Lycophytes Research Articles

Nuevos registros de licofitas y helechos para el estado de Puebla, México

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Son pocos los trabajos florísticos que se han publicado sobre licofitas y helechos (pteridofitas en conjunto) de Puebla, México, por lo que se considera muy probable que la riqueza de especies en el estado sea mayor a la que se tiene documentada hasta el momento. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar nuevos registros de este grupo de plantas para la entidad, incluyendo su distribución municipal y altitudinal, así como el tipo de vegetación en que se presentan. Métodos: De 2010 a 2018 se efectuaron diversos viajes de recolección a distintas localidades de Puebla, durante los cuales se recolectaron y herbori­zaron ejemplares de licofitas y helechos, que fueron identificados y depositados en el Herbario de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAMIZ). La información generada se confrontó con la lista de especies reportadas en la literatura para la entidad, lo que permitió reconocer los nuevos registros. Resultados clave: Se documenta por primera vez para Puebla la presencia de 32 especies y un híbrido de licofitas y helechos, la mayoría de las cuales pertenecen a las familias Pteridaceae, Dryopteridaceae y Aspleniaceae, crecen en bosque mesófilo de montaña y vegetación derivada de bosque tropical perennifolio, entre 250 y 2500 m de altura. Conclusiones: Los nuevos registros incrementan de 335 a 367 el número de especies de licofitas y helechos que habitan en el estado de Puebla y ponen en evidencia la necesidad de continuar con el trabajo de exploración en la entidad.

Threatened lycophytes and ferns in four Protected Areas of Mindanao, Philippines

Threatened lycophytes and ferns in four Protected Areas of Mindanao, Philippines

Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. IV. Isoëtaceae

We provide a synopsis to the lycophyte family Isoëtaceae in Bolivia, comprising six species, two of which are endemic to the country.

COMPOSITION AND OCCURRENCE OF THE GRANDISPORA MACULOSA ZONAL ASSEMBLAGE (MISSISSIPPIAN) IN THE SUBSURFACE OF THE CARNARVON BASIN AND THE COOLCALALAYA SUB-BASIN OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AND ITS GONDWANAN DISTRIBUTION

The Grandispora maculosa miospore assemblage – initially described in 1968 from Middle-Late Mississippian strata of New South Wales (eastern Australia) – is well represented in samples examined herein from 10 Western Australian subsurface sections located in the northern Perth Basin (Coolcalalaya Sub-basin) and, to its immediate north, in several sub-basins of the southern and northern sectors of the Carnarvon Basin. Of particular stratigraphic-correlative importance is the presence of the eponymous G. maculosa together with, inter alia, Reticulatisporites magnidictyus, Verrucosisporites quasigobbettii, V. gregatus, Apiculiretusispora tersa, Raistrickia accinta, R. radiosa, Foveosporites pellucidus , and Cordylosporites asperidictyus . Four species are newly described herein: Apiculatasporites spiculatus, Dibolisporites sejunctus, Raistrickia corymbiata, and Vallatisporites valentulus . Published accounts from elsewhere in Gondwana collectively signify the widespread dissemination of the G. maculosa palynoflora, particularly through northern and western regions of the supercontinent, thus affording an effective means of intra-Gondwanan stratal correlation. Limited absolute dating and stratigraphic-successional considerations across Gondwana indicate that the age of the G. maculosa Assemblage can be bracketed within the middle Visean-early Serpukhovian of the Middle-Late Mississippian. This age is supported by the complete absence of bilaterally symmetrical, non-striate, saccate pollen grains, produced by walchian conifers, which were introduced globally (including in Australia) and near-synchronously late in the Serpukhovian. Cryptogamic land plants (ferns, articulates, lycophytes) are the inferred source of the palynoflora.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal, Mucoromycotina and dark septate fungi in ferns and lycophytes with distribution in Mexico: a global review

Ferns and lycophytes are a group of vascular plants of interest to understand the evolution of mycorrhizal interactions; their preservation is of relevance for their multiple ecological relations. The record of different taxonomic groups of fungi associated with ferns and lycophytes is fragmentary, and the criteria for it identification is inconsistent, which hinders the understanding and determination of mycorrhizal status. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of the species of ferns and lycophytes with distribution in Mexico, and with information of fungal interactions. A checklist of the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Mucoromycotina and dark septate fungi (DSF) associated with ferns and lycophytes was integrated through an exhaustive global literature search. In this study, mycorrhizal species was considered by the presence of arbuscules to differentiate with hyphal, vesicular and coils colonization. The study gathered a checklist of mycorrhizal occurrences of 27 families, 61 genus and 137 species of ferns and lycophytes, which covers 13.4 % of the species, 91 % of the genus and 77 % of the families distributed in Mexico. The 78.1 % of the species showed colonization, 56.2 % by AMF, 29.9 % by DSF and 0.72 % by Mucoromycotina fungi. From the total of the species, the higher presences of colonization were in terrestrial, epiphytic, saxicolous, and aquatic plants with 76.6 %, 33.3 %, 20 %, and 6.3 %, respectively. The families of ferns and lycophytes with the higher number of species colonized were Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae and Dryopteridaceae. The present study showed the widespread associations of AMF and DSF in ferns and lycophytes of Mexico. It is urgently needed to include ferns and lycophytes in studies focused on endomycorhizal interactions, since only 28 species (28 %) were studied in Mexican ecosystems. The majority of studies were focused on sporophytic face (80 %). Nonetheless, to understand the role that plays the mycorrhiza in the establishment of ferns and lycophytes, it is necessary to include the gametophytic face in ecological, molecular and physiological experimental studies. This information is important to implement conservation strategies, because a considerable number of ferns and lycophytes species, depend on these mycorrhizal associations for their growth and survival.

Patrones de diversidad y distribución de helechos y licopodios en un bosque mesófilo de montaña de México

La relación de la riqueza, diversidad y distribución de especies de helechos y licopodios con algunas variables climáticas y edáficas se analizó en el bosque mesófilo de montaña del municipio de Tlanchinol, Hidalgo. Se establecieron 24 parcelas de muestreo de 400 m2 cada una, en tres pisos altitudinales situados entre 1,107 y 1,903 m. La diversidad alfa y beta, y el valor de importancia relativa (VIR) de las especies se estimaron en cada parcela. La relación entre la riqueza, diversidad, VIR y las variables ambientales se estableció mediante análisis de redundancia, regresión lineal y árboles de regresión. Pocas especies presentaron VIR altos por parcela; los valores de riqueza y diversidad no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P < 0.05) con respecto a la altitud, pero sí con la temperatura mínima del mes más frío, precipitación del trimestre más cálido, orientación y pendiente. La diversidad beta incrementó con la altitud; esta diversidad fue baja entre pisos cercanos y alta en los extremos del gradiente. La distribución de las especies se relacionó positivamente con la materia orgánica, isotermalidad y contenido de sodio; y negativamente con la precipitación del mes más seco, evapotranspiración real anual y evapotranspiración real en la temporada de lluvias.

Potencial Utilitário de Licófitas e Samambaias: Aplicabilidade ao Contexto Amazônico

O uso de plantas para fins alimenticios, medicinais ou fonte de renda e comumente citado para plantas vasculares superiores, porem, pouco se sabe sobre o uso de licofitas e samambaias. Ha registros sobre o uso medicinal dessas plantas na Amazonia, no entanto, sao relegadas, muitas vezes, apenas ao carater ornamental. O presente estudo teve por objetivos: contribuir com o conhecimento de licofitas e samambaias na Amazonia brasileira, atraves do levantamento das especies na Ilha de Trambioca, Barcarena, Para; e apontar formas de uso das especies, atraves de referencias encontradas na literatura. O material botânico foi coletado entre os anos 2007 e 2009, o material testemunho foi depositado no Herbario Joao Murca Pires (MG) e as informacoes relativas a utilidade das especies foram obtidas em diferentes fontes bibliograficas. Foram registradas 41 especies pertencentes a 28 generos e 15 familias, sendo Pteridaceae (10 spp.), Polypodiaceae (7 spp.), Hymenophyllaceae (6 spp.) e Lomariopsidaceae (5 spp.) as mais representativas. Das 41 especies registradas, 20 foram identificadas com algum potencial utilitario, em sua maioria, medicinais (16 spp.) e ornamentais (7 spp.), e uma minoria com finalidade ritualistica (3 spp.), propriedades toxicas (2 spp.) ou comestiveis (1 sp.). Apesar da pequena quantidade de informacoes disponiveis sobre o uso dessas plantas, varias aplicacoes foram apontadas neste estudo, o que evidencia a necessidade de pesquisas a fim de investigar as propriedades atribuidas a elas, identificar mais especies utilizadas e incentivar o uso sustentavel das mesmas. Palavras-chave: Amazonia, Para, samambaias, usos, medicinal.

Palinoestratigrafía de la Formación Salto del Macho, Paleógeno de la Cuenca de Ñirihuau, Argentina

Fil: Cornou, Maria Elina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Bahia Blanca. Instituto Geologico del Sur; Argentina

Biogeographic analysis and key to the genera of ferns and lycophytes of Mburucuyá National Park, Corrientes, Argentina

Fil: Meza Torres, Esteban Ismael. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botanica del Nordeste (i); Argentina;

The Lycopods (Phylum Lycopodiophyta); Clubmosses, Firmosses, Spikemosses and Quillworts, in Manitoba

The Lycopods (Phylum Lycopodiophyta); Clubmosses, Firmosses, Spikemosses and Quillworts, in Manitoba

Phylogeny and evolution of charophytic algae and land plants

Charophytic algae and land plants together make up a monophyletic group, streptophytes, which represents one of the main lineages of multicellular eukaryotes and has contributed greatly to the change of the environment on earth in the Phanerozoic Eon. Significant progress has been made to understand phylogenetic relationships among members of this group by phylogenetic studies of morphological and molecular data over the last twenty-five years. Mesostigma viride is now regarded as among the earliest diverging unicellular organisms in streptophytes. Characeae are the sister group to land plants. Liverworts represent the first diverging lineage of land plants. Hornworts and lycophytes are extant representatives of bryophytes and vascular plants, respectively, when early land plants changed from gametophyte to sporophyte as the dominant generation in the life cycle. Equisetum, Psilotaceae, and ferns constitute the monophyletic group of monilophytes, which are sister to seed plants. Gnetales are related to conifers, not to angiosperms as previously thought. Amborella, Nymphaeales, Hydatellaceae, Illiciales, Trimeniaceae, and Austrobaileya represent the earliest diverging lineages of extant angiosperms. These phylogenetic results, together with recent progress on elucidating genetic and developmental aspects of the plant life cycle, multicellularity, and gravitropism, will facilitate evolutionary developmental studies of these key traits, which will help us to gain mechanistic understanding on how plants adapted to environmental challenges when they colonized the land during one of the major transitions in evolution of life.