Luxurious Cars Research Articles

Luxury depiction in posts of the most popular Lithuanian influencers on Instagram and Facebook

Abstract Background Studies show that depiction of high living standards in social media is related to mental health problems. Influencers in social networks are those who might publish such content and reach high numbers of people. We aimed to assess the prevalence of luxury depiction in posts published by Lithuanian influencers on Facebook and Instagram. Materials and methods All publicly available posts created by 21 most popular Lithuanian influencers on Facebook and Instagram in 2022 were included. The content analysis of the posts was performed and information about luxury and other lifestyle factors was registered. Distribution of the posts depicting luxury was compared according to social networks where they were published and characteristics of the influencers: gender, age, number of followers, and the target audience. Results A total number of 6425 posts were analysed. Every fifth (18.2%) post depicted luxury. Posts depicting luxury were published on Facebook and Instagram with a similar frequency (p = 0.066). Among these posts, luxury brands were presented in 7.5%, luxury hotels and restaurants - in 7.1%, luxurious trips - in 63.0%, luxurious cars - in 27.6%, luxurious activities - in 0.8%, and jewellery - in 0.5%. Overall, men, older influencers, influencers with higher number of followers more frequently posted content depicting luxury (respectively, 29.0% vs. 10.6%, 20.2% vs. 14.5%, 20.3% vs. 15.4%, p-value less than 0.001). Luxury was more frequently depicted in posts targeted to male audience than targeted to female or unisex audiences (respectively, 46.6% vs. 10.5% vs. 20.7%, p-value less than 0.001). Conclusions Every fifth post of Lithuanian influencers depicts luxury. Luxurious trips are depicted most frequently. Male and older influencers, and those with more followers more frequently depict luxury-related content. Luxury is most frequently depicted in posts targeted to male audience. Key messages • Every fifth post of Lithuanian influencers depicts luxury – this might be considered as an important risk factor for public mental health. • Higher prevalence of luxury depiction targeted to male audience should be taken into account when implementing public health interventions.

Tell me what you buy, and I will tell you how you are: Luxurious cars increase perceptions of status, social dominance, and attractiveness

Luxury products impact the physical, emotional, and social well-being. This research investigated the impact of premium products on mating value, social dominance, and social status in a Brazilian sample. Two studies were conducted. The first study examined whether the evaluation of mating value and social dominance is affected by consumption choices. For this purpose, 171 participants assessed the mating value and the social dominance of opposite-sex stimulus subjects who owned cars in the premium or popular categories. The second study examined whether owning premium cars influences self-perception of social status, social dominance, and mating value. In this study, 409 participants with different consumption patterns (no car ownership, non-premium car ownership, and premium car ownership) rated their subjective social status, social dominance orientation, and mating value. The results indicate that stimulus subjects with premium cars were evaluated with higher mating value and dominance. Similarly, participants who owned a premium car exhibited higher levels of mating value and social dominance. The findings suggest that the consumption of luxury products influences social perception that matches with self-perceived characteristics. This information provides insights for the development of consumer decision-making models and enables informing consumers about the consequences of their choices in the social environment.

Enhancing Marketing to Young Chinese Car Buyers by Inspiring Automotive Cultural Experience with Their Behavioral Personalities

Younger consumers have become a dominant force in the Chinese automobile market. However, the aspiration of younger consumers to experience ownership of luxurious cars contradicts with their abilities to purchase them. Hence, a study was initiated to develop an alternative positive car-user experience to boost automotive sales with these customers' desires in mind. This paper presents the results of a systematic literature review synthesis that has been conducted on 92 articles to identify methods for enhancing the car user's experience, focusing on the topic of in-car experience, car user personality, and automotive emotion. This study found a combination of personal cultural customization, simplicity, accessibility, and affordability of technology and sensory modalities could improve the in-car experience and satisfaction of younger Chinese car buyers, hence, leading to a satisfied car-user experience. The results are significant in introducing cultural behavior preferences to enhance marketing based on positive customers' cultural experiences. Future research is recommended to determine the specific preferences and aspirations of younger Chinese car buyers from the perspective of targeted cultural-induced market experience when designing and marketing cars. Keywords: Automotive Marketing; Car-User Experience; Young Customers' Personalities; Automotive Culture; Sustainable Design Informatics

‘The luxury runs deep’: Which were the most luxurious cars of the 1970s?

I come to this topic for two reasons. I am possibly the world’s first automobile colour and trim historian. I am also the author of a book-length paper concerning design in the 1970s (interior design, product design, automobile design, architecture, etc.). It is these two research areas that have led me to write this article about the most luxurious cars of the 1970s, the decade that rediscovered luxury. 1970s car design was very much about investigating the car interior after so much previous emphasis on exterior design, and in this decade, car interiors became much more luxurious and generally comfortable across industry, not for just the top marques. The four cars under investigation here are Rolls-Royce Camargue, which was the most expensive car in the world when launched in 1975; Aston Martin Lagonda (four doors); Daimler Double-Six Vanden Plas; and Stutz Blackhawk. It is stating the obvious to say that automobile literature in the form of books and journals is a vast subject matter, and yet there was until recently not a single standalone study of a fundamental aspect of car design – colour and trim, one with universal application. This study being this author’s ‘Colour and trim design for automobiles, 1960–95, and that of recognising an uncharted genre in design history’ published in Aspects of Motoring History (2021, issue 17), the Journal of the Society of Automotive Historians in Britain. Literature invariably tends to be about styling or engineering concerns. Here is an opportunity to move beyond these old concerns into an uncharted territory.

Real-time Driver Drowsiness Detection with Android

Abstract: Major causes for the road accidents are Driver Fatigue and Distraction. Recently many driver monitoring systems have been proposed for monitoring driver activities to avoid accidents. Almost all the systems which exists till date are in the specialized embedded or hardware form, which are present in expensive and luxurious cars. This research paper presents a cost efficient approach to detect driver fatigue and monitor dizziness/drowsiness in real-time. An intelligent android app to monitor driver fatigue and distraction during travel using Adaptive Template Matching and Adaptive Boosting is achieved and implemented. Developing of technologies for preventing drowsiness is quite challenging in the area of accident avoiding systems. Preventing drowsiness during driving requires a method to accurately detect lowering of driver attentiveness and a method for alerting and to forewarn the driver. In this detection approach, we developed an android app that utilizes image processing technology and analyse all the images captured through the user’s phone camera. Drop of alertness is detected based on the degree to which the driver's eyes are open or closed. This application provides a non-contact method for judging various levels of driver awareness and enables an early detection of a reduction in attentiveness while driving. Keywords: Drowsiness Detection, Google vision API, Face detection, Eye Detection, Android application

The Construction of Identity of “Sultan” and Hedonism on TikTok @indrakenz

The number of TikTok users has increased significantly. The phenomenon of influencers and TikTok stars competing to present content to go viral and appear on the For Your Page (FYP). One of them is the content of luxury life, hedonism, and showing off branded goods. TikTok has become an arena for spectacle and construction of "sultan" identity and hedonism. Indra Kesuma is an Indonesian TikTok star and influencer who is viral among teenagers by presenting luxurious and hedonistic life and showing off branded goods, with the famous words “murah banget”. This is the background for the author to analyze TikTok as a spectacles media and the construction of the identity of “sultan” and hedonism on TikTok @indrakenz. The qualitative descriptive method with an analytical model, namely analyzing the words in the caption, the hashtags, the words spoken by Indra Kesuma, and the activities shown in the video with the theory construction of identity, hedonism, and spectacle. The results show that the construction of the identity of “sultan” and hedonism is carried out by writing the caption “sultan”, hashtag #sultan, the word “sultan” spoken by Indra Kesuma, as well as activities of the sultan such as buying luxurious cars, having luxurious dishes, and wearing fancy apparels. TikTok has become a media of spectacle for the spread of ideology about role models and standards of living for teenagers, namely the hedonistic life of the sultan. The research contribution provides knowledge that TikTok as a medium for teenagers to construct the identity of “sultan”, as well as being the spectacle of spreading ideology about the role model of the sultan.

Multi-objective framework for optimum configuration of human-driven and shared or privately owned autonomous vehicles

Private Autonomous Vehicles (PAV) and Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAV) are known to improve safety, mobility, roadway capacity, driver productivity and reduce parking costs (due to better utilization of space and self-parking to less expensive spots). However, the increased vehicle miles traveled (VMT), might increase overall emission production, system travel time, and operating costs. Also, the purchase price of autonomous vehicle (AV) is expected to be higher than that of human-driven (conventional) vehicles. A multi-objective mathematical model is proposed to minimize the purchase and operating costs, time spent, and emission production. The proposed model captures the tradeoff between the benefits of increased mobility, reduction in the value of travel of time (VOTT), efficient driving pattern, and the negative impacts of increased VMT, ownership cost due to the adoption of AVs. The proposed framework assists with the development of simplified adoption models that can be used by the policymakers and/or investors. SAVs would be the optimal solution if the replacement rate or CO2 costs are significantly low, or CO costs are sufficiently high. SAVs can also be the optimal solution if the travel time is used efficiently, or the purchase price is below certain relative threshold while minimizing system cost. Considering the private mobility system, PAVs can be the optimal solution only if the on-board amenities are improved, lifetime mileage is increased, AV technology is installed in luxurious cars, and is being adopted by people with high VOTT.

Luxury Perception of Low and Middle Income Generation Z and Their Luxury Consumption Motivations

Purpose: This study examined Generation Z with low and moderate income levels in terms of their perception of luxury, knowledge of luxurious products and motivation of consuming luxurious products. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted in two stages: in-depth interviews and structured observations. Structured observations were carried out on 37 teenage participants at the ages of 17-21 (25 female and 12 male consumers). The data were collected between July and August 2020 in Turkey. Findings: According to the results of the study, this generation’s perception of luxury is divided into three categories based on concept, service and product. Females perceive luxury as flamboyance, wealth and ability to get whatever is desired, while males consider the same concept as comfort, brand quality and products that are hard to get. The participants’ knowledge of luxurious brands generally covers inaccessible brands such as Rolex, Ferrari and Christian Dior and new luxurious brands Nike, Puma and Polo. Among the participants, 54.1% planned to buy luxurious products in the future. The main factors that drive them to buy luxurious products in the future were as follows: quality of product, comfort of product, durability of product, beauty of product, elegance of product, conspicuous consumption, self fulfilment, feeling good, power of desire, having social status and improvement in economic situation. The products they consider as luxurious and plan to buy included luxurious cars, houses, clothes, jewelry and travels. Research limitations/implications: The limitation of the study is that it was a convenient sample. Therefore, the findings cannot be generalized. Practical implications: Luxury product/service providers can market new luxury products/services that are more affordable to low and middle-income Generation Z. Originality/value: Studies conducted in regard to the concept of luxury consumption and consumer perceptions have been mostly performed with participants with high income levels. This study tries to fill the gap in the literature by investigating the low and middle-income Generation Z. The main objective of this study was to examine the luxury-related attitudes and perceptions of Generation Z members who have been raised in families that have low and moderate income level, and their intentions of purchasing luxurious products/services.

Customers’ Perception of Quality and Price Value of Prestigious Cars: A Survey of Customers’ Purchasing Decision in Nigeria

This study was carried out to find out the extent to which quality perception of luxurious cars influenced customer's perceived price value of a preferred car brand in Rivers- Nigeria. A descriptive survey research method was used in this study. The population of this study was 7,303,900 potential and active buyers of luxurious cars drawn from Rivers State- Nigeria. The sample size of 400 respondents was obtained with the use of Taro Yamene's sample size techniques cited in Ani (2012). The purposive based stratified sampling procedure was employed in the study toenable the researcher select the representative sample elements of the population interest. A questionnaire comprising ten (20) item questions was used to determine the extent to which quality perception of luxurious cars influenced customer's perceived price value of a preferred car brand in Rivers State - Nigeria. A test-retest method of the instrument reliability was used and the co-efficient result of ‘R' being .83, was obtained. The data collected were analyzed using the mean score test and Pearson moment correlation coefficient statistics. Results obtained revealed that ‘There is no significant relationship between the durability, performance, economic and innovative quality of prestigious cars and the customer's perceived price value of the preferred car brand in Rivers State'. It was advisable that the ‘Car producing and distribution firms should formulate, ‘Sustainable Price Policy Decision (SPPD), establish Quality Responsibility Performance Unit (QRPU), build Economic Quality Services Solution Center (EQSS-Center)'; and employ Innovative Quality Evaluation Techniques' to oversee issues concerning customers' quality perception of luxurious cars in Rivers State'. The implication of the finding was that if the producing and distribution firms failed to adopt the above recommendations, it might result in customers' dissatisfaction in the firm's brand; and as such, the success of the business operation in Rivers State will be affected.

Congestion Free Analysis for Emergency Vehicles Response in Tri-City (Panchkula-Chandigarh Mohali) Using LTE-A

For any country’s growth is depend on their people’s growth, whenever we talk about the growth of any country then it shows the achievements done by their peoples. Day by day population are increasing and peoples are enjoying their luxurious life with big bungalows, and big luxurious cars but not a single vehicle it could be per person average of two-three vehicles results to noise, air pollutions and important factor is the increment of traffic of the city. In this paper we are not praising for the growth of the country, no doubt for the growth but we want to focus on the traffic system control. Day to day traffic is increasing in which the big problem is faced for the safe passage for the ambulance vehicle’s escape or some other person who is in need of urgent work anywhere apart from medical facilities. We heard many patients leads to death in the ambulance and doctor says ‘‘it’s too late, if you could reach at least 10minutes before then the patient could have been saved his/her life’’. So here we focused in paper to facilitate the emergency services (only concerned to patient’s ambulance) signal free. This will be possible by using the telecom technologies along with city traffic control stations to implement the things made easier for the signal free passage to escape of ambulance from the traffic lights or streets means the ambulance would not stop in the traffic jams. This can be made possible using VANET-LTE advanced technology.

Congestion free analysis for emergency vehicles response in tri-city (Panchkula-Chandigarh-Mohali) using LTE-A

For any country’s growth is depend on their people’s growth, whenever we talk about the growth of any country then it shows the achievements done by their peoples. Day by day population are increasing and peoples are enjoying their luxurious life with big bungalows, and big luxurious cars but not a single vehicle it could be per person average of two-three vehicles results to noise, air pollutions and important factor is the increment of traffic of the city. In this paper we are not praising for the growth of the country, no doubt for the growth but we want to focus on the traffic system control. Day to day traffic is increasing in which the big problem is faced for the safe passage for the ambulance vehicle’s escape or some other person who is in need of urgent work anywhere apart from medical facilities. We heard many patients leads to death in the ambulance and doctor says ‘‘it’s too late, if you could reach at least 10minutes before then the patient could have been saved his/her life’’. So here we focused in paper to facilitate the emergency services (only concerned to patient’s ambulance) signal free. This will be possible by using the telecom technologies along with city traffic control stations to implement the things made easier for the signal free passage to escape of ambulance from the traffic lights or streets means the ambulance would not stop in the traffic jams. This can be made possible using VANET-LTE advanced technology.

Dmenisions of Human Behavior in The Novel “The Foreigner” By Arun Joshi

In the modern age of globalization and modernization, people have become selfish and self-centered. Feeling of sympathy and kindness towards poor people have almost bolted from the hearts of those who have richly available resources. They leave needy people running behind their luxurious chauffer-driven cars. Poor and marginalized people keep shouting for help for their dear ones but upper class people trying to show as if they did not hear any long distant sound crept into their eardrums. This trauma, agony, pain and sufferings is explored in the novel, The Foreigner.

Prosperity Gospel and Its Religious Impact on Sustainable Economic Development of African Nations

Before the advent of African priests, expatriate missionaries in Africa were noted for their detached and abstemious ways of life. They upheld what is known as “Vow of Poverty”, which was taken prior to sacerdotal ordination. They toiled selflessly for their flock without caring for personal material benefits. This orientation has been discarded for prosperity vocation in this 21st century. Priests now use luxurious cars, fly expensive private jets and are escorted by well-armed military/police officers. The social-economy context of prosperity theology has become a great attraction to impoverished people of Africa. The micro and macro economies retrogression in many African nations enable some charismatic and neo-Pentecostal preachers incorporate prosperity messages into sermons. The doctrine emphasizes the importance of personal empowerment, proposing that it is God’s will for the people to obtain wealth, health and total success in the world. This paper explains the reasons prosperity preaching is hurting Africa; and examines the capitalistic tendencies that have replaced spiritual growth and moral sanctity towards an eternal life. The paper catalogues the religious impact of prosperity gospel on sustainable economic development of African nations. Africa has many Churches; growing rapidly yet remains the only region poverty has increased in the past two decades. So there is no impact of the prosperity message on the people. Most Africans live on less than $1 a day and many proactive youths are still unemployed. This paper explains how people have been financially exploited, which has led to loss of ‘Faith’ and lack of personal economic security.

The Matiushin Case by Oleg Pavlov

lingers long after the book has been set aside. Indeed, the conceit of a neighbor’s cat who happens to spontaneously “adopt” a different “owner” is really little more than an expedient for extended metaphysical ruminations on the vicissitudes of life in the face of uncertainty. This is a situation not unfamiliar to most readers, and it is, perhaps, the greatest strength of this slim novel, for no answers are provided: only hints of what may be possible. Erik R. Lofgren Bucknell University Scholastique Mukasonga. Our Lady of the Nile. Melanie Mauthner, tr. Brooklyn. Archipelago Books. 2014. isbn 9780914671039 Our Lady of the Nile (Notre-Dame du Nil, 2012) won the Prix Renaudot, the French Voices Award, as well as the 1994 Ahmadou Kourouma Prize. Scholastique Mukasonga lived the ethnic conflicts in Rwanda and lost twenty-seven of her family members as a result of the Tutsi genocide, while being forced to take refuge in France. The novel reflects glimpses of a tensionfilled past and slowly moves to uncover racial strife and the increase of genocidal actions against the Tutsi minority in Rwanda through the eyes of lycée girls enrolled at a Catholic boarding school that stands isolated on the Ikibira mountaintop by the river Nile, gated and guarded. The lycée was built by the Belgium colonizers in Africa and encompasses an isolated, delineated area above the poor village of Nyaminombe, with an exotic garden, a guest bungalow, and foreign teacher villas. When the lycée opens, luxurious cars travel to the mountain to bring daughters of businessmen, governors, and the country ’s elite. They will all be trained accordingly to maintain status, increase their chances of an advantageous marriage, and make a fortune. The only Tutsi girls in the lycée, Virginia and Veronica, are a minority (the yearly quota is two Tutsi students for twenty of other origins). Veronica accepts the veneration of Mr. de Fontenaille (a former plantation owner who discovered the shrine of a local queen and is fascinated by the idea of Tutsi Egyptian roots), and she participates in ritualistic performances centering on the image of Isis. Virginia draws away from the pagan rites and searches out the advice of a witch doctor in her aunt’s village; she is determined to put the discovered shrine remains to rest and perform a traditional ritual cleansing of Fontenaille’s desecrated burial site. She is driven by the apparitions of former local queens in her dreams. The chain of authority reverses toward the end of the novel: at the beginning, Mother Superior maintains the religious place of authority, seconded by Father Hermenegilde , but toward the end of the novel Gloriosa, one of the lycée’s students, takes advantage of her father’s political influence and status to become the feared head of racial persecution in the school. She orders beatings, rapes, and executions. Gloriosa not only represents the feared militant political youth ready to commit atrocities against the Tutsi but also the abusive force that eventually destroys the religious symbol of the Lady of the Nile’s statue in order to make sure it does not have a Tutsi nose and reflects only Hutu facial features. The destruction of the statue’s head under Gloriosa’s hammer blows signifies the decimation of faith and the dominance of the New Man, tormented by racist thoughts and extreme violence. Andreea Gabudeanu Bristow, Virginia Oleg Pavlov. The Matiushin Case. Andrew Bromfield, tr. London. And Other Stories. 2014. isbn 9781908276360 In his novel The Matiushin Case, author Oleg Pavlov delves deep into the psyche of a troubled young man during the last years of the Soviet Union. The book explores trauma, fear, and belonging against the backdrop of a military family and the Soviet war in Afghanistan. Full of dark humor and dark characters, this book, while not for the faint of heart, is nevertheless an intriguing view into a life that experiences much pain and hardship with very little that is positive or beautiful to relieve its characters of the cruelty of their world. World Literature in Review 60 WLT MARCH / APRIL 2015 Pavlov’s main character, Vasilii Grigorievich Matiushin, is one of the most interesting , if...

Our Lady of the Nile by Scholastique Mukasonga

lingers long after the book has been set aside. Indeed, the conceit of a neighbor’s cat who happens to spontaneously “adopt” a different “owner” is really little more than an expedient for extended metaphysical ruminations on the vicissitudes of life in the face of uncertainty. This is a situation not unfamiliar to most readers, and it is, perhaps, the greatest strength of this slim novel, for no answers are provided: only hints of what may be possible. Erik R. Lofgren Bucknell University Scholastique Mukasonga. Our Lady of the Nile. Melanie Mauthner, tr. Brooklyn. Archipelago Books. 2014. isbn 9780914671039 Our Lady of the Nile (Notre-Dame du Nil, 2012) won the Prix Renaudot, the French Voices Award, as well as the 1994 Ahmadou Kourouma Prize. Scholastique Mukasonga lived the ethnic conflicts in Rwanda and lost twenty-seven of her family members as a result of the Tutsi genocide, while being forced to take refuge in France. The novel reflects glimpses of a tensionfilled past and slowly moves to uncover racial strife and the increase of genocidal actions against the Tutsi minority in Rwanda through the eyes of lycée girls enrolled at a Catholic boarding school that stands isolated on the Ikibira mountaintop by the river Nile, gated and guarded. The lycée was built by the Belgium colonizers in Africa and encompasses an isolated, delineated area above the poor village of Nyaminombe, with an exotic garden, a guest bungalow, and foreign teacher villas. When the lycée opens, luxurious cars travel to the mountain to bring daughters of businessmen, governors, and the country ’s elite. They will all be trained accordingly to maintain status, increase their chances of an advantageous marriage, and make a fortune. The only Tutsi girls in the lycée, Virginia and Veronica, are a minority (the yearly quota is two Tutsi students for twenty of other origins). Veronica accepts the veneration of Mr. de Fontenaille (a former plantation owner who discovered the shrine of a local queen and is fascinated by the idea of Tutsi Egyptian roots), and she participates in ritualistic performances centering on the image of Isis. Virginia draws away from the pagan rites and searches out the advice of a witch doctor in her aunt’s village; she is determined to put the discovered shrine remains to rest and perform a traditional ritual cleansing of Fontenaille’s desecrated burial site. She is driven by the apparitions of former local queens in her dreams. The chain of authority reverses toward the end of the novel: at the beginning, Mother Superior maintains the religious place of authority, seconded by Father Hermenegilde , but toward the end of the novel Gloriosa, one of the lycée’s students, takes advantage of her father’s political influence and status to become the feared head of racial persecution in the school. She orders beatings, rapes, and executions. Gloriosa not only represents the feared militant political youth ready to commit atrocities against the Tutsi but also the abusive force that eventually destroys the religious symbol of the Lady of the Nile’s statue in order to make sure it does not have a Tutsi nose and reflects only Hutu facial features. The destruction of the statue’s head under Gloriosa’s hammer blows signifies the decimation of faith and the dominance of the New Man, tormented by racist thoughts and extreme violence. Andreea Gabudeanu Bristow, Virginia Oleg Pavlov. The Matiushin Case. Andrew Bromfield, tr. London. And Other Stories. 2014. isbn 9781908276360 In his novel The Matiushin Case, author Oleg Pavlov delves deep into the psyche of a troubled young man during the last years of the Soviet Union. The book explores trauma, fear, and belonging against the backdrop of a military family and the Soviet war in Afghanistan. Full of dark humor and dark characters, this book, while not for the faint of heart, is nevertheless an intriguing view into a life that experiences much pain and hardship with very little that is positive or beautiful to relieve its characters of the cruelty of their world. World Literature in Review 60 WLT MARCH / APRIL 2015 ...

Driver Assistance System based on Raspberry Pi

Electronics sector having more demand due to day by day use of embedded system for different applications in car. Most of luxurious cars having more automatic controls like Airbags,ABS,ESP,ECU,ESP,climate control & more. Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) nothing but vehicle guideline provided by capturing images of the road. Intelligent driver assistance system nothing but provide the full assistance to the driver when drive driving the car on the road along with considering the traffic intensity & white lane detection. System consist of the camera module used to take continuous video streaming. This stream video store into SD card first & process this video by writing the script in python. Lane detection is done from the video by using the Hough Transform Algorithm & Hough lines. Design the system in such a way that by considering small Robot as the demo module & one is pilot car it acts as obstacle in all the direction. Detection of the obstacle in front & rear direction means it need different type of obstacle detector sensors to detect the obstacle. Ultrasonic sensor it acts as the obstacle detector to detect the any obstacle within the range of 4 meters. Full driver assistance provided by detecting the side lane by taking the video streaming by using camera mounted on the car & obstacle detection is done by using the Ultrasonic sensor module. It is possible to display the distance apart from obstacle in meter on the display. Display consist of TFT screen connected to the system to display the continuous video & distance from other car. All system implemented on the new platform Raspberry Pi Development Board having ARM1176-JFZS core & BCM Audio-Video Codec with operating frequency 700MHz.Board support TFT screen as well as the HDMI support(6).Vehicles need to be re- advancing by video transmission among vehicles for safety and cooperative deriving. The video images captured from camera could help the driver to monitor the surroundings as well as transmit the compressed images over vehicular communication network Video over wireless communication has a lot of potential applications in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Capturing the video is done by taking the continuous Video of the road lanes.Video streaming utilizes high bandwidth data links to transmit information. The high- bandwidth systems required larger equipment, better line-of- sight, and more complex mechanism for reliable transmit ion over the network. The intended platform for the system described in this study, is to develop a software defined algorithm for automatic video compression and transmission. The proposed algorithm is able to robustly find the left and right boundary of the lane using Hough Transform method and transmit over the network. Therefore the limitations of high-bandwidth equipment become more significant in a tactical scenario. The results show that the proposed method works well on marked roads and transmission in various lighting conditions(7).

INTELLIGENT DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOTIVE

Abstract-Automotive Electronics sector having more demand due to day by day increasing technology. Most of luxurious cars having more automatic controls for different parameters. Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV)(2)nothing but vehicle guideline provided by capturing images of the road. Intelligent driver assistance system nothing but provide the full assistance to the driver when drive driving the car on the road along with considering the traffic intensity & white lane detection. System consist of the camera module used to take continuous video streaming. This stream video store into SD card first & process this video by writing the script in python. Lane detection is done from the video by using the Hough Transform Algorithm & Hough lines. Design the system in such a way that by considering small Robot as the demo module & one is pilot car it acts as obstacle in all the direction(5).Detection of the obstacle in front & rear direction means it need different type of obstacle detector sensors to detect the obstacle. Ultrasonic sensor it acts as the obstacle detector to detect the any obstacle within the range of 4 meters. Full driver assistance provided by detecting the side lane by taking the video streaming by using camera mounted on the car & obstacle detection is done by using the Ultrasonic sensor module. It is possible to display the distance apart from obstacle in meter on the display. Display consist of TFT screen connected to the system to display the continuous video & distance from other car. All system implemented on the new platform Raspberry Pi Development Board having ARM1176EJ-FZS core & BCM Audio-Video Codec with operating frequency 700MHz.Board support TFT screen as well as the HDMI support.

Railroads and the American people

In this social history of the impact of railroads on American life, H. Roger Grant concentrates on the railroad's golden age, 1830-1930. To capture the essence of the nation's railroad experience, Grant explores four fundamental topics-trains and travel, train stations, railroads and community life, and the legacy of railroading in America-illustrating each topic with carefully chosen period illustrations. Grant recalls the lasting memories left by train travel, both of luxurious Pullman cars and the grit and grind of coal-powered locals. He discusses the important role railroads played for towns and cities across America, not only for the access they provided to distant places and distant markets but also for the depots that were a focus of community life. Finally, Grant reviews the lasting heritage of the railroads as it has been preserved in word, stone, paint, and memory. Railroads and the American People is a sparkling paean to American railroading by one of its finest historians.

Yemen: A Collapsed Economy

This article explores the economic development of Yemen after the 1970s in order to identify and analyze the variables that have contributed to its near collapse. It will be argued that the structural changes that took place in the Yemeni economy, particularly over the twenty-year period between 1970-1990, created a unique development experience that, once it collapsed due to the Gulf Crisis of 1990, left the majority of Yemenis with little means of survival. Moreover, it is argued that the structure of the Yemeni economy (which had been based on sustaining labor migration) could not and would not adapt to the changing circumstances. Furthermore, Yemen continues to survive on the substitution of revenue from oil rents for the revenue from labor migration. These rents from oil have not trickled down to the vast majority of Yemenis that had come to rely on labor migration rents either directly or indirectly for over two decades. These revenues significantly shifted the economic base away from the general population and narrowed it to a few individuals associated with the government. Although there have been attempts to restructure the economy with the assistance of international agencies, Yemen's economy remains underdeveloped and appears ready to collapse under the burden of unemployment, poverty, and rapid population growth. In the late 1980s, Yemen was a poor country. There was, however, a constant influx of new money as fellow Yemenis in the Gulf sent home their workers' remittances. Back then, the streets of Sana'a were filled with poor people, but most had a place to sleep at night and some food to eat. There was also hope - hope that Yemen would soon be able to pull itself out of its poverty-stricken position and join the global economy. Over the course of the 1990s and into the 21st century, Yemen began to resemble other developing nations more and more closely - luxurious villas and cars for the few and not much for everyone else. The streets of Sana'a were filled with beggars and street children longing for a place to sleep and a bite to eat. The workers' remittances that had sustained so many families during the 1980s had dwindled, but the government had learned to rely on oil wealth. The Gulf states that needed the unskilled laborers in the 1970s now found them a nuisance. What is most striking now, however, is that hope is gone; Yemenis no longer believe that they or their government can rise out of poverty. The loss of hope has been accompanied by gradual chaos, a lack of faith in the Yemeni government, and a return to tribalism as the way forward.1 The story of Yemen is a very important lesson in how societies on the edge of change can either move forward or self-destruct. Unfortunately, Yemen is doing the latter. It will be argued that the structural changes that took place in the Yemeni economy, particularly over the twenty-year period between 1970-1990, created a unique development experience that, once it collapsed, left the majority of Yemenis with little means of survival. When the Gulf Crisis of 1990 caused an end to the mass labor migration to Saudi Arabia and other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, the shock was highly severe and disruptive because the structure of the Yemeni economy had been based on this migration being sustained. The aftershock of this event affected the vast majority of the Yemeni population who were either direct or indirect recipients of labor remittances. Furthermore, these rents were replaced with another rent that did not trickle down - oil revenues. These revenues significantly shifted the economic base away from the general population and narrowed it to a few individuals associated with the government. Although there have been attempts to restructure the economy with the assistance of international agencies, Yemen's economy remains underdeveloped and appears ready to collapse under the burden of unemployment, poverty, and rapid population growth. THE MIGRATI ON BOOM: 1970 - 1990 The migration boom of the 1970s and 1980s gave rise to a number of structural changes in the Yemeni economy. …

Digital Libraries Creating Environmental Identity Through Solving Geographical Problems

Environmental identity, or how we orient ourselves to the natural world, leads us to personalise abstract global issues and take action (or not) according to our sense of who we are. For example, are we willing to give up our luxurious cars for more fuel-efficient models even though we know that the earth is warming? In an era where web-based student-centred inquiry is gaining popularity as a mode of teaching and learning about environmental issues and potentially developing students’ environmental identities, the role of digital libraries needs to be better understood. An obvious affordance of such a digital library is that it organises information around themes for problems to be solved. A developmental project to build a first digital library for Geographical assets (G-Portal) was undertaken to allow students to conduct a field study of an environmental problem, within a geospatial context – in this case, beach erosion and sea level rise. G-Portal not only functions as a digital library of information resources, it also provides manipulation and analytical tools that can be used with the information. This allows students to explore the information, process the information, solve the problem posed and form new understandings and reflections of their role in the natural environment.