Machines In Cloud Data Centers Research Articles

An effective deep learning architecture leveraging BIRCH clustering for resource usage prediction of heterogeneous machines in cloud data center

An effective deep learning architecture leveraging BIRCH clustering for resource usage prediction of heterogeneous machines in cloud data center

An Energy Efficient Particle Swarm Optimization based VM Allocation for Cloud Data Centre: EEVMPSO

Virtual Machine (VM) allocation are the crucial problems because cloud computing enables the rapid growth of data centres and compute centres. Power consumption and network expenses have increased as cloud computing becomes more and more prevalent. System instability may result from repeated requests for computing resources. One of the most important and difficulties facing virtualization technology is finding the best way to stack virtual machines on top of physical machines in cloud data centres. The host must move virtual machines from overloaded to underloaded hosts as part of load balancing, which has an impact on energy consumption. The proposed energy efficient particle swarm optimization algorithm (EEVMPSO) for Virtual Machine allocation to maximize the load balancing. System resources including CPU, storage, and memory are optimized using EEVMPSO. This research article suggests energy-aware virtual machine migration using the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for dynamic VMs placement, energy efficient cloud data centres as a solution to this issue. The experimental result shown in the proposed method, consumption energy in comparison to the PAPSO, KHA, EALBPSO, and RACC-MDT algorithm by 10.86%, 18.22%, 25.8%, and 31.34% respectively, it demonstrated the improvements in the energy service level agreements violation 5.77%, 15.3%, 26.19%, and 30.4%, as well as the average CPU utilization 2.2%, 24%, 22.6%, and 14.6%.

Improved whale optimization variants for SLA-compliant placement of virtual machines in cloud data centers

Improved whale optimization variants for SLA-compliant placement of virtual machines in cloud data centers

Memory sharing for handling memory overload on physical machines in cloud data centers

Over-committing computing resources is a widely adopted strategy for increased cluster utilization in Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud data centers. A potential consequence of over-committing computing resources is memory overload of physical machines (PMs). Memory overload occurs if memory usage exceeds a defined alarm threshold, exposing running computation tasks at a risk of being terminated by the operating system. A prevailing measure to handle memory overload of a PM is live migration of virtual machines (VMs). However, this not only consumes network bandwidth, CPU, and other resources, but also compels a temporary unavailability of the VMs being migrated. To handle memory overload, we present a memory sharing system in this paper for PMs in cloud data centers. With memory sharing, a PM automatically borrows memory from a remote PM when necessary, and releases the borrowed memory when memory overload disappears. This is implemented through swapping inactive memory pages to remote memory resource. Experimental studies conducted on InfiniBand-networked PMs show that the memory sharing system is fully functional. The measured throughput and latency are around 929 Mbps and 1.3 mus, respectively, on average for remote memory access. They are similar to those from accessing a local-volatile memory express solid-state drive, and thus are promising in real applications.

Improving Dynamic Placement of Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers Based on Open-Source Development Model Algorithm

Improving Dynamic Placement of Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers Based on Open-Source Development Model Algorithm

A Performance Perspective of Live Migration of Virtual Machine in Cloud Data Center with Future Directions

A Performance Perspective of Live Migration of Virtual Machine in Cloud Data Center with Future Directions

Binary Self-Adaptive Salp Swarm Optimization-Based Dynamic Load Balancing in Cloud Computing

In the recent era of cloud computing, the huge demand for virtual resource provisioning requires mitigating the challenges of uniform load distribution as well as efficient resource utilization among the virtual machines in cloud datacenters. Salp swarm optimization is one of the simplest, yet efficient metaheuristic techniques to balance the load among the VMs. The proposed methodology has incorporated self-adaptive procedures to deal with the unpredictable population of the tasks being executed in cloud datacenters. Moreover, a sigmoid transfer function has been integrated to solve the discrete problem of tasks assigned to the appropriate VMs. Thus, the proposed algorithm binary self-adaptive salp swarm optimization has been simulated and compared with some of the recent metaheuristic approaches, like BSO, MPSO, and SSO for conflicting scheduling quality of service parameters. It has been observed from the result analysis that the proposed algorithm outperforms in terms of makespan, response time, and degree of load imbalance while maximizing the resource utilization.

Optimizing the Migration of Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers

Dynamic resource allocation of cloud data centers is implemented with the use of virtual machine migration. Selected virtual machines (VM) should be migrated on appropriate destination servers. This is a critical step and should be performed according to several criteria. It is proposed to use the criteria of minimum resource wastage and service level agreement violation. The optimization problem of the VM placement according to two criteria is formulated, which is equivalent to the well-known main assignment problem in terms of the structure, necessary conditions, and the nature of variables. It is suggested to use the Hungarian method or to reduce the problem to a closed transport problem. This allows the exact solution to be obtained in real time. Simulation has shown that the proposed approach outperforms widely used bin-packing heuristics in both criteria.

A Balanced Scheduling Algorithm for Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers Based on Dynamic Machine Learning Algorithm

A Balanced Scheduling Algorithm for Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers Based on Dynamic Machine Learning Algorithm

Resource clustering algorithm for cloud data centers

Recently, the virtual machine deployment algorithm uses physical machine less or consumes higher energy in data centers, resulting in declined service quality of cloud data centers or rising operational costs, which leads to a decrease in cloud service provider’s earnings finally. According to this situation, a resource clustering algorithm for cloud data centers is proposed. This algorithm systematically analyzes the cloud data center model and physical machine’s use ratio, establishes the dynamic resource clustering rules through k-means clustering algorithm, and deploys the virtual machines based on clustering results, so as to promote the use ratio of physical machine and bring down energy consumption in cloud data centers. The experimental results indicate that, regarding the compute-intensive virtual machines in cloud data centers, compared to contrast algorithm, the physical machine’s use ratio of this algorithm is improved by 12% on average, and its energy consumption in cloud data center is lowered by 15% on average. Regarding the general-purpose virtual machines in cloud data center, compared to contrast algorithm, the physical machine’s use ratio is improved by 14% on average, and its energy consumption in cloud data centers is lowered by 12% on average. Above results demonstrate that this method shows a good effect in the resource management of cloud data centers, which may provide reference to some extent.

A Virtual Machine Migration Mechanism Based on Firefly Optimization for Cloud Computing

Background: Cloud computing is one of the prominent technology revolutions around us. It is changing the ways the consumer expends services, changing the ways the organization develop and run applications and is completely reshaping the old business models in multiple industries. Cloud service providers need large-scale data centers for offering cloud resources to users, the electric power consumed by these data centers has become a concrete and prudential concern. Most of the energy is dissipated in these data centers due to under-utilized hosts, which also subsidies to global warming. The broadly adept technology is virtual machine migration in cloud computing, therefore, the main focus is to save energy. Objective: Virtual Machine (VM) migration can reap various objectives like load balancing, ubiquitous computing, power management, fault tolerance, server maintenance, etc. This paper presents an energy-oriented mechanism for VM migration based on firefly optimization that reduces energy consumption and the number of VM migrations to a great extent. Method: A Firefly Optimization (FFO) oriented VM migration mechanism has been proposed, which allocates tasks to the physical machines in cloud data centers. It strives to migrates high loaded VMs from one physical node to another, which induces minimum energy consumption after VM migration. Results: The empirical result shows that the FFO based mechanism, implemented in the CloudSim simulator, performs better in terms of the number of hosts saved up to 13.91% in contrast to the First Fit Decreasing (FFD) algorithm and 8.21% as compared to Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). It reduced energy consumption up to 12.76% as compared to FFD and 7.78% as compared to ACO and, ultimately lesser number of migrations up to 52.49% when compared to FFD and 44.51% as compared to ACO. Conclusion: The proposed scheme performs better in terms of saving hosts, reducing energy consumption, and decreasing the number of migrations in contrast to FFD and ACO techniques. The research paper also presents challenges and issues in cloud computing, VM migration process, VM migration techniques, their comparative review as well.

Deep reinforcement learning for multi-objective placement of virtual machines in cloud datacenters

The ubiquitous diffusion of cloud computing requires suitable management policies to face the workload while guaranteeing quality constraints and mitigating costs. The typical trade-off is between the used power and the adherence to a service-level metric subscribed by customers. To this aim, a possible idea is to use an optimization-based placement mechanism to select the servers where to deploy virtual machines. Unfortunately, high packing factors could lead to performance and security issues, e.g., virtual machines can compete for hardware resources or collude to leak data. Therefore, we introduce a multi-objective approach to compute optimal placement strategies considering different goals, such as the impact of hardware outages, the power required by the datacenter, and the performance perceived by users. Placement strategies are found by using a deep reinforcement learning framework to select the best placement heuristic for each virtual machine composing the workload. Results indicate that our method outperforms bin packing heuristics widely used in the literature when considering either synthetic or real workloads.

Power efficient virtual machine placement in cloud data centers with a discrete and chaotic hybrid optimization algorithm

Cloud computing is a new computation technology that provides services to consumers and businesses. The main idea of Cloud computing is to present software and hardware services through the Internet to the users and organizations at all levels. In Cloud computing, the users pay for the services, which means a usage-based payment system is used in this technology. Using virtualization technology in computation resources enables the appropriate utilization of resources in cloud computing. One of the most significant challenging issues in virtualization technology is the placement of optimal virtual machines on physical machines in cloud data centers. The placement of virtual machines comprises a process wherein virtual machines are mapped onto physical machines in cloud data centers. Optimal deployment leads to the reduction in power consumption, optimal use of resources, traffic reduction in data centers, costs reduction, and efficiency enhancement of the data center in the cloud. The present article proposed a new approach using a combination of the Sine–Cosine Algorithm and Salp Swarm Algorithm as discrete multi-objective and chaotic functions for optimal virtual machine placement. The first goal of the proposed algorithm was to reduce the power consumption in cloud data centers by condensing the number of active physical machines. The second goal was to reduce the waste of resources and manage it by optimally virtual machine placement on physical machines in cloud data centers. The third objective was to minimize and reduce Service Level Agreement among the active physical machines in cloud data centers. The proposed method prevent the increase in the migration of virtual machines onto physical machines. Ultimately, the results obtained from the proposed algorithm were compared with those of previous akin algorithms in the literature, including First Fit, Virtual Machine Placement Ant Colony System, and Modified Best Fit Decreasing. The proposed scheme is tested using Amazon EC2 Instances and the result indicated that the proposed algorithm performs better than the existing algorithms for various performance metrics.

Virtual machine placement in cloud data centers using a hybrid multi-verse optimization algorithm

Cloud computing is a computing paradigm, where a large pool of systems is connected in private or public networks to provide dynamically scalable infrastructure for application, data, and file storage. With the advent of this technology, the cost of power computation, application hosting, content storage, resource wastage, and delivery is reduced significantly. Cloud computing provides the possibility of merely concentrating on business goals instead of expanding hardware resources for users. Challenging work in virtualization technology is the placement of virtual machines under optimal conditions on physical machines in cloud data centers. Optimal placement of virtual machines over physical ones in cloud data centers can lead to the management of resources and prevention of the resources waste. Hereby, a new approach is proposed based on the combination of the hybrid discrete multi-object whale optimization algorithm, multi-verse optimizer with chaotic functions for optimal placement in the cloud data center. The first object of the proposed algorithm is to decrease power consumption, which is consumed in cloud data centers by reducing active physical machines. The second goal is to cut the resource wastage and managing resources using the optimal placement of virtual machines over physical machines in cloud data centers. With this method, the increasing rate of virtual migration to physical machines is prevented. Finally, the results obtained from the proposed algorithm were compared to some algorithms such as first fit, VMPACS, MBFD.

CPU usage prediction for cloud resource provisioning based on deep belief network and particle swarm optimization

SummaryResource usage prediction is increasingly important in cloud computing environments, and CPU usage prediction is especially helpful for improving the efficiency of resource provisioning and reducing energy consumption of cloud datacenters. However, accurate CPU usage prediction remains a challenge and few works have been done on predicting CPU usage of physical machines in cloud datacenters. In this article, we present a deep belief network (DBN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) based CPU usage prediction algorithm, which is named DP‐CUPA and aimed to provide more accurate prediction results. The DP‐CUPA consists of three main steps. First, the historic data on CPU usage are preprocessed and normalized. Then, the autoregressive model and grey model are adopted as base prediction models and trained to provide extra input information for training DBN. Finally, the PSO is used to estimate DBN parameters and the DBN neural network is trained to predict CPU usage. The effectiveness of the DP‐CUPA is evaluated by extensive experiments with a real‐world dataset of Google cluster usage trace.

Bandwidth allocation for communicating virtual machines in cloud data centers

High-performance computing in a cloud environment may require massive data transfer among some of the virtual machines (VMs). These VMs are deployed in physical machines (hosts) of a data center. The data transfer among the communicating VMs may use the same shared communication links of the data center. Hence, it is important to have efficient bandwidth allocation policies for different data transfer requests (DTRs) which result in better utilization of bandwidth and fair allocation among the DTRs. In this paper, a few bandwidth allocation policies are proposed and their performances are analyzed. While designing these policies, the objective is the maximization of throughput and bandwidth utilization while minimizing the service time and turnaround time. Some of the policies are based on integer linear programming (ILP) which runs in exponential time while others are based on polynomial-time heuristics. Experimental results show that the performances of heuristic-based policies are comparable to those given by ILP-based exponential time policies.

The Placement of Virtual Machines Under Optimal Conditions in Cloud Datacenter

Nowadays cloud computing is progressing very fast and has resulted in advances in other technologies too. Cloud computing provides quite a convenient platform for millions of users to use computing resources through the internet. Cloud computing provides the possibility of only concentrating on business goals instead of expanding hardware resources for users. Using virtualization technology in computing resources results in the efficient use of resources. A challenging work in virtualization technology is the placement of virtual machines under optimal conditions on physical machines in cloud data centers. Optimal placement of virtual machines on physical machines in cloud data centers can lead to the management of resources and prevention of the resources waste. In this paper, a new method is proffered based on the combination of hybrid discrete multi-object sine cosine algorithm and multi-verse optimizer for optimal placement. The first goal of the proposed approach is to decrease the power consumption which is consumed in cloud data centers by reducing active physical machines. The second goal is to cut in resource wastage and managing resources using the optimal placement of virtual machines on physical machines in cloud data centers. With this approach, the increasing rate of virtual migration to physical machines is prevented. Finally, the results gained from our proposed algorithm are compared to some algorithms like the first fit (FF), virtual machine placement ant colony system (VMPACS), modified best fit decreasing (MBFD).

Performance Evaluation and Implementation of Tasks in Virtual Machines

In the present situation, it may be essential to build a simple data sharing environment to monitor and protect the unauthorized modification of data. In such case, mechanisms may be required to develop to focus on significant weakened networking with proper solutions. In some situations, block chain data management may be used considering the cloud environment. It is well understood that in virtual environment, allocating resources may have significant role towards evaluating the performance including utilization of resources linked to the data center. Accuracy towards allocation of virtual machines in cloud data centers may be more essential considering the optimization problems in cloud computing. In such cases, it may also be desirable to prioritize on virtual machines linked to cloud data centers. Consolidating the dynamic virtual machines may also permit the virtual server providers to optimize utilization of resources and to focus on energy consumption. In fact, tremendous rise in acquiring computational power driven by modern service applications may be linked towards establishment of large-scale virtualized data centers. Accordingly, the joint collaboration of smart connected devices with data analytics may also enable enormous applications towards different predictive maintenance systems. To obtain the near optimal as well as feasible results in this case, it may be desirable to simulate implementing the algorithms and focusing on application codes. Also, different approaches may also be needed to minimize development time and cost. In many cases, the experimental result proves that the simulation techniques may minimize the cache miss and improve the execution time. In this paper, it has been intended towards distribution of tasks along with implementation mechanisms linked to virtual machines.

SLA-Aware and Energy-Efficient VM Consolidation in Cloud Data Centers Using Robust Linear Regression Prediction Model

Virtual machine (VM) consolidation provides a promising approach to save energy and to improve resource utilization in data centers. However, the aggressive consolidation of virtual machines may lead to service-level agreements (SLA) violation, which is essential for data centers and their users. Therefore, it is very meaningful to strike a tradeoff between power efficient and reduction of SLA violation level. In this paper, we propose a host overloading/underloading detection algorithm and a new VM placement algorithm based on our proposed robust simple linear regression prediction model for SLA-aware and energy-efficient consolidation of virtual machines in cloud data centers. Different from the native linear regression, our proposed methods amend the prediction and squint toward over-prediction by adding the error to the prediction; in this paper, we propose eight methods to calculate the error. We evaluate our proposed algorithms by extended the CloudSim simulator using PlanetLab workload and random workload. The experimental results show that our proposed model can reduce SLA violation rates by at most 99.16% and energy consumption by at most 25.43% for the real-world workload.

Scheduling Reservations of Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Center for Energy Optimization

Scheduling Reservations of Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Center for Energy Optimization