. underload or normal work and the results obtained from the calculation of the need for rest time using the macroergonomic analysis and design (MEAD) method, the results of energy consumption are 2.52 kcal/minute and the results obtained are the need for rest time of 64.15 minutes so that the rest time needed by employees for stretching the body by 4.15 minutes outside the normal rest time of 60 minutes.

Usulan Perancangan Sistem Kerja Dengan Metode Macro Ergonomics Analysis and Design (MEAD) pada Stasiun Kerja Percetakan di UD. Roti Rachmat Purwarkarta

The rapid advancement of technology today has helped humans in completing their work. Some jobs that require physical activity can still be observed in various types of industrial sectors. Bad impacts can occur if the workload is too heavy and is done repeatedly so that it can affect the health of workers and decrease productivity. UD. Roti Rachmat Purwakarta is a business engaged in the food industry for making bread. The actual condition is that many activities are carried out manually with non-ergonomic working positions. This study aimed to identify and analyze complaints of the musculoskeletal system on the operator and provide suggestions for designing an ergonomic work system. To improve the work system, namely by using the Macroergonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD) method. Complaint identification was carried out using the Standard Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ). The results showed that the pain experienced by the operator at the printing work station was in the left and right shoulders, back, waist, forearms, wrists, knees, and right hands and calves. The result of the REBA score is 10 which indicates the risk levels are high. The results of the proposed work system design are in the form of a hydraulic trolley designed through an anthropometric approach using the 95th percentile so that the dimensions of the worker's body at the printing work station are shoulder width 45.495 cm, maximum grip diameter of 4.735 cm, elbow height 110.752 cm, foot length 25.639 cm and a foot width of 10.510 cm.

Mesoergonomics, the missing part of the macroergonomics and microergonomics approach

PurposeThis study aims to find work concepts and mesoergonomic stages that are not well known and are not widely used in solving problems related to ergonomics using macro and micro ergonomics.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a questionnaire distributed to several ergonomists who were able to provide opinions on meso ergonomics, especially in determining what aspects affected meso ergonomics so that the meso stages could be determined.FindingsThe results of data collection show that aspects that affect meso ergonomics are closely related to macro and micro ergonomics, aspects that are found to have similarities between the three because meso ergonomics is between them.Research limitations/implicationsDetermine the stages of meso ergonomics and clarify the limits of meso ergonomics using a questionnaire distributed to several respondents who understand ergonomics.Practical implicationsThis paper can be applied to organizations that have a tiered organizational structure so that departments in the organization are divided into several parts to be observed and related to each other in carrying out organizational functions.Social implicationsProvides convenience for researchers in observing organizations with the presence of mesoergonomics which is a bridge between macro and micro ergonomics.Originality/valueThe stages of meso ergonomics are arranged based on aspects and meso ergonomics variables that have been obtained from previous studies which now have added some considerations in the preparation of mesoergonomic stages such as the macroergonomic analysis design on macro ergonomics.

Analysis and Design of Coil Rolling Machines on Robot Solenoids using Macroergonomic Analysis Method and Design (MEAD) and Rapid Entire Body Assesment (REBA) Based on Arduino Microcontroller

The making of Indonesian soccer robot in the division of the Indonesian Football Robot Contest (KRSBI) especially in the process of coil rolling machines on a solenoid does not pay attention to ergonomic factors. The process of winding the wire on the solenoid is done using only the hands manually and in an un ergonomic body position, which is turning and bending. As a result, the convolution process lasts longer and in the wrong posture, causing fatigue and back pain. Macroergonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) approaches are used to analyze the posture of the wire. The solution is obtained by design and making an ergonomic and semi-automatic coil rolling machines to solenoid Robot based on the Arduino Microcontroller

Design of Vernis Sprayer Using Macroergonomic Analysis and Design

The process of spraying varnish is an important part of this industry but it still uses minimal tools so that this process has several obstacles, namely wasted time, unreliable work positions, frequent defects, and disturbed other work stations. To overcome this, a varnish sprayer has been designed, but there are still many things that need to be improved in terms of shape. The research was conducted at SMEs AAT RATTAN CHANDY CRAFT which is engaged in rattan handicrafts such as chairs, tables, serving covers. From the data obtained, 21 out of 28 people experienced complaints in the arms and hands due to less ergonomic work positions and tools. This study uses the Macroergonomic Analysis and Design method, in order to obtain a varnish spray design proposal in the form of a rectangular, faceted iron frame, the main drive of the dynamo (motor), the belt rope as a power connector, the conveyor as a spraying route, the spray gun as a sprayer. The dimensions of this varnish sprayer are 230 cm high, 200 cm wide and 500 cm long. In the proposed working method, there must be two operators, the first operator at the input door of the lifting tool and putting the product on the conveyor, the second operator receiving at the output door of the tool. This eliminates bending and squatting activities because the conveyor height is made as high as 137 cm from the floor surface.

Evaluasi Fasilitas Ruang Tunggu Untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Dengan Pendekatan Mikro Dan Makro Ergonomi Di Stasiun Kereta Api Malang

The train station in Malang is one of the stations under the supervision of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero), which is engaged in the business of providing land transportation services. The large number of transportation service providers encourage competition between transportation service providers to provide good service to satisfy consumer desires. Service quality and condition of facilities available at railway stations in Malang, especially the waiting room section, still do not meet the Minimum Service Standards for People Transportation by Train based on the Minister of Transportation Regulation No. PM 9 on February 8, 2011. Therefore it is necessary to identify and evaluate the condition of waiting room facilities and the analysis and evaluation carried out to improve service quality with a Micro and macro ergonomics approach. With the Micro Ergonomics approach there will be proposed improvements to overcome work environment problems (air temperature and sound intensity level) in the train station waiting room. With the Ergonomics Macro approach a work system will be redesigned in the train station waiting room section that can be implemented by the train station manager. This study aims to identify, analyze problems and propose improvements to the condition of facilities in the waiting room section with a Micro and macro ergonomics approach to improve service quality at the Railway Station in Malang. This study describes the condition of facilities in the Railway Station waiting room in Malang through a questionnaire distributed to train service users. By knowing these conditions, a measurement of the working environment conditions is carried out on the train station waiting room. Obtained results of air temperature measurements in the waiting room area ranged from 31-35.3oC and the level of sound intensity in the waiting room section ranged from 66.8 to 88.1dB. Then the problem solving using the Macro Ergonomics approach using the MEAD method (Macro Ergonomic Analysis and Design) through ten stages of the process and obtained alternative selection results, namely repairs and procurement of facilities in the waiting room, officer training at the railway station and improvement of culture or passenger habits . From this study, a proposal to improve the waiting room facilities at the railway station in Malang was proposed which could be implemented by the management of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) to improve the service quality of the train station.

Design of work facilities using quality function deployment (QFD) and macro ergonomic analysis design (MEAD)

XYZ is a company engaged in the manufacturing of doors. XYZ process consists of 7 work stations, such as sorting of raw material, the unification of the core material, reaping, laminating, manufacture of components, finishing, and packing. Among 7 work stations, only 1 work station to work while standing still during work (8 hours) and do not have other work that supports the position that the work station finishing work. The purpose of this study is to make improvements to the facilities at the finishing work desk. Facility design work is done by using quality methods to obtain technical characteristics in accordance with the desire of works. Furthermore, the results of the design tool socialized to all component companies use macro ergonomic analysis and design (MEAD). From the result of the design was found that the workbench is design to have the specification table legs fixed, material frame of iron, base material of foam, base material of leather, color frame brown, place mats of blue, the durability of the table at least 3 years, and additional function where the laying equipment. Result are discussed with the company designing and disseminated to the component companies

ANALISA ERGONOMI MAKRO PADA PENGGUNAAN TELEPON GENGGAM (HANDPHONE) DIKALANGAN MAHASISWA BANDUNG

Along with the rapid development of digital technology, electronic technology which is the forerunner of information and communication technology, has been spurred on by developing miniaturization of electronic components, through the creation of integrated circuits, which at its peak gave birth to communication devices in the form of mobile phones (Cellphones / Cellphones). In its use based on macro ergonomics analysis, cell phone use is hindered by these students, giving positive and negative influences. towards its users. In this study a macro ergonomic analysis was carried out on the use of mobile phones among students, especially students of Industrial Engineering courses, Faculty of Engineering, Bandung Raya University. The purpose of this study is to analyze the positive and negative effects on the use of mobile phones among students in terms of macro ergonomics, related to the use of mobile applications in the learning process with the development of Mobile Learning through the SIAKAD and Edlink programs, and their use in relationships in the campus environment. . The research was conducted with a survey research method approach with a quantitative approach. Data obtained from the results of questionnaires that research in the field, interviews and literature studies. The results of the study showed that the results of the questionnaire test showed that the questionnaire had a level of validity of 85% and 89.6%. The results based on macro ergonomic analysis of the positive effect felt by students, in essence, is that mobile phones are very helpful in various learning process activities, academic activities and other activities in the campus environment, which is currently being promoted by the online system. The negative influence of mobile phones among students, is more on the problem of changing attitudes and behaviors of students which leads to consumptive attitudes, lazy to read text books, tend to reduce direct social interaction and less concern for the surrounding environment.

Macroergonomic approaches as a solution to local wisdom-based tourist village development planning

Tourist villages are among the tourist attractions which are often visited by tourists. The development of these tourist destinations is undertaken by referring to the data of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. Currently, there are a total of 978 tourist villages in Indonesia. This number has increased sharply since 2009, in which there were only 144 tourist villages. Unfortunately, the existence of tourist villages might result in a shift in land conversion, tourism use, and clothes. Moreover, this might cause damage to cultural assets which can be reduced only by rigorous rules of the local wisdom. This research tries to improve the system adopted in the development of tourist villages using the approaches of Kansai Engineering and Macroergonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD). Based on the research findings using Kansai Engineering, there are 3 kansai words found to cause problems to the development of tourist villages, which were then repaired using the approach of the MEAD concept so that the proposed work system design is to integrate the existing components by formulating and creating visions & missions, work instructions, and Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).

Desain Perancangan Alat Penyaring Dalam Proses Pembuatan Tahu Dengan Metode Macro Ergonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD)

Gunung Kidul Regency is a region of soybean producer in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The raw materials support the tofu-making industry where one of the centers of tofu industry in Siraman and Sumbermulyo Wonosari. The productivity of the tofu manufacturing process is determined on the work tool and worker performance. To increase productivity a holistic approach is necessary considering all aspects. In this research, the method used to design holistically is macro ergonomic analysis and design (MEAD). With a sociotechnical MEAD approach, it is identified control variance to avoid musculoskeletal complaints that have an impact on increased productivity. This research only makes the design with high tool filter is 1014,70 mm and width 419,9 mm. A blower tool that facilitates removal of soy water material with suction specification and press 30 m / s using 220 VA power supply and 1300 VA power with galvanized pipe as conductor of 2 inch diameter.

THE USE OF MACRO-ERGONOMIC WORK SYSTEM DESIGNS TO REDUCE MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AND INJURY RISK IN TRAINING

Training based on competency is a government effort to improve employee candidates’ job competence. The T echnical Implementation Unit of the Technopark Ganesha Sukowati Sragen is a training centre in the Sragen Regency. Ergonomic issues have still not received attention in some training programmes. The work system design is constructed to support the achievement of the agency’s vision and mission, using the macro-ergonomic analysis and design approach (MEAD). Research results show that the key variance is the installation of embroidery hoops, which is difficult and time-consuming. Integration of the work system with ergonomic designs is necessary to create a pleasant training environment and to improve job competence. The new designs include adjustable seats, embroidery hoops tables with a foot rest, improved lighting, facemasks, earplugs, and a drinking water facility. The workshop layout is designed to follow the work process. The trainees also participated in stretching exercises before training began. A t-test was conducted with the same research design and the same subject, and the results showed a reduction of up to 60.39 per cent in musculoskeletal disorders and a reduction of up to 22.2 per cent in the risk of injury.

Reducing healthcare-associated infections in an ambulatory dialysis unit: Identification and alignment of work system factors

Patients undergoing hemodialysis have experienced a 43% increase in rate of hospitalization due to infection during the past 20 years. Research in other industries has shown that safe systems are achieved by considering the entire system to enable performance specifications to be met. A sociotechnical systems framework was applied through the Macroergonomic Analysis and Design method to evaluate a 54-chair ambulatory dialysis unit to decrease healthcare-associated infections. Fifty-seven system discrepancies across 6 healthcare-associated infection risk factors were identified. A multicomponent intervention was developed to address 44 of the variances across 4 of the risk factors. Access-related bloodstream infections and access site infections did not improve. Bacterial surface contamination decreased. Process measures for the individual components of the intervention demonstrated varying adherence to the intervention. Inconsistent compliance with interventions is hypothesized to be due to organizational and external environment factors.

Macroergonomic Approach for Improving the Municipal Waste Management System in Jakarta

 Abstract—To solve the complex problem of the waste management system in Jakarta, there needs to be a comprehensive approach to the system. One of the approaches that could be used to solve this problem is the macro- ergonomic approach, where Macro Ergonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD) is one of its methods. Through this approach, it is known that the main problem of this system is human error in disposing waste. Improving rubbish bins is a solution that could help the problem technically, where New Product Development Processes (NPD Processes) is implemented to develop the rubbish bin. The new design of rubbish bin has some additional features that would decrease human error in disposing waste. This paper will discuss the color coding, signs of waste segregation, differentiation in locating disposal holes, different types of container lids, types of trash bag hooks, the swing feature of the bin, and the ideal information media of a rubbish bin. I. INTRODUCTION Collecting household disposals and industrial waste is one of the most difficult operational problems faced by local authorities in any large city. This problem is also faced by Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. With an increasing number of populations due to the rising number of urbanization every year, Jakarta's waste volume is rapidly increasing. The volume of waste generated in Jakarta could reach up to 6500 tons per day. To keep the city clean, the government's Cleaning and Landscaping Agency faced some major waste disposal problems, such as public awareness about cleanness, waste- handling facilities, human resources, legacy, periodic targets, and other problems related to open dumping. A solution is needed to overcome this complex problem. This research is done by redesigning the rubbish bin used in Jakarta, as an effective solution for improving Jakarta's waste handling system,

Macroergonomic analysis of two different work organizations in a same sector of a luminary manufacturer

This article presents the analysis of the effect of two different types of work organization (the traditional and a new mechanized, more segmented one) in the packing sector of a luminary manufacturing company in Curitiba, Brazil. A macroergonomic analysis was conducted to evaluate the workers satisfaction with the job; the possible associated postural risk, the level of body pain/discomfort and to compare the two models (traditional and mechanized). The mechanized model showed to involve higher postural risk, to generate more pain and less satisfaction, even in relation to the temperature, illumination, uniform and salary, which are the same for the two groups. Excluding job rotation that was well evaluated and should be adopted for all workers, the new model proved to be worse than the traditional although it also needs improvements.

Macroergonomic analysis of an assembly sector of a furniture company

From of Macroergonomic Analysis of Work were diagnosed the main ergonomics demands in a furniture company in the city of Cambé, Paraná. Through this method we could identify the most problematic points of the analyzed environment for posterior solutions of improvement with the objective of increasing the working and psychological quality of the employees, motivating their good performance and satisfaction.

School Leadership View of Human and Organizational Factors in Performance Management: A Comparative Analysis of High- and Low-Performing Schools

This study explored data use in schools, and human and organizational factors associated with performance management systems between high- and low-performing schools in Milwaukee Public Schools, a large urban school district in southeastern Wisconsin. Specifically, this research investigated school improvement planning and use of different types of academic data for decision support from the viewpoint of school leadership. Interviews with principals and observations of school improvement planning meetings were conducted to identify and describe (1) dimensions of data and data use and (2) the human and organization factors in school-based performance management systems between high- and low-performing schools. Implications for macroergonomic analysis in school-based performance management systems and differentiated designs for school support are discussed.