Machine Milking Of Cows Research Articles

Результати тестування доїльної установки типу «ЯЛИНКА» «EUROCLASS 1200»

Abstract The purpose of the research is – to evaluate the milking platform of "Yalynka" ("Herringbone") "EuroClass 1200" type manufactured by "GEA" (Germany) for milking cows based on the results of experimental testing. Research methods. During the testing of the milking parlor "Yalynka" "EuroClass 1200" type the quality of the technological process was determined using the methods described in ISO 5707:2007, ISO 6690:2007, DSTU 7435:2013 and DSTU 3662:2018, operational-technological and economic evaluation was carried out according to DSTU 8424:2015 and DSTU 4397:2005, safety and ergonomics of the equipment were determined according to DSTU EN ISO 12100:2014. Research results. According to the results of experimental testing, it was established that the milking parlor "Yalinka" "EuroClass 1200" type of German production at the appropriate level performs the technological process of machine milking of cows. The obtained research results showed that the average total milking time of one cow is 5,07 minutes, the average intensity of milk excretion as a whole during milking – 2,35 kg / min. Milk obtained during milking cows in terms of quality corresponds to the grade "Extra" in accordance with DSTU 3662: 2018. Devices for controlling the process of milking cows "DemaTron 70" and computer herd management system "Dairy Plan C21" perform the technological process of milking cows in automatic mode, control over the implementation of technical parameters of the milking process, milk accounting and shutdown of milking machines. Based on the results of conformity assessment of the construction of the milking parlor "Yalinka" "EuroClass 1200" type in terms of safety and ergonomics, it is established that it meets the requirements of DSTU EN 12100: 2014 and DSTU 60204-1: 2015 for items related to its design, which is the evidence base of its compliance with the Technical Regulations for the Safety of Machinery and the Technical Regulations for Low-Voltage Electrical Equipment. Productivity of the milking installation-platform makes 70 heads / hour. Serves the milking parlor 2 operators of machine milking. Electricity consumption per milking a cow is 0,13 kWh. Annual operating costs are 4247 UAH / head in the conditions of 3 times milking of cows. Conclusions. For the first time in Ukraine, experimental testing of the milking parlor "Yalinka" "EuroClass 1200" type showed that the equipment satisfactorily performs the technological process of machine milking of cows with their loose housing and provides milk of the "Extra" grade. The «Euroclass 1200» «Yalinka» milking parlor is characterized by a high technical level and can be widely used in Ukraine.

JUSTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTIVE-REGIME PARAMETERS OF VARIABLE RUBBER OF VARIABLE SECTION

Domestic and foreign industries do not produce milking machines that would fully comply with the physiology of animals. Full milking of the udder and reduction of cows with ma-stit significantly depends on the operation of the milking machine. The quality of serial milking cups does not fully meet modern zootechnical requirements. In the process of their work, especially at the beginning and at the end of milking cows, "idle" milking can take place at nominal vacuum. Milking at high vacuum often irritates the teat sphincter, which often causes mastitis in animals, followed by cancer. Also, along with the growth of milk production, its quality is extremely important. The main technical solutions for milking machines with controlled change of vacuum pressure are analyzed. Some theoretical and experimental studies of the milking machine, which provides a reduction of the vacuum load on the udder and a rigid vibration effect on the teat sphincter at nominal vacuum in the process of machine milking cows. Despite the many known solutions to improve the milking machine, the task of creating a design that combines high productivity and stimulation of the reflex remains relevant. Designs of milking machines are now being improved mainly in two directions, namely - the development of milking machines that allow you to adjust the operating parameters depending on the level of milk yield and design improvements of milking machines that stimulate the milk reflex without causing the animal negative effects. Theoretical studies of the working process of machine milking allowed to systematize the method of engineering calculation of the milking machine with controlled mode of vacuum pressure on the teats of the cow and to determine the optimal design parameters of the executive mechanisms. The obtained analytical expressions characterize the influence of their parameters and mode of operation on the dynamics of milk production during machine milking of cows.

Результати тестування сучасноЇ індивідуальної доїльної установки

The purpose of the research: comprehensive assessment of the individual milking unit of the company "Kurtsan" (Turkey) during operation. Methods of research: Analysis of the structural features of the individual milking unit performed by the observation method given to test sample, the quality of the machine was evaluated by standardized methods: the quality of the technological process and operational-technological indicators in accordance with the SOU 74.3-37-273, energy indices according to DSTU 2331, economic Indicators according to DSTU 4397, safety indicators and ergonomics according to DSTU IEES 60335-1, DSTU EN 60335-2-70. Research Results: The conducted research confirms a sufficiently high quality of the technological process of selection of milk in cows in the conditions of use of milking installation in a personal economy, which provides favorable conditions for the milking of the cow, taking into account its physiological features. Performance per hour of basic time is 10 heads. Milking installation works on the principle of a closed milking system, thanks to which milk does not contact the environment and immediately from the basin enters a sealed can. Such system protects milk from the possibility of bacterial and physical contamination. Milk obtained during milking by milking installation according to quality indicators (acidity, density, content of somatic cells, mass fraction of dry matter, mass fraction of fat) meets the requirements for the first grade according to DSTU 3662. Milking installation is equipped with a dry vacuum pump. Power consumption during installation does not exceed 0.54 kW. Specific electricity consumption for milking of one cow is 0.05 kWh / head. Annual operating expenses for milking of two cows in the farm are 1591.90 UAH / head. Conclusions. According to the testing of the individual milking plant manufacturing company "KURTSAN", it has been established that this installation reliably performs the technological process of machine milking of cows in milking can for their tethered maintenance and allows you to get milk of the first grade. The total duration of visiting one cow is 5.75 minutes. The average intensity of milk is 1.0 kg / min. Milking machine provides complete bodies of cows. The magnitude of the control manual feed is 50 ml. The milking machine is equipped with an adjustable pulsator of pairwise milking, which creates a manual milking process and works for a working vacuum of 40 ± 1 kPa, which prevents injury to dies and diseases of mastitis. In the cover the "Stop-Milk" system is installed, which prevents milk from entering a vacuum pump during the overflow of the poor, or water while washing All items are compactly assembled on a single cart. However, a small diameter of wheels on an unequal surface creates some inconvenience to the operator during the transportation of the machine with a filled milk capacity. The application of the installation increases the amount of milk received. Its gentle work does not harm the emotional and physical health of the cow: the dysfunctions during operation are not pushed, and light vibration creates a massage effect. Milking installation allows you to significantly reduce the labor of service personnel in an economy with a maintenance of 1 to 10 cows.

THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF SOME STRUCTURAL-TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MILKING MACHINEWITH DRIVING DRIVING MODE

An analysis of the technical solutions of milking machines with controlled vacuum mode and theoretical studies of the operation of the milking machine actuator, which allows to reduce the vacuum load on the udder and the impact on the sphincter of the cervix and prevent "idle" milking in high vacuum in the machine process. The completeness of milking cows and reducing the incidence of their mastitis depends to some extent on the operation of milking equipment. Performance indicators of the technological process of serial milking equipment do not always fully comply with the current zootechnical requirements. During their work at the beginning and at the end of the milking of the animal there may be a process of "idle" milking at high vacuum, which often leads to the disease of animals with mastitis and subsequent culling. Along with the increase in milk production, quality is becoming extremely important. The analysis of the known technical solutions of milking machines with a controlled mode of milking shows that the domestic and foreign industry do not produce milking machines with a controlled mode of milking, which fully correspond to the physiology of animals. In our opinion, the most effective one is to consider a milking machine with a low-inertial milk flow sensor, which controls the vacuum mode, both in poddyah and interstitial chambers of milking glasses. Conducted theoretical studies of the working process of machine milking allowed to systematize the engineering calculation method of milking machine with a controlled mode of operation and to determine the optimal design parameters of the actuators. The analytical expressions obtained characterize the influence of their parameters and mode of operation on the dynamics of milk production during machine milking of cows.

THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS MILK FILTER

Machine milking of cows is an important technological process of dairy farming. The advantages of this process are a significant increase in the productivity of the milking machine operator and a significant ease in its operation. However, there are disadvantages in the process of machine milking, among which is the imperfection of milking equipment. This applies in particular to milk filters. Their main disadvantages are poor performance and operating cost of replacing the filter element. Based on the analysis of known design schemes, a new design of the milk filter was developed in order to increase the efficiency of the operational parameters of the milking plant. The proposed design meets the zootechnical requirements. Using a developed milk filter will improve the quality of milk purification in the stream, while it has a simple design and low operating costs for the replacement of the filter element. The structural parameters of the proposed milk filter were calculated taking into account the hydraulic resistance of milk passing through it. The parameters of the valve mechanism of the outlet branch pipe are determined as a basis for the calculation of cylindrical springs of tension-compression under the action of hydraulic pressure.

Computer System for Temperature Diagnostics of Cows

Abstract The objective of the paper was to draw out a functional profile of a new computer system for temperature diagnostics of cows. This device enables oestrus detection including the silent one, early pregnancy (from the 5th day of insemination), acute inflammatory conditions and subclinical mastitis in a non-invasive manner during machine milking of cows. For diagnostic purposes one type of the measurement sensor was used, which is a unique feature in comparison to diagnostic devices mass produced and available on the market. A microprocessor module of the new milking system has intelligent devices features. It is construed of modern analogue and digital subassemblies and specialised measurement interfaces. The program structure of the system enables processing of automatically registered milk temperature values during cow milking on account of requirements of cow temperature diagnostics.

Cortisol in Saliva and Plasma of Cattle After ACTH Administration and Milking

Interest in the measurement of salivary cortisol has increased recently because saliva can be easily collected before and after an imposed stress. This study evaluated the relationship between plasma and salivary concentrations of cortisol following ACTH administration in calves (experiment 1) and machine milking of adult cows (experiment 2). A catheter was inserted into the jugular vein of all animals 72h before the beginning of experiments. Blood and saliva samples were collected before and after ACTH administration (0.6 IU/kg BW) in calves or before and after machine milking of cows. Using a cotton swab, each saliva sample was taken immediately following the blood sample. In general, cortisol profiles were similar in plasma and saliva and correlated in both experiments; however, plasma concentrations were significantly higher than salivary concentrations. In addition, the differences between cortisol concentrations measured in saliva and plasma within each experiment varied substantially between animals and samples. Furthermore, in experiment 2, nearly 10% of salivary samples were below limits of detection. The sharp peaks in cortisol after ACTH administration in both the plasma and saliva were reflected adrenal stimulation. In addition, increases in cortisol in response to milking in both the plasma and saliva suggest that salivary sampling is a reliable option when studying cortisol responses to normal physiological events.

Milk-ejection activity (oxytocin) in the external jugular vein blood of the cow, goat and sow, in relation to the stimulus of milking or suckling.

SUMMARY Milk-ejection activity (oxytocin) was assayed in the external jugular vein blood of cows, goats and sows during milking or suckling. The hormone was extracted from blood plasma by gel filtration, followed by lyophilization and then assayed in the lactating guinea-pig by the increase in intramammary pressure after intra-arterial injection. Serial blood samples were taken during machine milking of cows which had been accustomed to the milking routine and blood sampling procedure. The stimulus most consistently followed by a transient appearance of oxytocin in the jugular vein blood was the application of the teat cups. In some cases, there was a second release of oxytocin, later in the milking process, unrelated to any apparent stimulus. There was no evidence in these experiments of any conditioning of oxytocin release to visual, auditory or olfactory stimuli associated with the milking routine. Serial blood samples were taken during hand-milking of goats which had been accustomed to the milking routine and blood sampling procedure. Oxytocin was detected in jugular vein blood in only a minority of experimental milkings. Irrespective of whether oxytocin was found in the jugular blood the milk yield at the experimental milking did not differ appreciably from the value to be expected from comparable milkings for the preceding week. Serial blood samples were obtained from sows during suckling, the animals having been accustomed to the presence of the experimenter and the blood sampling procedure. In most of the experimental sucklings oxytocin was found in the blood. The occurrence of the hormone was transient and it was usually released just before the milk-ejection phase. In most of the cases in which no hormone was detected in the blood the piglets obtained no milk as judged by their behaviour. The results suggest that in the cow and sow the milk-ejection reflex is a neurohormonal reflex involving the release of oxytocin. On the other hand, in the goat, provided the animals are carefully hand-milked, normal milk yields can be obtained without the release of oxytocin.