Lupinus Albus Var Research Articles

Evaluation of the PGPR Capacity of Four Bacterial Strains and Their Mixtures, Tested on Lupinus albus var. Dorado Seedlings, for the Bioremediation of Mercury-Polluted Soils

Soil contamination by mercury, which is one of the most toxic heavy metals due to its bioaccumulative capacity, poses a risk to the environment as well as health. The Almadén mining district in Ciudad Real, Spain is one of the most heavily-polluted sites in the world, making the soils unusable. Bioremediation, and more specifically phyto-rhizoremediation, based on the synergistic interaction established between plant and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), improves the plant’s ability to grow, mobilize, accumulate, and extract contaminants from the soil. The objective of this study is to evaluate the plant growth-promoting ability of four PGPR strains (and mixtures), isolated from the bulk soil and rhizosphere of naturally grown plants in the Almadén mining district, when they are inoculated in emerged seeds of Lupinus albus, var. Dorado in the presence of high concentrations of mercury. After 20 days of incubation and subsequent harvesting of the seedlings, biometric measurements were carried out at the root and aerial levels. The results obtained show that the seeds treatment with PGPR strains improves plants biometry in the presence of mercury. Specifically, strain B2 (Pseudomonas baetica) and B1 (Pseudomonas moraviensis) were those that contributed the most to plant growth, both individually and as part of mixtures (CS5 and CS3). Thus, these are postulated to be good candidates for further in situ phyto-rhizoremediation tests of mercury-contaminated soils.

Health promoting effects of Lupin (Lupinus albus var. multolupa) protein hydrolyzate and insoluble fiber in a diet-induced animal experimental model of hypercholesterolemia

New functional foods are increasingly sought to improve the treatment of diseases related to glucose and lipid metabolism. Lupin (Lupinus albus) is an excellent candidate since it exhibits several health-promoting effects. Such beneficial effects can be enhanced by technological treatments like protein hydrolysis with microbial proteases. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of lupin protein hydrolyzate, combined or not with lupin insoluble fiber, on different plasmatic, hepatic, renal and large intestine parameters using an in vivo experimental model of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Lupin protein hydrolyzate and insoluble fiber residue were obtained by aqueous protein extraction and sequential hydrolysis with proteases from Bacillus licheniformis and Aspergillus oryzae. The protein hydrolyzate was effective at reducing plasma and hepatic triglycerides, and showed promising effects on glucose metabolism as well as protection against dietary-induced renal alterations. The insoluble fiber residue increased fecal fat excretion, and improved parameters of large intestine physiological status due to its fermentative and water holding capacity.

Effects of hydroalcoholic α-galactoside extraction and phytase supplementation on the nutritive utilization of manganese, iron, zinc and potassium from lupin ( Lupinus albus var. multolupa)-based diets in growing rats

The effects of α-galactoside removal, using a hydroalcoholic extraction process and phytase supplementation, on the digestive and metabolic utilization of total ash, Mn, Fe, Zn and K from Lupinus albus var. multolupa-based diets by growing rats were evaluated, using a balance technique, and compared to the results obtained using a casein–cystine control diet. The specific amount of minerals needed to complement those provided by the lupin flours and casein in order to reach the target requirements of the growing rat were supplemented as heme or non-heme iron sources or in the form of inorganic salts in the case of Zn or K. The nutritive utilization of total ash, Mn, Fe and Zn was higher from raw and α-galactoside-free lupin flour diets than from the casein–cystine control or the phytase-supplemented diets, whereas smaller differences were found regarding the nutritive utilization of K. Differences in mineral retention were reflected in changes of the mineral contents of some tissues, which varied among the different cations studied.

Improvement in food intake and nutritive utilization of protein from Lupinus albus var. multolupa protein isolates supplemented with ascorbic acid

The protein quality of protein isolates from lupin (LPI) ( Lupinus albus var. multolupa), prepared by isoelectric precipitation, was assessed by chemical analysis of protein and amino acids and biological analysis of digestive and metabolic utilization of protein by growing rats. The animals were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets adjusted to meet their nutrient requirements, in which lupin protein isolate was the only protein source, complemented with 0.5% methionine. Different LPIs were prepared with addition, or not, of ascorbic acid as antioxidant. Protein isolates had a protein content of 87.8–98.1%. Manganese content of protein isolates was reduced by 72.8–89.5% compared to the raw seed flour. Results from in vivo experiments showed that addition of 0.5% ascorbic acid to LPI incorporated into diets led to a 82.8% increase in daily food intake, when compared to the non-supplemented LPI, reaching similar values to those obtained with a casein–methionine control diet. Digestive and metabolic utilization of protein from LPI, assessed by nitrogen absorption or apparent digestibility coefficient, and by nitrogen balance or percentage of retained to absorbed nitrogen, respectively, was high, when the dietary intake of animals fed the LPI diets was adequate after addition of 0.5% ascorbic acid, although slightly inferior to the values obtained with a casein–methionine control diet. The high nutritive utilization of protein was reflected in excellent growth and nutritional indices assayed. In conclusion, ascorbic acid supplementation led to an improvement in the palatability of the LPI diets and, therefore, in daily food intake, which was reflected in a higher nutritive utilization of protein and improvement in weight gain and the food transformation index.

Nutritional evaluation of protein, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium bioavailability from lupin (Lupinus albus var. multolupa)-based diets in growing rats: effect of α-galactoside oligosaccharide extraction and phytase supplementation

The nutritional composition of the legume Lupinus albus var. multolupa, raw or after alpha-galactoside extraction, and its effect on the bioavailability of protein, P, Ca, and Mg by growing rats was evaluated using a balance technique. The protein and dietary fibre content of the lupin flours studied was high, and 89-94% of the dietary fibre was present as insoluble dietary fibre. The alpha-galactoside extraction process did not disrupt the nutritional quality of protein, and the digestive and metabolic utilisation of this nutrient was high and comparable with that obtained from a casein-cystine control diet (pair-fed to the average daily food intake of the experimental groups fed the different lupin diets). Bioavailability of P, Ca, and Mg from the lupin diets tested was high, and supplementation of an exogenous microbial phytase (750 phytase units/kg) did not cause any further improvement. Mineral content in the bone tissue (femur and sternum) did not correlate to mineral balance, which, on the other hand, was related to the mineral content of other tissues such as blood, plasma, liver and kidney. Due to its ability to grow under adverse edaphic and climatic conditions and to its good nutritional quality, alpha-galactoside-free lupin flour supplemented with the required amounts of minerals and vitamins to meet nutrient requirements can be used as an excellent dietary source for the preparation of dietetic products.

Pea seeds (Pisum sativum), faba beans (Vicia faba var. minor) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus var. multitalia) as protein sources in broiler diets: effect of extrusion on growth performance

The effect of extrusion of pea seeds (Pisum sativum) (PS), faba bean (Vicia faba, variety minor) (FB) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus, variety multitalia) (LS) on broiler performance were evaluated. Four hundred sixty two 1d-old Ross male chicks, Marek vaccinated, were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments (3 pens per treatment/22 birds per pen). Chicks were floor housed, ad libitum fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets and had free access to water. Artificial light was provided 10 h/d. The bulk of the base diet (control diet) was corn (48.8%, 53.7% and 57%), solvent-extracted soybean meal (42.8%, 37.3% and 33.4%), corn oil (4.4%, 5.2% and 6.3%), plus synthetic amino acids, minerals, trace minerals and vitamins, respectively for the 1-10d-old, 11-28d-old and 29 to 42d-old growing periods. The amounts of PS, FB and LS used on an as fed basis were: PS and extruded PS (EPS): 353 (1-10d-old), 356 (11-28d-old) and 350 (29-42d-old) g/kg; FB and extruded FB (EFB): 479 (1-10d-old), 497 (11-28d-old) and 500 (29-42d old) g/kg; LS and extruded LS (ELS): 360 (1-10d-old) and 300 (11-42d-old) g/kg. High levels of pea (350 g/kg) and faba bean (500 g/kg) did not show negative effects on body weight gain (BWG) and bird feed intake compared to control. Lupin at the 300 g/kg level reduced (P < 0.05) the BWG during the finishing period (22 to 42 d), however the effect disappeared over the whole experimental period (1-42 d) compared to the control group. The ELS group had a lower (P < 0.01) feed intake compared to the control group and to the LS group. The feed conversion rate (FCR) was similar among groups for the whole experimental period; however during the grower period the FCR was higher (P < 0.05) for the PS, FB and EFB groups compared to the control group. Birds consuming the PS diet had a reduced (P < 0.05) eviscerated carcass yield compared to the control group. The breast meat percent yield was higher (P < 0.01) for birds consuming the FB and EFB diets compared to the control group. There were no statistical differences in percent yield of the leg quarters and in blood parameters.

Raffinose Family of Oligosaccharides from Lupin Seeds as Prebiotics: Application in Dairy Products

The raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) isolated from lupin seeds (Lupinus albus var. Multolupa) was evaluated for bifidogenic effects during the manufacture of probiotic fermented milk. A mixed starter inoculum was composed of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus (1:1). Lupins are a rich source of RFOs that can be used as functional food ingredients. The addition of RFOs to milk increased B. lactis Bb-12 and L. acidophilus populations at the final fermentation time compared with controls. Final fermentation products are positively affected by addition of RFOs, and time of fermentation was reduced from 12 to 10 h. When RFOs were added to milk, they were preferentially used as a carbon source (57.7%) compared with lactose (23.7%) at the end of fermentation. These results suggest that the eventual choice of B. lactis Bb-12 and L. acidophilus in a mixed culture at a 1:1 ratio and addition of RFOs to produce a fermented milk product would have the advantages of rapid growth and acidification rate and would likely increase the probiotic effect of the final functional product.

Raw and extruded pea (Pisum sativum) and lupin (Lupinus albus var. Multitalia) seeds as protein sources in weaned piglets’ diets: effect on growth rate and blood parameters

The 42 days trial was carried out using 140 piglets weaned at 28 days of age. The piglets were allocated according to weight and sex to the 5 dietary treatments with 7 replicates for each treatments (4 pens x 4 castrated males and 3 pens x 4 females). The piglets were fed according to the following experimental design: 1) control diet (CTR) with soybean meal (SBM) 44% c.p. as protein source; 2) CRT diets with 200 g/kg of raw pea (Pisum sativum) (RP); 3) CTR diet with 200 g/kg extruded pea (EP); 4) CRT diet with 170 g/kg raw lupin (Lupinus albus var. Multitalia) (RL); 5) CTR diet with 170 g/kg of extruded lupin (EL). During the trial, animals were weighed at 0 - 21 and 42 days from the start of the trial. Feed intake was monitored and feed conversion ratio was calculated for the periods 0-21 d and 22-42 d. At the end of the trial, blood samples were taken for 14 animals for each dietary treatment (2 animals per replicate) and analysed for total protein, urea and liver activity (ALT, AST and ALP parameters). Average daily weight gain and feed intake did not differ according to dietary treatments whereas during the total experimental period (0-42 d), feed conversion ratio was higher for EP vs CTR diet (2.35 vs 2.09, respectively; P <0.05). The growth rate for diets with extruded protein sources compared with diets containing the raw ingredients did not differ. Feed conversion ratio for the RP was numerically higher than for the EP (2.35 vs 2.16 and 2.76 vs 2.32, respectively during 22-42 d and 0-42 d periods). Blood parameters did not show significant difference among dietary treatments except for higher total protein for CTR diet vs RL diet, EL and RP (67.3 vs 62.2, 62.8 and 63.6 g/l, respectively; P<0.05) and urea that resulted the highest with CTR diet vs RL and RL (4.7 vs 3.7 and 3.8 mmol/l respectively; P<0.05).

Raw and extruded pea (Pisum sativum), faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor) and lupin (Lupinus albus var. multitalia) as alternative protein sources in broiler diets

Research on vegetable-based protein sources has grown as a result of the European Union ban on the inclusion of meat and bone meal in diets of agricultural livestock. This together with recent concern over genetically modified soybeans, the protein source of choice for monogastric diets, has sparked research into the identification of some alternative protein sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of raw or extruded pea (RP and EP), faba beans (RFb and EFb) or lupin (RL and EL) in partial substitution of soybean meal and other starch sources in broiler diets. A total of 462-d-old male Ross chicks, Marek vaccinated, were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments (3 pens/treatment). Chicks were floor housed, ad libitum fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets and had free access to water. Artificial light was provided 10 h/d. The amount of alternative proteins used as fed basis and for 1-10 d-old and 11-42 d-old growing periods were: RP and EP: 350 g/kg for all diets; RFb: 480 and 500 g/kg; EFb: 240 and 250 g/kg; RL: 360 and 300 g/kg; EL: 180 and 150 g/kg. Feeds were analyzed for tannins, polyphenol, genisteine, and daidzeine contents and the in vitro alpha-amilase starch digestibility was measured. At the end of the trial performance parameters were calculated, animals were processed and percentage yields (one per pen) of breast meat and leg quarters were quantified. The polyphenol concentrations and antitrypsin activity were reduced and the alpha-amylase digestibility increased in EP and EFb. The feed conversion ratio was not significantly affected, however, the feed intake was reduced (P<0.01) in EL diet compared to the control group and to the RL diet. The RP group had lower dressing percentage (P<0.05), whereas groups fed faba bean had higher breast yield (P<0.01) independent of processing. There were no statistical differences in percent yield of the leg quarters. Data support the utilization of these alternative proteins sources into broilers diets as a viable solution to counteract the current constraints of soybean meal. Partial improvement was seen with EFb and EP, which was not seen however for the lupin based diets.

Raw Pea (Pisum sativum), raw Faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor) and raw Lupin (Lupinus albus var. multitalia) as alternative protein sources in broiler diets

The ban of the meat and bone meal for entering animal diets and the concern of transgenic feeds poses a challenge to animal nutritionists in Europe. The challenge is to find homegrown protein-rich feedstuffs, making sure no antinutritional factors are present which could interfere in the animals’ performance. The raw Pea (Pisum sativum) (RP), raw Faba bean (Vicia faba, variety minor) (RFb) and raw Lupin (Lupinus albus, variety multitalia) (RL) were evaluated as alternative protein sources into broiler diets. Six hundred thirty 1d-old Ross male chicks, Marek vaccinated, were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments (5 pens per treatment/18 birds per pen). Chicks were floor housed, ad libitum fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets and had free access to water. Artificial light was provided 10 h/d. The bulk of the base diet (control diet) was corn (48.7%, 56.6% and 57%), solvent-extracted soybean meal (42.8%, 37.3% and 33.4%), corn oil (4.4%, 5.2% and 6.3%), plus synthetic amino acids, minerals, trace minerals and vitamins, respectively for the 1-10d-old, 11-28d-old and 29 to 42d-old growing periods. The RP, RFb and RL entered diets in substitution of the soybean and corn according to the cost optimization (P100, Fb100 and L100, respectively for RP, RFb and RL) and at half of the optimized quantity (RP50, RFb50 and RL50, respectively for RP, RFb and RL). The amount used as fed basis for the higher level of inclusion were: P100: 350 g/kg for all diets; Fb100: 480 g/kg (1-10d-old) and 500 g/kg (11-42d-old); L100: 360 g/kg (1-10d-old) and 300 g/kg (11-42d-old). The average daily gain (ADG) were lower (P < 0.05) in the RP group compared to the control group. Over the whole period of growth, the RFb group had similar ADG compared to the control group and for both levels of inclusion, whereas reduced (P < 0.05) ADG were observed in the RL100 group. Reduced (P < 0.05) ADG were also observed for the RFb100 and the RL100 groups when calculated over the first three weeks of growth. Birds performance was improved (P < 0.05) in the RL50 group. No effects were observed on dressing percentage and breast and leg quarter cuts. The RFb and RL could represent valuable protein feeds in broilers diet formulation.

Purification and characterization of three phytases from germinated lupine seeds (Lupinus albus var. amiga).

Three phytases were purified about 14200-fold (LP11), 16000-fold (LP12), and 13100-fold (LP2) from germinated 4-day-old lupine seedlings to apparent homogeneity with recoveries of 13% (LP11), 8% (LP12), and 9% (LP2) referred to the phytase activity in the crude extract. They behave as monomeric proteins of a molecular mass of about 57 kDa (LP11 and LP12) and 64 kDa (LP2), respectively. The purified proteins belong to the acid phytases. They exhibit a single pH optimum at 5.0. Optimal temperature for the degradation of sodium phytate is 50 degrees C. Kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of sodium phytate are K(M) = 80 microM (LP11), 300 microM (LP12), and 130 microM (LP2) and k(cat) = 523 s(-1) (LP11), 589 s(-1) (LP12), and 533 s(-1) (LP2) at pH 5.0 and 35 degrees C. The phytases from lupine seeds exhibit a broad affinity for various phosphorylated compounds and hydrolyze phytate in a stepwise manner.

Determinación de saponinas en las principales leguminosas cultivadas en España/Determination of saponins in the main legumes cultivated in Spain

The seeds of different legumes ( Lupinus albus var. Multolupa, Lens culinaris var. Magda 20, Cicer arietinum type Kabuli, Phaseolus vulgaris var. Guerniquesa, Vicia faba var. Alameda) were analysed for soyasaponin content and soyasapogenol composition using different chromatographic techniques. The soyasapogenol was present in all species, except in L. albus; the content ranged from 0.02 mg/g in V. faba var. Alameda to 1.21 mg/g in P. vulgaris var. Guerniquesa. Two soyasaponins were detected by FAB-MS. Soyasaponin I was detected in the L. culinaris, C. arietinum, V. faba and P. vulgaris extracts and soyasaponin V in the P. vulgaris extracts.

The degradability of legume seed meals in the rumen: effect of heat treatment

The extent and rate of degradation of dry matter and nitrogen in ground seeds of pea ( Pisum sativum), lupin ( Lupinus albus var. multolupa), field bean ( Vicia faba var. minor), vetch ( Vicia sativa) and bitter vetch ( Vicia ervilia), previously autoclaved (A) or not (NA) at 120 °C for 30 min, was measured using nylon bags incubated in the rumen of wethers fed lucerne hay. The fractional outflow rate of the legume seed meal particles was determined with chromium as a marker. More than 88% of the protein in untreated legume seed meals, except for vetch, disappeared from the bags by 24 h. Autoclaving decreased both the soluble fraction and the fractional rate of protein degradation of the slowly degraded fraction ( P < 0.01). Rumen outflow rate was, respectively, 0.0154 h −1 and 0.0222 h −1, at 0.7 times and 1.0 times maintenance level. Effective degradability of protein was strongly reduced by heat treatment in pea and lupin seeds, moderately decreased in field bean and bitter vetch and almost unchanged in vetch seed meal.

The effect of the supplementation with methionine and lysine of diets based on lupin seed (Lupinus albus var. multolupa) on protein and energy utilization in growing rats

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß der Zulage von Methionin und Lysin bei auf Lupine (Lupinus albus var. multolupa) basierenden Diäten auf die Protein‐ und Energieverwertung bei wachsenden RattenBei wachsenden Ratten wurden die biologische Proteinqualität und die Energieverwertung von Diäten untersucht, die auf Lupinensamenschrot mit Zulage von DL‐Methionin und/oder L‐Lysin beruhten und mit auf Sojabohnenschrot basierenden Diäten (SBM) verglichen wurden. Die biologische Proteinwertigkeit und die Energieverwertung der SBM‐Diät lagen auf einem signifikant höheren Niveau als bei den anderen Diäten. Bei den auf Lupine beruhenden Diäten erzielten die Rationen mit Zulage von DL‐Methionin die höchsten biologischen Wertigkeiten, wohingegen sich die Zulage L‐Lysin negativ auf die biologische Proteinqualität auswirkte. Je höher die biologische Wertigkeit anstieg, desto geringer wurde die Aufnahme an umsetzbare Energie, was die retinierte Energiemenge erniedrigte. Die Zugabe von DL‐Methionin wirkte sich positiv auf die Energieverwertung der Diät aus: die relativen Nettosyntheseraten an Protein und Fett erhöhten sich. Die thermische Behandlung der Lupinen zeigte keine besondere Wirkung.