Resected Lung Cancer Patients Research Articles

PP01.101 Estimated Cost of Adverse Events and Surgery for Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Platinum-Doublet Chemotherapy

PP01.101 Estimated Cost of Adverse Events and Surgery for Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Platinum-Doublet Chemotherapy

Applying ICF Framework to Explore the Factors That Influence Quality of Life in Patients After Lung Surgery.

To explore the relationship between pulmonary function, physical activity, and health-related quality of life (QoL) in resected lung cancer patients based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework developed by the World Health Organization to describe health and health-related states. A quantitative study was designed with postoperative lung cancer survivors to assess personal characteristics. We also assessed functional impairment related to the lung using forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1), activity limitations using maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), anaerobic threshold (AT) and 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), and participation restriction using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey V1 (SF-36). Data analyses were conducted using the multivariate method and Smart- PLS to examine path coefficient among the measures. Forty-one patients were enrolled in this study. FVC and FEV1 were poorly correlated with QoL, and 6MWD, AT, or VO2max were positively associated with QoL. AT or VO2max showed a significant (p<0.01) direct path with SF-36 in the ICF model. Although age and body mass index were not strongly correlated with QoL, these personal factors had a medium to large effect on perceived QoL. Disability is a complex in patients with lung resection, and physical activity plays an important role in enabling participation. Improving VO2max and AT is needed to improve the QoL of resected lung cancer patients. We should also pay more attention to contextual factors that have a significant impact on social participation.

Is neoadjuvant immunotherapy necessary in patients with programmed death ligand 1 expression-negative resectable non-small cell lung cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical benefit and necessity of neoadjuvant programmed cell death (or ligand) (PD-(L)1) blockades in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with negative PD-L1 expression. Materials and methodsRandomized control trials (RCTs) that compared event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), major pathological response (MPR), and/or pathological complete response (pCR) between neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy (nCIT) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) for patients with resectable NSCLC stratified by PD-L1 expression were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data regarding the pathological response and EFS were evaluated by the odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using random and fixed models. ResultsA total of six RCTs involving 3,194 patients with resectable NSCLC with or without neoadjuvant immunotherapy were included. Compared with nCT alone, nCIT significantly improved pCR (18.3 % vs. 3.0 %; OR, 5.64; 95 % CI, 3.22–9.89; P < 0.001), MPR (38.9 % vs. 15.5 %; OR, 3.57; 95 % CI, 2.10–6.05; P < 0.001), and EFS (HR, 0.75; 95 % CI, 0.62–0.90; P = 0.002) in PD-L1 <1 % NSCLC patients. In addition, PD-L1 ≥1 % was associated with higher rates of pCR (32.8 % vs. 18.3 %; OR, 2.28; 95 % CI, 1.40–3.73; P = 0.001) and MPR (53.9 % vs. 38.9 %; OR, 1.84; 95 % CI, 1.22–2.79; P = 004) and longer EFS (HR, 0.44 vs. 0.75) in the setting of nCIT compared with PD-L1 <1 %. nCIT improved only OS in NSCLC patients with PD-L1 ≥1 % but not in patients with PD-L1 <1 %. ConclusionsThe use of nCIT should be recommended for resectable NSCLC patients with negative PD-L1 expression, as nCIT significantly improved the pathological response and EFS in these patients. The benefit to PD-L1-negative patients treated with nCIT on OS remains to be validated.

Efficacy of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a real-world, multicenter, retrospective study.

Resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have a high risk of recurrence. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy brings new hope for these patients. The study aims to evaluate the safety, surgery-related outcomes and oncological outcomes for neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in real-world setting with a large sample size and long-term follow-up. Patients with clinical stage IB-IIIB NSCLC who received neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy at two Chinese institutions were included in this retrospective cohort study. Surgical and oncological outcomes of the enrolled NSCLC patients were collected and analyzed. There were 158 patients identified, of which 124 (78.5%) were at stage IIIA-IIIB and the remaining 34 (21.5%) were at stage IB-IIB. Forty-one patients (25.9%) received two cycles of neoadjuvant treatment, 80 (50.6%) had three cycles, and 37 (23.4%) had four cycles. Twenty-four patients (15.2%) experienced grade 3 or worse immune-related adverse events. The median interval time between the last neoadjuvant therapy and surgery was 37 [interquartile range (IQR), 31-43] days. Fifty-eight out of 96 (60.4%) central NSCLC patients who were expected to undergo complex surgery had the scope or the difficulty of operation reduced. Ninety-five (60.1%) patients achieved major pathologic response (MPR), including 62 (39.2%) patients with pathologic complete response (pCR). Multivariate regression analysis showed that no clinical factor other than programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was predictive of the pathological response. The median follow-up time from diagnosis was 27.1 months. MPR and pCR were significantly associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Neither stage nor PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with long-term survival. The neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy is a feasible strategy for NSCLC with a favorable rate of pCR/MPR, modified resection and 2-year survival. No clinical factor other than PD-L1 expression was predictive of the pathological response. pCR/MPR may be effective surrogate endpoint for survival in NSCLC patients who received neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy.

Abstract 2519: Alteration of tumor immune microenvironment after recurrence and its impact on the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody in resected non-small cell lung cancer patients

Abstract Background: Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), including programmed death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) and CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), has been suggested as a potential biomarker to predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody. Postoperative recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is treated with therapeutic strategies similar to those for metastatic disease. However, in postoperative recurrence cases, PD-L1 evaluation is generally based on archival resection specimens, because there is little opportunity for a new biopsy of the recurrent site. Therefore, it remains unclear whether TIME of recurrent lesion is similar to TIME of primary lesion at surgery, and the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody for postoperative recurrent NSCLC patients based on TIME status at surgery is unknown. Materials and Methods: Cohort A included 59 patients with advanced and 25 patients with postoperative recurrence NSCLC who treated with first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy. PD-L1 expression and CD8-TIL were evaluated immunohistochemically in tumor specimens obtained at diagnosis in the advanced cases and at surgery in the postoperative recurrence cases. Tumor proportion score for PD-L1 and the extent of CD8-TIL were evaluated and classified as high or low. TIME was categorized into 4 subclasses, according to the respective PD-L1 and CD8-TIL, as follows: (class I) high/high; (class II) low/low; (class III) high/low; and (class IV) low/high. Progression-free survival (PFS) of pembrolizumab was compared based on TIME. Cohort B consisted of 50 NSCLC patients who underwent radical resection, and whose tumor specimens were obtained from recurrent site. As in cohort A, TIME was assessed for paired resection and recurrent tumor samples. Results: In cohort A, the median PFS of pembrolizumab for the advanced cases were 25.7 months in class I (n=25), 2.3 months in class II (n=8), 8.0 months in class III (n=20), and 6.5 months in class IV (n=6) (p&amp;lt;0.001), respectively; while those for the postoperative recurrence cases were 9.0 months (n=7), 4.3 months (n=7), 7.6 months (n=6), and 2.5 months (n=5) (p=0.55), respectively. In cohort B, TIME for resected primary lesion were observed in 9 with class I, 20 with class II, 3 with class III and 18 patients with class IV, respectively. The concordance of PD-L1 category (high vs low) between resected primary lesion and recurrent lesion was 88.0%, while that of TIME classification was 54.0%. Conclusion: TIME classification using tumor specimens just before administration of anti-PD-1 antibody was useful predictive biomarker. However, TIME alterations between resection and postoperative recurrence were observed in many cases, suggesting that TIME based on tumor specimens at surgery may not be useful for predicting the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody for postoperative recurrent NSCLC. Citation Format: Yoshiya Matsumoto, Tetsuya Watanabe, Megumi Mizutani, Akira Sugimoto, Hiroaki Nagamine, Yoko Tani, Kenji Sawa, Takuma Tsukioka, Hiroyasu Kaneda, Shigeki Mitsuoka, Noritoshi Nishiyama, Tomoya Kawaguchi. Alteration of tumor immune microenvironment after recurrence and its impact on the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody in resected non-small cell lung cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2519.

A novel neoadjuvant therapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in a mouse model.

Lung cancer is the common malignancy with high mortality rate in the world. Even with curative resection for early-stage lung cancer patients, the rate of postoperative recurrence and metastasis is still high. Neoadjuvant nivolumab combined with chemotherapy leads to improved pathological complete response rate and event-free survival in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the neoadjuvant therapy is not only accompanied by grade 3 or above adverse events which resulting in the potential missing out on the window for curative surgery for the patients, but also has low efficacy especially in patients with low programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Hence, it is particularly important to explore innovative ways to inhibit tumour recurrence and metastasis. In the present study, we investigated whether neoadjuvant therapy with intralesional Rose Bengal (RB) elicited specific immune responses compared with control group, and then the lung cancer mouse model was used to evaluated the immunological mechanism. The secondary Lewis lung cancer cells (LLCs) tumour growth was significantly suppressed by RB intralesional injection into subcutaneous tumour; the formation rate of secondary tumours induced by the B16 melanoma cell injection was 100%. Intralesional RB neoadjuvant therapy before surgical resection exhibited effectively enhanced T central memory cells (Tcm) and T memory stem cells (Tscm) + naïve T cells (Tn) infiltration, elicited stronger cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against LLCs, and displayed markedly higher proportions of splenic lymphocytes that produce tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) upon restimulation in a lung cancer mouse model. Based on our preclinical data, neoadjuvant therapy with intralesional RB injection generated immune memory and prevented the recurrence and metastasis of tumour in a lung cancer mouse model, which provides a new strategy for neoadjuvant treatment of early-stage NSCLC.

Effect of examining lymph nodes count on mortality risk in resected T1 non-small-cell lung cancer.

This study aims to estimate the effect of the examined lymph node count (ELNC) on the cancer-related mortality risk and non-cancer-related mortality risk in patients with resected T1 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients diagnosed as primary T1 NSCLC between 2000 and 2017 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the ELNC cutoff value, which was calculated based on overall survival outcomes. Propensity score matching was used to equalize the differences in baseline characteristics between groups. A total of 38242 resected T1 NSCLC patients were extracted from the database with the ELNC cutoff value of 8. After propensity score matching, 27676 patients were included in this study. Examining ≥8 ELNC was associated with a more accurate assessment of lymph node (LN) metastasis and significantly improving the prognosis. These trends remained consistent in subgroup analysis by histology type. In competing risk mode, examining ≥8 LNs could significantly reduce the risk of death from lung cancer, risk of death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and risk of death from cardiac diseases. In the subgroup analysis, these trends were consistent. Given the mortality risk associated with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiac diseases, at least 8 LNs should be examined in surgery for T1 NSCLC.

Comprehensive analysis of risk factors for surgical site infections following thoracoscopic radical resection in patients with lung cancer.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) post-thoracoscopic radical resection in lung cancer patients pose significant clinical challenges. This study aims to comprehensively identify the independent risk factors that influence the occurrence of SSIs following thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer. The study employed a retrospective analysis of 130 patients who underwent thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were clearly defined, and ethical approvals were obtained. Patients were monitored for SSIs via clinical and biochemical markers, with data comprehensively gathered from electronic health records. Statistical analysis was rigorously conducted using SPSS v27.0, with methodologies including t-tests, Chi-square tests and logistic regression. The study aimed to identify independent risk factors for SSIs and incorporated a multidimensional assessment approach to provide robust, clinically relevant findings. Univariate analysis revealed surgical duration ≥3 h, non-usage of antibiotics, presence of diabetes and elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) as significant correlates for SSIs. Multivariate analysis substantiated these factors as independent risk variables: surgery duration (odds ratio [OR] = 9.698, p < 0.05), presence of diabetes (OR = 6.89, p < 0.05), elevated CRP (OR = 7.306, p < 0.05) and elevated PCT (OR = 6.838, p < 0.05). Conversely, antibiotic administration served as a protective factor (OR = 0.572, p < 0.05). Surgical duration of 3 h or more, diabetes and elevated levels of CRP and PCT significantly heighten the risk for SSIs after thoracoscopic radical resection in lung cancer patients. Perioperative antibiotic administration acts as a protective factor. Clinicians should implement tailored preventative strategies to mitigate these identified risks.

The impact of oncogenic driver mutations on neoadjuvant immunotherapy outcomes in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be effective and safe in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the presence of different oncogenic driver mutations may affect the tumor microenvironment and consequently influence the clinical benefit from immunotherapy. This retrospective study included consecutive NSCLC patients (stage IIA to IIIB) who underwent radical surgery after receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy at a single high-volume center between December 2019 and August 2022. Pathological response and long-term outcomes were compared based on the driver oncogene status, and RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to investigate the transcriptomic characteristics before and after treatment. Of the 167 patients included in this study, 47 had oncogenic driver mutations. KRAS driver mutations were identified in 28 patients, representing 59.6% of oncogenic driver mutations. Of these, 17 patients had a major pathological response, which was significantly higher than in the non-KRAS driver mutation group (60.7% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.049). Multivariate Cox regression analysis further revealed that the KRAS driver mutation group was an independent prognostic factor for prolonged disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 0.10, P = 0.032). The median proportion of CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in the KRAS driver mutation NSCLCs than in the non-driver mutation group (18% vs. 13%, P = 0.030). Furthermore, immune-related pathways were enriched in the KRAS driver mutation NSCLCs and activated after immunotherapy. Our study suggests that NSCLC patients with KRAS driver mutations have a superior response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy, possibly due to their higher immunogenicity. The findings highlight the importance of considering oncogenic driver mutations in selecting neoadjuvant treatment strategies for NSCLC patients.

Study of the Effectiveness of Personalized Rehabilitation for Resectable Lung Cancer Patients

Увеличение продолжительности жизни больных операбельным немелкоклеточным раком легкого (НМРЛ) после комплексного лечения сопряженно с нарушениями психологического и физического функционирования, снижающими общее качество жизни. В статье приводится оценка эффективности реабилитационных программ у больных операбельным НМРЛ с учётом рекомендованных технологий (РТ) физической и реабилитационной медицины (персонализированный подход) в сравнении со стандартным подходом к реабилитации. Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 240 пациентов с операбельным НМРЛ в возрасте от 45 до 71 года (медиана 60,2 года), получавших реабилитацию в рамках комбинированного/комплексного лечения в ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова» Минздрава России в период с 2017 по 2022 гг. Пациентам в экспериментальной группе применялась персонализированная модель реабилитации. Согласно дизайну исследования в контрольную группу (стандартные реабилитационные мероприятия) были подобраны попарно пациенты, соответствующие больным экспериментальной группы по основным характеристикам: полу, возрасту, функциональному состоянию, гистологическому подтипу, стадии заболевания, объёму лечения. Динамика показателей пациентов была исследована в пред-/послеоперационный период, непосредственно после реализации программ реабилитации и через 1 год, включала оценку показателей клинического статуса (Шкала mMRC, Шкала COMP, ВАШ, 6-минутный тест ходьбы), функциональных (ФВД) и психофизиологических показателей (Шкала MFI-20, Шкала HADS), показателей качества жизни (EORTC-QLQ30). Результаты. Анализ показателей эффективности реабилитации больных НМРЛ показал, что в экспериментальной группе (персонализированная модель реабилитации), реабилитация была эффективна у 86 % пациентов, в то время как в контрольной группе (стандартные программы реабилитации) — в 76 % случаев. Основными детерминантами, влияющими на формирование лечебного эффекта после применения реабилитационных программ, составленных с учётом выбранных РТ, являются параметры функции внешнего дыхания (ЖЕЛ — жизненная емкость легких, МОС — максимальная объемная скорость на выдохе, СОС — средняя объемная скорость при выдохе), показатели теста 6-минутной ходьбы, шкал выраженности одышки (Modified Medical Research Council, mMRC) и выполнения повседневной деятельности (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, COMP). Вывод. Выделенные детерминанты позволят заблаговременно спрогнозировать эффективность реабилитационных технологий у конкретной модели пациентов операбельным НМРЛ с учётом исходных параметров.

P1.26-04 Increased Risk of Death from Other Causes After Lobectomy Compared with Sublober Resection in Lung Cancer Patients

P1.26-04 Increased Risk of Death from Other Causes After Lobectomy Compared with Sublober Resection in Lung Cancer Patients

EP01.01-04 Postoperative Course of Surgically Resected Lung Cancer Patients in Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry

EP01.01-04 Postoperative Course of Surgically Resected Lung Cancer Patients in Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry

Oral uracil-tegafur compared with intravenous chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy for resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Studies comparing the effectiveness of either adjuvant oral uracil-tegafur (UFT) or intravenous chemotherapy on early-stage (stage I and II) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with complete surgical treatment remain limited. From January 2011 to December 2017, patients with early-stage NSCLC (defined as tumor size >3 cm without mediastinal lymph node involvement or any distant metastasis) receiving either adjuvant oral UFT or intravenous chemotherapy after surgical resection were identified from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Propensity matching was used for controlling confounders. A total of 840 patients receiving adjuvant therapy after surgery (including 595 oral UFT and 245 intravenous chemotherapy) were enrolled. Before matching, patients using oral UFT had significantly longer OS (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49-0.98, p = 0.0387) and RFS (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.61-0.97, p = 0.0392) than those with intravenous chemotherapy. A matched cohort of 352 patients was created using 1:1 propensity score-matching. In the Cox regression analysis, the UFT and the matched chemotherapy groups had similar OS (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.48-1.32, p = 0.3753) and RFS (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.72-1.34, p = 0.9149). Among subgroup analysis, oral UFT use was associated with longer RFS among the subgroups of non-drinker (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.34-0.99, p = 0.0478) and patients with stage IB disease (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.42-0.97, p = 0.0341). This population-based study in the real-world setting of Taiwan demonstrates comparable effectiveness between oral UFT and intravenous chemotherapy in terms of clinical outcomes for early-stage NSCLC patients after surgery.

Utility of 18F-FDG uptake in predicting major pathological response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with resectable non‑small cell lung cancer

PurposeThe aim of present study was to investigate the efficiency of 18F-FDG uptake in predicting major pathological response (MPR) in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with neoadjuvant immunotherapy. MethodsA total of 104 patients with stage I-IIIB NSCLC were retrospectively derived from National Cancer Center of China, of which 36 cases received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) monotherapy (I-M) and 68 cases with ICI combination therapy (I-C). 18F-FDG PET-CT scans were performed at baseline and after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted and area under ROC curve (AUC) was calculated for biomarkers including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), inflammatory biomarkers, tumor mutation burden (TMB), PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) and iRECIST. ResultsFifty-four resected NSCLC tumors achieved MPR (51.9%, 54/104). In both neoadjuvant I-M and I-C cohorts, post-NAT SUVmax and the percentage changes of SUVmax (ΔSUVmax%) were significantly lower in the patients with MPR versus non-MPR (p < 0.01), and were also negatively correlated with the degree of pathological regression (p < 0.01). The AUC of ΔSUVmax% for predicting MPR was respectively 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00–1.00) in neoadjuvant I-M cohort and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.86–1.00) in I-C cohort. Baseline SUVmax had a statistical prediction value for MPR only in I-M cohort, with an AUC up to 0.76 at the threshold of 17.0. ΔSUVmax% showed an obvious advantage in MPR prediction over inflammatory biomarkers, TMB, PD-L1 TPS and iRECIST. Conclusion18F-FDG uptake can predict MPR in NSCLC patients with neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting overall survival of resected N2 non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant radiotherapy.

Currently, the prognosis of resected N2 non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant radiotherapy is poor. The goal of this research was to develop and validate a novel nomogram for exactly predicting the overall survival (OS) of resected N2 NSCLC patients undergoing neoadjuvant radiotherapy. The data applied in our research were downloaded from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We divided selected data into a training cohort and a validation cohort using R software, with a ratio of 7:3. Univariate Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression were utilized to select significant variables to build the nomogram. To validate our nomogram, calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), decision curve analysis (DCA), and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were employed. The nomogram model was also compared with the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system by utilizing net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Eight variables-age, sex, operative type, LN removed number, chemotherapy, AJCC stage, M stage, histology-were statistically significant in the multivariate Cox regression analysis and were selected to develop our nomogram. Based on ROC curves, calibration curves, and DCA analysis, our novel nomogram demonstrated good predictive accuracy and clinical utility. Using Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves and log-rank tests, the risk stratification system was able to stratify patients based on their estimated mortality risk. The nomogram performed better than the TNM staging system based on the NRI and IDI indexes. We developed and validated a nomogram to predict prognosis of resected N2 NSCLC patients undergoing neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Using this nomogram, clinicians may find this nomogram useful in predicting OS of targeted patients and making more appropriate treatment decisions.

ASO Author Reflections: Prognostic Impact of the Primary Tumor Resection for Lung Cancer Patients Diagnosed with Pleural Dissemination in the Perioperative Period-Importance of Biomarker-Based Treatment Decision Making.

ASO Author Reflections: Prognostic Impact of the Primary Tumor Resection for Lung Cancer Patients Diagnosed with Pleural Dissemination in the Perioperative Period-Importance of Biomarker-Based Treatment Decision Making.

Associations between Comorbidities and Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease after Primary Lung Cancer Surgery.

Acute exacerbation (AE) of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a severe complication of lung resection in lung cancer patients with ILD (LC-ILD). This study aimed to assess the predictive value of comorbidities other than ILD for postoperative AE in patients with LC-ILD. We retrospectively evaluated 68 patients with LC-ILD who had undergone lung resection. We classified them into two groups: those who had developed postoperative AE within 30 days after resection and those who had not. We analyzed patient characteristics, high-resolution computed tomography findings, clinical data, pulmonary function, and intraoperative data. The incidence of postoperative AEs was 11.8%. In univariate analysis, performance status (PS), honeycombing, forced vital capacity (FVC), and high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels without comorbidities were significantly associated with postoperative AE. Patients were divided into two groups according to cutoff levels of those four variables as determined by receiver operating characteristic curves, revealing that the rates of patients without postoperative AE differed significantly between groups. The present results suggested that preoperative comorbidities other than ILD were not risk factors for postoperative AE in patients with LC-ILD. However, a high preoperative HbA1c level, poor PS, low FVC, and honeycombing may be associated with postoperative AE of LC-ILD.

Histology of the Primary Tumor Correlates with False Positivity of Integrated 18F-FDG-PET/CT Lymph Node Staging in Resectable Lung Cancer Patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and false positivity rate of lymph node (LN) staging assessed by integrated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in patients with operable lung cancer to the tumor histology. In total, 129 consecutive patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing anatomical lung resections were included. Preoperative LN staging was evaluated in the relationship to the histology of the resected specimens (group 1: lung adenocarcinoma/LUAD; group 2: squamous cell carcinoma/SQCA). Statistical analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney U-test, the chi2 test, and binary logistic regression analysis. To establish an easy-to-use algorithm for the identification of LN false positivity, a decision tree including clinically meaningful parameters was generated. In total, 77 (59.7%) and 52 (40.3%) patients were included in the LUAD and SQCA groups, respectively. SQCA histology, non-G1 tumors, and tumor SUVmax > 12.65 were identified as independent predictors of LN false positivity in the preoperative staging. The corresponding ORs and their 95% CIs were 3.35 [1.10-10.22], p = 0.0339; 4.60 [1.06-19.94], p = 0.0412; and 2.76 [1.01-7.55], and p = 0.0483. The preoperative identification of false-positive LNs is an important aspect of the treatment regimen for patients with operable lung cancer; thus, these preliminary findings should be further evaluated in larger patient cohorts.

Indwelling pleural catheters for persistent pleural effusions secondary to post lung resection for malignancies.

Malignant and nonmalignant pleural effusions (NMPEs) such as those due to hepatic hydrothorax have been successfully treated with an indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) with a low complication rate. There is no literature on the utility or safety of this treatment modality for NMPE post lung resection. We aimed to assess the utility of IPC for recurrent symptomatic NMPE secondary to post lung resection in lung cancer patients over a period of 4 years. Patients who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy as part of the treatment plan for lung cancer between January 2019 and June 2022 were identified, these patients were screened for post-surgical pleural effusion. A total of 422 underwent lung resection, of which 12 had recurrent symptomatic pleural effusions requiring IPC placement and were selected for final analysis. The primary end points were improved symptomatology and successful pleurodesis. Mean time to IPC placement was 78.4 days post-surgery. The mean length of IPC catheter was 77.7 days standard deviation (SD) 23.8. All 12 patients achieved spontaneous pleurodesis (SP), there was no second pleural intervention or re-accumulation of fluid on follow up imaging in any of the subjects after IPC removal. Two patients (16.7%) had skin infection related to catheter placement that was managed with oral antibiotics, there were no cases of pleural infections that required catheter removal. IPC is a safe and effective alternative in managing recurrent NMPE post lung cancer surgery with high rate of pleurodesis and acceptable complication rates.

Lung cancer resection in patients with underlying usual interstitial pneumonia: a meta-analysis

ObjectivePatients with lung cancer with underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern on CT represent a very high-risk group in terms of postoperative UIP acute exacerbations (AEs)...