Lviv Polytechnic National University Research Articles

Assessing the effectiveness of implementing immersive technologies within university sustainable development systems

The subject of this study is the processes of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of immersive technologies in the systems of sustainable development at universities. The problem that determined the purpose of the work is the lack of methodological tools for assessing the level of efficiency in the implementation of immersive technologies on the basis of sustainable development (using an example of Lviv Polytechnic National University). The authors’ toolkit includes a system of indicators, a methodological approach to the use of software for their evaluation, and a matrix for interpreting the results. The choice of the efficiency assessment method is based on the theory of fuzzy sets. The study of the factors influencing the effectiveness of the implementation of immersive technologies in the educational process has made it possible to form a system of integrated indicators, including indicators designed to comprehensively identify its level in the student and teaching environments. The indicator of effectiveness of immersive technologies implemented by students contributes to a thorough analysis of their ability to generate innovations based on such technologies. This indicator allows lecturers to determine the level of effectiveness of the use of immersive technologies in teaching. Taking into account the ideology embedded in the sustainable development systems of universities, the authors' indicators reflect the principles of sustainability. The GE/McKinsey matrix was adapted for the purpose of economic interpretation of mathematical results. The designed methodological tools were tested for courses at the Lviv Polytechnic. The following levels of student performance were obtained: 83.5, 61.5, and 69.8 units, lecturers – 91.2, 78.4, and 82.7 units, which indicates the productivity of lecturer training and a high level of students' understanding of project work tasks. This proved the validity and possibility of using the tools in university practice

CURRENT STATE OF THE HIGHER TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRENDS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES

Ukraine is a part of the European educational environment and obligatorily reacts to global changes, thus Ukraine strives to improve modern higher education and, in particular, technical education. Higher education is an integral part of the harmonious life of a modern, developed citizen, and obtaining it is a key to success in the modern world. Every year certain changes occur in the system of higher education at the global level, and Ukraine doesn’t stay aside. With the challenge of today’s requirements, the introduction of the latest methods and learning technologies is an important component of further success and the highly qualified employees’ training. The main problem that leading experts in the field of education care about and try to eliminate, is to overcome difficulties and obstacles that arise. Higher technical education has been attracting applicants from different parts of Ukraine for many years, as specialists in various technical specialties are in high demand on the labor market. The system of higher technical education in Ukraine is constantly developing and, as a result, the personnel potential, that is responsible for the specialist’s training in various fields, is increasing. The article examines the system of higher technical education on the example of three technical universities of Ukraine: National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University and Lviv Polytechnic National University. The article analyzes institutes, faculties and specialties that provide technical training. The number of educational programs at each educational degree is shown and the possibilities of obtaining the corresponding degree are investigated. Development and improvement prospects in various higher technical institutions of Ukraine are outlined.

THE THEME OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR IN THE LINGUODIDACTIC DIMENSION

Over the past decade, the topic of war has been a key one in various scientific discourses. Linguistic studies are also increasingly focusing on it. But today, this topic is still poorly studied in linguodidactics, particularly in teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language (UFL). This confirms the significance of this paper. The article analyzes the training materials (texts and exercises) for teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language (UFL), which reveal the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war, starting from 2014 to the present day. Linguistic and cultural content of the new textbooks in UFL is considered. The focus is on the educational materials of the textbook “The Key to Ukraine: Cities and People” in two parts (B2–C1 levels) and the textbook “Catch Skovoroda” (B1–B2 levels). Both books were prepared by the authors of the International Institute for Education, Culture and Diaspora Relations of Lviv Polytechnic National University. These textbooks take into account the historical and political events taking place in Ukrainian society and influencing the development of the Ukrainian language, in particular its lexical system. The article analyzes texts for reading and listening, new military vocabulary given in them, pre- and post-text exercises and tasks aimed at developing communication skills. Studying these materials will help foreign speakers to master military neologisms faster, ensure understanding of the news content in Ukrainian media, promote pro-Ukrainian narratives, and allow them to communicate on this topic in various fields. In addition, the realization of the topic of the Russian-Ukrainian war in UFL textbooks will help foreigners to develop socio-cultural competence about Ukrainians in the most difficult period of their lives and will evoke a sense of empathy for the heroic Ukrainian people. Key words: Ukrainian as a foreign language, linguodidactics, foreign language audience, Russian-Ukrainian war, textbook “The Key to Ukraine: Cities and People”, textbook “Catch Skovoroda”.

Teaching Peace in Times of War: Perspectives from a Ukrainian University

How do you teach about peacebuilding and build the skills necessary to do the work during active war? This article shares an interview, conducted October 9, 2023, with two university professors from the Department of Sociology and Social Work (DSSW) at L’viv Polytechnic National University (LPNU). Asked to focus on their own experiences in the interview, the scholars reflect on what it has been like to try to teach not only the theories, but also the practical skills required for the living profession that is social work and community development, essentially peacebuilding skills, since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The interview considers not only the challenges to the professors and their university, but also thoughts on building and keeping up morale, followed by musings as to what their work will be once the war ends.

Випробування кумарон-інден-карбазольної смоли та модифікованих нею бітумів

DOI: 10.31081/1681-309X-2024-0-1-26-33 Specialty 161. U.D.C. 665.775.4 TESTING OF COUMARONE-INDENE-CARBAZOLE RESIN AND BITUMEN MODIFIED BY IT © Yu.V. Prysiazhnyi, PhD in Technical Sciences, S.V. Pyshyev, Doctor of Technical Sciences (Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S. Bandera Str., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine) The article shows the importance of research aimed at obtaining road bitumen modifiers from nontarget products of coal thermal processing, in particular, by further processing of high-boiling fractions that are separated from liquid coal coking products. The results obtained in this area indicate the effectiveness of using modified coumarone-indene-carbazole resins as a polymeric modifier of road oil bitumen. Laboratory tests were carried out. As starting materials, we used bitumen of BND 70/100 grade, obtained at PJSC “Ukrtatnafta”, and coumarone-indene-carbazole resin synthesized by ionic cooligomerization from a narrow coumarone-indene fraction (140-190 °C) and carbazole. The modification of road bitumen with coumarone-indene-carbazole resin was carried out to determine the quality characteristics of the resulting modified binder. By changing the mass content of coumarone-indene-carbazole resin in bitumen, several series of modification were performed. The resin consumption was set based on the consumption of industrial adhesives – 0.1 to 2.0 % by weight. The conditions for mixing the modifier with bitumen were as follows: temperature – 190 °C; duration – 60 minutes; modified Reynolds criterion – 109500. Using the modified bitumen, an asphalt mix was prepared, the corresponding asphalt concrete was produced and its quality was analysed. It was found that modification of BND 70/100 road bitumen with coumarone-indene-carbazole resin significantly improves its adhesion, while slightly deteriorating its thermoplastic properties. Coumarone-indene-carbazole resin ultimately improves the physical and mechanical properties of ASG.Dr.Sh.A.NP.I. asphalt concrete, in particular, the water saturation and compressive strength at 20 °C. Keywords: oil processing, coal processing, bitumen, modification, coumarone, indene, carbazole, resin. Corresponding author: Yu.V. Prysyazhnyi, e-mail: yurii.v.prysiazhnyi@lpnu.ua

Асоціативно-смислове поле слова-стимулу росія під час російсько-української війни

The article traces the peculiarities of the images of the linguistic picture of the world and the value orientations of Ukrainian society. The purpose of the study is to analyze the associative field of the word-stimulus russia in the conditions of the current Russian-Ukrainian war, based on the directed associative experiment method. Achieving the specified goal involves the following tasks: to identify associations for the designation of the stimulus word russia that were used by the survey participants; determine the structure of the associative-semantic field of the russia stimulus word; outline the main thematic groups of the stimulus word russia; to determine quantitative indicators of reactions within the associative field. As a result of the survey conducted among the students of the Lviv Polytechnic National University, 685 word-reactions to the russia stimulus word were found and the frequency of the associates use in the core (49%), near (30%) and distant periphery (21%) was determined. The core of the associative field contains the most relevant and stereotyped concepts of the mental lexicon: enemy 78, aggressor 54, swamp 51, bottom 32, rasha (rashka) 18, murderer 16, occupier 14, parasha (parashka) 13, invader 12, moskoviia 12, evil 11, mordor 11, hatred 11. Most of the detected associates have negative meaning, which is the evidence of the disdainful attitude of the informants towards the aggressor country. We can consider only the reactions country, brothers, neighbor, silence to be neutral in meaning. Among the associates, a significant number of expressively marked names was recorded, which indicates the dominance of the emotional level of images of consciousness over the mental one, as well as the maintenance of a certain balance between the objective (logical-conceptual) and subjective (value-motivational) images of consciousness of the speakers. The presence of a significant amount of invective vocabulary among the associates is caused, in our opinion, firstly, by the opportunity to freely express themselves because the questionnaire was anonymous, and, secondly, by negative feelings caused by the word-stimulus. The experimental material confirmed that the generalized perception of Russia after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine shifted from neutral to threatening, and the specific perception made it possible to perceive russia as a real enemy participating in hostilities against our country.

The holistic evaluation system of R&D results under the circular economy conditions

The object of the research is a holistic economic evaluation system of R&D results under the circular economy conditions. The system is based on the example of an innovative product – a three-wheeled electric scooter for disabled people, developed by specialists of the Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukraine). For this purpose, the prospects and problems of the market of the analyzed product in the context of circular economy development are studied and its market place is determined. The price indicators of the R&D result are substantiated based on the aggregation of cost, competitive and income methodological components of the holistic evaluation system, taking into account the provisions of the circular economy. Financial indicators of the project for implementing the R&D result based on the proposed holistic evaluation system are formed. The applied value of the developed holistic evaluation system is to provide the evaluator (developer, consumer, investor) with a range of price indicator values, among which one can choose the necessary, based on contractual conditions, market changes, etc. Unlike the existing methodological developments in the field of pricing for R&D results, the proposed holistic system makes it possible to aggregate the current evaluation approaches. Such aggregation is based on determining and choosing the optimum product price from a set of possible (suitable for the corresponding product, market, business, etc.). The system provides comprehensive economic evaluation, creates the basis for developing flexible management solutions and effective forecasting under the circular economy conditions

КАФЕДРА ДИЗАЙНУ АРХІТЕКТУРНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ «ЛЬВІВСЬКА ПОЛІТЕХНІКА». ПОХОДЖЕННЯ І РОЗВИТОК (ДО 20 РІЧНИЦІ З ДНЯ СТВОРЕННЯ)

The article highlights the activities of the department of architectural environment design of the Lviv Polytechnic National University over 20 years of the 21st century. Since it’s opening on November 28, 2003. It is highlighted why and how it was possible to implement educational ideas, which will be the basis of the concept of educational and creative activity of the department. The directions and catalysts of educational processes, means and measures for activating the individual educational potential of students are highlighted. Named teachers and their contribution to the department development. Named educational, scientific and design experiments, which are conducted at the department to establish new principles of design of the architectural environment, to rebuild destroyed buildings and revive distorted landscapes during the war in Ukraine and after the victory over the Russian Federation.

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЗОНУВАННЯ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ПРОСТОРУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ. НА ПРИКЛАДІ М. ЛЬВОВА

The article is devoted to the research of problems of the functional and planning structure of existing objects of publicly accessible public spaces within the university campuses of the city of Lviv and identifying the main trends in their design and successful functioning. Based on the analysis of the scientific publications and studies that related to this topic, the main aspects of the formation of public space at the universities were presented. Thousands of students enter the universities of Ukraine every year, and all of them daily use the public spaces next to the university buildings, which are the important places for social interaction and communication of students. It is worth noting that the main criterion for the success of public university spaces is the high intensity of their use, which is determined in foreign experience by the involvement of catering and trade establishments in the functional filling of campuses. There are an important arguments, the everyday access and working mode without days off, a large number of incoming groups and to use educational zones with flexible planning in planning structure. While the domestic public spaces at universities operate sporadically, the first floors are equipped with one entrance group, which reduces the number of pedestrian transit connections with the building, and outdated approaches are used to design even modern university public spaces for students. A field survey and analysis of the territory of the academic campuses of Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stepan Gzhitskyi Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Lviv State University of Life Safety of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine was conducted. The main shortcomings of the functioning and operation of these territories were identified and highlighted.

Locomotion characteristics of a wheeled vibration-driven robot with an enhanced pantograph-type suspension.

Introduction: The paper considers the improved design of the wheeled vibration-driven robot equipped with an inertial exciter (unbalanced rotor) and enhanced pantograph-type suspension. The primary purpose and objectives of the study are focused on mathematical modeling, computer simulation, and experimental testing of locomotion conditions of the novel robot prototype. The primary scientific novelty of the present research consists in substantiating the possibilities of implementing the enhanced pantograph-type suspension in order to improve the robot's kinematic characteristics, particularly the average translational speed. Methods: The simplified dynamic diagram of the robot's oscillatory system is developed, and the mathematical model describing its locomotion conditions is derived using the Euler-Lagrange differential equations. The numerical modeling is carried out in the Mathematica software with the help of the Runge-Kutta methods. Computer simulation of the robot motion is performed in the SolidWorks Motion software using the variable step integration method (Gear's method). The experimental investigations of the robot prototype operating conditions are conducted at the Vibroengineering Laboratory of Lviv Polytechnic National University using the WitMotion accelerometers and software. The experimental data is processed in the MathCad software. Results and discussion: The obtained results show the time dependencies of the robot body's basic kinematic parameters (accelerations, velocities, displacements) under different operating conditions, particularly the angular frequencies of the unbalanced rotor. The numerical modeling, computer simulation, and experimental investigations present almost similar results: the smallest horizontal speed of about 1mm/s is observed at the supplied voltage of 3.47V when the forced frequency is equal to 500rpm; the largest locomotion speed is approximately 40mm/s at the supplied voltage of 10V and forced frequency of 1,500rpm. The paper may be interesting for designers and researchers of similar vibration-driven robotic systems based on wheeled chassis, and the results may be used while implementing the experimental and industrial prototypes of vibration-driven robots for various purposes, particularly, for inspecting and cleaning the pipelines. Further investigation on the subject of the paper should be focused on analyzing the relations between the power consumption, average translational speed, and working efficiency of the considerer robot under various operating conditions.

ДИДАКТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ СЛОВНИКІВ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИВЧЕННЯ НІМЕЦЬКОЇ МОВИ ЯК ІНОЗЕМНОЇ

The article analyzes the didactic principles of electronic dictionaries as a type of information and communication technologies when learning German as a second foreign language. The object of analysis was online dictionaries: ABBYY Lingvo, Multitran, Babylon NG, Duden online, Langenscheidt online. These electronic tools are effectively used at the Department of Applied Linguistics of the Lviv Polytechnic National University o in the process of teaching German as a sпecond foreign language and the cycle of translation disciplines for the training of specialists of the first (bachelor) level of higher education in the field 035 "Philology" (disciplines: "Modern German Language", "Practice of Speech", "Translation practice", "Translation workshop"), fields of knowledge 03 "Humanities" in face-to-face, distance and mixed learning conditions. It is noted that in the era of digitization, electronic means of education, in particular lexicographic sources, occupy a significant place in the educational process, becoming an integral part of it, which is explained by the successful competition of electronic sources with their paper counterparts. Electronic dictionaries make it possible to optimize the volume and composition of articles, combine different forms of information presentation (text, sound, graphics, animation), supplement and correct the content of databases, rationally structure information using hypertext technologies. The research is based on scientific and methodological principles regarding the use of electronic dictionaries in the process of learning foreign languages, developed in the works of domestic and foreign authors. It was concluded that the didactically correct use of digital tools (electronic dictionaries) in the process of learning foreign languages serves to form four types of speech activity and translation skills, contributes to the formation of universal language competence and innovative culture of the pupil/student and teacher/teacher.

Blood biochemical parameters in mice under the action of polyphosphate esters and their complexes with antibiotics

Complexes of polyphosphate esters with antibiotics were developed in Lviv Polytechnic National University together with scientists of Institute of Animal Biology NAAS to reduce the negative impact of antibiotics on the animal body. The conducted experiments allow assessing the effect of antibiotics, polyphosphate esters and complexes of polyphosphate esters with antibiotics on the body of laboratory animals based on biochemical markers of hepato- and nephrotoxicity. The antibiotics were administered in average daily therapeutic doses. It was found that the physiological state of mice and their blood biochemical indicators were within physiological normal values after the administration of polyphosphate ester P4 and complexes of polyphosphate ester P4+antibiotics (amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline). At the same time, intramuscular administration of polyphosphate ester P6 and complexes of P6+antibiotics have a certain negative effect on mice, which is manifested by changes in the activity of marker enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP). We found an increase in AST and ALT activities. P6+amoxicillin and P6+oxytetracycline complexes increased ALP activity. Complexes P4+antibiotics decreased ALP. Blood urea content decreased after the administration of polyphosphate ester P6 by 38.5%, P6+oxytetracycline by 26.9%, P6+doxycillin by 21.8%. P6+amoxicillin complex caused a significant increase by 237% in the concentration of creatinine in the blood of mice. The changes of blood creatinine concentration of other experimental groups fell within normal physiological range. Conducted studies of blood biochemical characteristics of mice under the action of new complexes of nanobiopolymer transporters with antibiotics ensured the selection of antibacterial drugs with low toxicity.

Нойбранденбурґ 2023 – майбутнє міжнародної співпраці

The international cooperation of the Western Geodetic Society of the Ukrainian Society of Geodesy and Cartography and the Institute of Geodesy WGS USGC of the Lviv Polytechnic National University with the Hochschule Neubrandenburg/University of Applied Sciences, Germany, the Registered Society for the Promotion of Geodesy (die Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Geodäsie eV) and the Institute of Measurement-Research-Сontrol (das Messen-Forschen-Prüfen Institut eV), in a period of more than 15 years. There was a constant exchange of experience at international symposia “INTERGEO” and “GEOFORUM” in Germany and Ukraine, educational and scientific practices of Ukrainian and German students were held at Neubrandenburg University and Lviv Polytechnic, and semester studies of Ukrainian bachelors and masters in Germany were implemented, there was an internships of Ukrainian teachers, graduate students and doctoral students took place at the University of Applied Sciences, joint scientific achievements were published in the scientific bulletins of the Western Geodetic Society, the Ukrainian Society of Geodesy and Cartography and the Lviv Polytechnic “Modern Achievements of Geodetic Science and Industry” and the Neubrandenburg Higher School “Beiträge der Hochschule Neubrandenburg”.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 47• Number of submissions sent for review: 41• Number of submissions accepted: 38• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 80.9• Average number of reviews per paper: 2.05• Total number of reviewers involved: 20• Contact person for queries: Name: Vasyl Dmytriv Email: vasyl.t.dmytriv@lpnu.ua Affiliation: Lviv Polytechnic National University - Machine Desing and Automotive Engineering

Preface

International scientific and theoretical conference “Modeling and Computer Engineering in Mechanical Engineering: Theory, Practice, and Innovation” - MCEME-2022 dedicated to the topics of modeling and computer engineering in mechanical engineering, took place over three days, respectively from Thursday, September 29 to Saturday, October 1 in 2022. The plenary session was held on Friday, September 30, 2022. Considering that Ukraine was attacked by Russia and there is a war, the program and organizational committees decided to hold the conference in a hybrid mode: both virtually, through Google Meet, and face to face, a plenary meeting in the conference hall, a meeting by sections in three designated auditoriums of the Department of Machine Design and Automotive Engineering, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine.Despite periodic alarm sirens, also during the meetings, and the need to hide from rocket fire, the conference took place, and some of the conference participants from Ukraine and the Republic of Poland were also present in person.The participants in the conference were informed, constantly on the news about the progress of the peer review process (there was a team of 19 academic reviewers), through general messages, posted on the conference website, but also individually, through the platform www.morressier.com.The initial difficulties and compliance with the Morressier platform were overcome relatively quickly, and the positive results were not long in coming. Conference participants were informed, in advance, about the program of events, presentations, in general, all components of the MCEME-2022 scientific event. The conference program was posted on the conference website: https://science.lpnu.ua/mceme-2022The conference was opened with a welcome speech by the Vice-Rector for Scientific Research of the Lviv Polytechnic National University, Dr.Sc.Tec., professor Ivan Demydov. Also, the Director of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Transport, Dr.Sc.Tec., professor Oleksii Lanets, addressed the participants and guests with a welcome speech Vice-Rector for Science and Innovation Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Prof., Dr. Dalius Navakauskas gave a welcome speech. Director of the Research Institute of Mechanics and Automation of Agro-Industrial Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, professor, Dr.Sc.Tec., Valerii Adamchuk. A member of the program committee who took part, a professor, Dr.Sc.Tec. Michal Bembenek (Akademia Górniczo-hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie) made a welcome speech.Next, it became necessary to announce a break in connection with the announcement of a rocket bombardment of the city of Lviv. The break lasted almost 2 hours.Then the plenary session continued. The report “THE method of experimental determination of tangential stresses on the surface of flow around with a gaseous medium” was presented (authors: T. V. Dmytriv, O. S. Lanets, V. T. Dmytriv, I. V. Dmytriv, I. M. Horodetskyy, and N. G. Horodetska), reported by Vasyl Dmytriv, prof., Dr.Sc.Tec., Department of Machine Design and Automotive Engineering, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine. Then the partners of the conference made a welcome speech.

MODERN ELECTRONIC SERVICES OF THE LIBRARY TO SUPPORT EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC

University libraries have undergone significant changes in recent years, with the advent of new technologies and the increased use of electronic services. These services have revolutionized the way libraries support educational and scientific processes in universities. One of the most important electronic services offered by modern libraries is online access to a wide range of academic journals, books, and other scholarly materials. This allows students and faculty members to access the latest research and information in their fields, regardless of their physical location. Another important electronic service is the use of digital databases, which allow users to search for and access a wide range of information on a variety of topics. These databases can be used for research, writing papers, and other academic projects. In addition to providing access to electronic resources, libraries also offer a wide range of services to support the use of these resources. For example, many libraries have reference librarians who can help users navigate the digital resources and find the information they need. Libraries play an essential role in supporting educational and scientific processes in universities by providing access to a wide range of electronic resources and services. These resources and services include online access to academic journals and books, digital databases, reference assistance. With the evolution of technology, libraries are also adapting and providing services such as e-books, digital library cards, and online library account management. In this article we describe and analyze new digital services which was implemented in Scientific Library of Lviv Polytechnic National University.

Peculiarities of the Teaching of European Studies for Technical Specialties Students in Higher Educational Institutions of Ukraine (on the Example of Lviv Polytechnic National University)

The purpose of the publication is to study the state and peculiarities of teaching European studies for students of technical specialties in higher educational institutions of Ukraine, mainly on the example of Lviv Polytechnic National University (hereinafter LPNU), where the Erasmus+ Jean Monnet Chair project “European Studies for Technical Specialties” (hereinafter EUSTS) has been implemented since September 2022. The hypothesis of the presented research is the statement that with the strengthening of the European integration course of Ukraine the demand for knowledge about the European Union and the European integration of Ukraine among students of technical specialties is increasing, and university education is ready to satisfy such a request, applying the latest methods and approaches in the organization of education. The main focus is on clarifying the peculiarities of the formation of European studies in Ukraine; including not only classical, but also technical universities in this process; search for effective mechanisms for implementing knowledge about the EU into the educational process of students of technical specialties. To achieve the specified goals, a number of research methods were used, such as: historical-comparative, periodization, analysis of empirical data, systemic and structural-functional. It has been found that the development of European studies in Ukraine has gone through several stages of its formation. The first lasted from the moment Ukraine regained its state independence in 1991 and was characterized by the presence of limited opportunities in universities to introduce European studies in the conditions of a centralized higher education system. The second stage was marked by the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education” (2014), which, in fact, provided sufficient tools for the development of European studies in Ukrainian universities. Similarly, at that time, the study of the European Union and European integration was formed at Lviv Polytechnic National University, including for students of technical specialties. On the basis of statistical data, it has been concluded that among the students of the National Academy of Sciences, there is a growing interest in the study of academic disciplines related to the EU and the European integration course of Ukraine. To a large extent, this is explained by the current political status of Ukraine as a candidate for EU membership and the strengthening of Ukrainian society’s support for the process of European integration as a result of Russian aggression. Accordingly, a number of educational disciplines have been introduced for students of technical specialties at the level of LPNU in recent years, which form knowledge about the EU and European integration, but only thanks to the implementation of international projects here, mainly the Erasmus+ Jean Monnet programs. This creates prerequisites for the fact that, in the future, separate educational programs in European studies can be developed at the university, which are most expedient to implement at the second (master’s) and third (PhD) educational levels. It is important that they focus on those policies of the EU and European integration directions of Ukraine that are of particular interest to students of technical specialties, for example, EU digital policy, EU energy policy, EU policy in the field of climate, environmental protection, etc. The acquired competences will not only allow the graduates of LPNU to implement European standards and values in their professional activities, but also to more effectively use the EU toolkit in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Also, taking into account the recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Culture of Ukraine and the political situation of the state, it is worth introducing a mandatory educational discipline for all students of technical specialties of Ukrainian universities on the topic of the European Union, its principles, foundations and values, as well as the features of Ukraine’s European integration progress in various areas.

Peculiarities of the Teaching of European Studies for Technical Specialties Students in Higher Educational Institutions of Ukraine (on the Example of Lviv Polytechnic National University)

The purpose of the publication is to study the state and peculiarities of teaching European studies for students of technical specialties in higher educational institutions of Ukraine, mainly on the example of Lviv Polytechnic National University (hereinafter LPNU), where the Erasmus+ Jean Monnet Chair project “European Studies for Technical Specialties” (hereinafter EUSTS) has been implemented since September 2022. The hypothesis of the presented research is the statement that with the strengthening of the European integration course of Ukraine the demand for knowledge about the European Union and the European integration of Ukraine among students of technical specialties is increasing, and university education is ready to satisfy such a request, applying the latest methods and approaches in the organization of education. The main focus is on clarifying the peculiarities of the formation of European studies in Ukraine; including not only classical, but also technical universities in this process; search for effective mechanisms for implementing knowledge about the EU into the educational process of students of technical specialties. To achieve the specified goals, a number of research methods were used, such as: historical-comparative, periodization, analysis of empirical data, systemic and structural-functional. It has been found that the development of European studies in Ukraine has gone through several stages of its formation. The first lasted from the moment Ukraine regained its state independence in 1991 and was characterized by the presence of limited opportunities in universities to introduce European studies in the conditions of a centralized higher education system. The second stage was marked by the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education” (2014), which, in fact, provided sufficient tools for the development of European studies in Ukrainian universities. Similarly, at that time, the study of the European Union and European integration was formed at Lviv Polytechnic National University, including for students of technical specialties. On the basis of statistical data, it has been concluded that among the students of the National Academy of Sciences, there is a growing interest in the study of academic disciplines related to the EU and the European integration course of Ukraine. To a large extent, this is explained by the current political status of Ukraine as a candidate for EU membership and the strengthening of Ukrainian society’s support for the process of European integration as a result of Russian aggression. Accordingly, a number of educational disciplines have been introduced for students of technical specialties at the level of LPNU in recent years, which form knowledge about the EU and European integration, but only thanks to the implementation of international projects here, mainly the Erasmus+ Jean Monnet programs. This creates prerequisites for the fact that, in the future, separate educational programs in European studies can be developed at the university, which are most expedient to implement at the second (master’s) and third (PhD) educational levels. It is important that they focus on those policies of the EU and European integration directions of Ukraine that are of particular interest to students of technical specialties, for example, EU digital policy, EU energy policy, EU policy in the field of climate, environmental protection, etc. The acquired competences will not only allow the graduates of LPNU to implement European standards and values in their professional activities, but also to more effectively use the EU toolkit in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Also, taking into account the recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Culture of Ukraine and the political situation of the state, it is worth introducing a mandatory educational discipline for all students of technical specialties of Ukrainian universities on the topic of the European Union, its principles, foundations and values, as well as the features of Ukraine’s European integration progress in various areas.

ARCHITECTURAL-TYPOLOGICAL PROPOSALS AND DESIGNS FOR NON-STATIONARY STRUCTURES INTENDED FOR THEATRICAL, SPECTACLE, AND CULTURAL-EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES AMIDST RUINS, DURING THE RESTORATION OF LOSSES, AND IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE VICTORY OVER THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The publication highlights the architectural and typological diversity of non-stationary structures designed for theatrical, spectacle, and cultural-educational activities during the reconstruction of stationary buildings after their destruction, as well as in the post-victory period over the russian federation. The authors draw on the achievements of global architectural and design science in the design of such objects, relying specifically on advancements in educational, exploratory, experimental, competitive design, and scientific research conducted by the Department of Architectural Environment Design at the Institute of Architecture and Design of the Lviv Polytechnic National University. The scientific foundation and design experience of the Department of Architecture and Urban Studies in creating architecture for non-stationary objects for theatrical and performance activities with a wide architectural typological range can and should be utilized from the time of ruins to the moment of restoring the infrastructure of stationary objects that have been destroyed. The previous typological range of formation of non-stationary objects can be classified as follows: By means of transportation: mobile, movable, transportable objects. By functional-spatial solution, non-stationary objects can appear as places of action, those shaping space and resembling universal podiums, platforms, stages, halls, various scenographic-theatrical installations. Non-stationary objects can be for one-time or permanent (long-term) use. The structures and configurations of such objects can be modular, transformable, or with a permanent structural-spatial scheme. Based on the composition of structural-planning and functional elements, objects can be formed with a minimum, average, or large number of elements. Considering the transportation methods, taking into account the geography of Ukraine, the following can be proposed: road transport; by watercraft; railway; air – helicopters, airplanes, hot air balloons, airships, etc., as well as combined transportation.

UKRAINIAN AS A NATIVE, HERITAGE AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE: THE CONTENT OF CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING

The interest in learning Ukrainian is constantly growing. Today, we can identify three audiences that learn the language: Ukrainians, the diaspora and foreigners. Accordingly, approaches to teaching it should be different. Therefore, the article defines the concepts of Ukrainian as a native language, Ukrainian as a heritage language, and Ukrainian as a foreign language. Attention is focused on the content of the concept of native speaker and its characteristics. Basic principles and tasks of a modern lesson in Ukrainian as a native language are characterized. These include the development of skills to work with information, create and analyze texts, and express one's own opinion. The lesson also performs an educational function, ensures the mastery of moral, ethical and psychological principles of communication and cooperation, etc. Traditional and non-traditional methods of language teaching are covered. For teachers of Ukrainian as a heritage language, the target audience is bilinguals who usually have good oral language skills formed under the influence of communication at home or in the community, but reading and writing skills are not sufficiently developed. Therefore, teachers should focus on the development of reading skills, including understanding the content of the text, and writing skills, including the ability to not only reproduce texts but also compose them. Teaching should use an activity-based method, a differentiated approach, a combination of different types of assignments, and interrelated language and culture teaching. This audience faces problems related to interference. The article also highlights the main principles and rules of teaching a language as a foreign one: the role of the foreigner's goal to learn the language, the choice of teaching methods based on the communicative approach, the construction of courses according to the level of language proficiency, the linguistic and cultural aspect, etc. As an example, the International Summer School of Ukrainian Studies «Step to Ukraine» organized by the International Institute of Education, Culture and Diaspora Relations of Lviv Polytechnic National University is cited.