Lumbar Bone Mineral Density In Women Research Articles

Association between obesity and bone mineral density in middle-aged adults

BackgroundThe relationship between obesity and bone mineral density (BMD) varies in different studies. Our aim in this study was to explore the association between obesity (body mass index ≥ 30) and BMD among adults 40–59 years of age.MethodsThis study was conducted on a sample of 2218 participants (986 men and 1232 women) aged 40 to 59 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018. The independent variable was body mass index (BMI). The outcome variable was lumbar BMD. The associations of BMI with lumbar BMD were examined using multivariable linear regression models.ResultsBMI was positively associated with lumbar BMD after adjusting for other covariates [β 0.006; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.003–0.008]. An inverted U-shaped association between BMI and lumbar BMD was further identified, with the point of infection at approximately 50 kg/m2. In the subgroup analyses, the relationship between BMI and lumbar BMD in women and blacks was an inverted U-shape.ConclusionBased on the results, it may be beneficial to appropriately increase BMI to promote BMD. However, considering the inverted U-shaped association, excessive BMI may be harmful to bone health in women and blacks.

Diagnostic value of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound in the evaluation of osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly patients.

To study the correlation between calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and analyze the diagnostic value of calcaneal QUS in the evaluation of middle-aged and elderly osteoporosis.We assessed bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and intertrochanteric of left hip and lumbar spine (L1–L4) sites with DXA and QUS parameters of the right and left calcanei in a cohort of 82 patients over the age of 50 years. Using DXA parameters as the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, the correlation coefficient between BMD and QUS parameters was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve was generated and areas under the curves were evaluated. Cut-off values for QUS were defined.In men, there was a moderate correlation between calcaneal QUS and proximal femoral BMD (P < .05), but no significant correlation between calcaneal QUS and lumbar BMD (P > .05). In women, calcaneal QUS were moderately correlated with lumbar spine and proximal femoral BMD (P < .05). Using DXA as the gold standard, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of calcaneal QUS in the diagnosis of osteoporosis were 90.2%, 89.2%, 100%, 100%, and 50.0%, respectively. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, when the QUS T-score of calcaneum was –1.8, the area under the curve was 0.888, the sensitivity was 73.21%, and the specificity was 92.31% (P < .05). When the QUS T-score of calcaneum was –2.35, the sensitivity was 37.2% and the specificity was 100%.Calcaneal QUS can be used to predict proximal femoral BMD in middle-aged and elderly people, as well as lumbar BMD in women. As a screening method for osteoporosis, calcaneal QUS has good specificity, so it can be recommended to use it as a pre-screening tool to reduce the number of DXA screening. When the QUS T-score of calcaneum is –1.8, it has the greatest diagnostic efficiency for osteoporosis; when the QUS T-score of calcaneum is ≤–2.35, it can be diagnosed as osteoporosis.

Association between Dietary Calcium Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults

ABSTRACT Calcium is a requisite nutrient in maintaining bone health. High calcium intake has been recommended for osteoporosis prevention. However, the relationship of dietary calcium intake with bone mineral density (BMD) in the elderly remained controversial. We aimd to evaluate the association between them in older adults. Using data from the Nutrition and Health Examination Survey (NHANES, 2001–2006), we conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to explore the association of dietary calcium intake with lumbar BMD in older adults. Subgroup analyses were also performed. We included 2904 older adults aged ≥ 60 (43.63% men) for analysis. Higher dietary calcium intake was associated with greater lumbar BMD after adjusting for other covariates. In the subgroup analysis stratified by sex, this positive association existed in women, but not in men. In conclusion, for older adults aged ≥ 60, higher dietary calcium intake is associated with a higher lumbar BMD in women, but not in men.

Association between serum levels of bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BackgroundIn patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), higher risks of impaired bone metabolism are widely reported. To evaluate bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover levels should be included. In this article, we analyzed the relationship between them in T2DM.MethodsWe conducted a hospital‐based cross‐sectional study enrolling 1499 patients hospitalized for T2DM between October 2009 and January 2013. Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify the relationship between bone turnover markers (BTMs) and BMD levels. A two‐sided P‐value < .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, osteocalcin (OC) showed a negative relationship with total lumbar, femur neck, and total hip BMD in men and women. N‐terminal propeptides of type I collagen (P1NP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed a negative association with BMD at three sites in men and total lumbar BMD in women, whereas in the femur neck and total hip in women, the relationship was only found for P1NP with total hip. For β‐C‐terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (β‐CTX), a negative relationship was also found in all three sites for BMD in men and total lumbar BMD in women, whereas β‐CTX was not associated in the femoral neck and total hip in women.ConclusionIn patients with T2DM, serum levels of OC, P1NP, β‐CTX, and ALP were negatively correlated with BMD levels in men in three sites and with total lumbar BMD in women. The relationship varied in femur neck and total hip BMD in women.

Changes in bone mineral density during and after 3 years’ use of tamoxifen or toremifene

Objectives: To study the effects of tamoxifen and toremifene on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Methods: Seventy patients with stage II–III breast cancer were randomized to start either tamoxifen ( n=36; 20 mg per day) or toremifene ( n=34; 40 mg per day) for 3 years. BMD in the lumbar spine and in the proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry both before and during the treatment and 1 year after the discontinuation of the anti-estrogens. Results: The baseline BMD measurements were comparable between the groups. In 3 years, lumbar BMD decreased by 1.7% in tamoxifen ( P=0.048) and 3.0% in toremifene ( P=0.001) users (ns between the groups), and femoral neck BMD by 0.9% ( P=0.040) and 1.3% ( P=ns), respectively. The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) until the diagnosis of breast cancer was associated with decreases in lumbar BMD during anti-estrogen regimen (4% at 3 years) in contrast to unchanged lumbar BMD in women with no previous use of HRT. During the 1st year after the cessation of anti-estrogen, lumbar BMD did not change at all in either group whereas femoral BMD decreased in both the groups at the rate of 1.5–3.2%, as expected. Conclusions: We conclude that tamoxifen (20 mg) and toremifene (40 mg) have similar bone-sparing efficacy that in lumbar spine extends up to 1 year after the cessation of these regimens. This effect is not seen in lumbar spine BMD in those postmenopausal women who discontinue HRT at the time of breast cancer diagnosis.

Changes in bone mineral density during and after 3 years? use of tamoxifen or toremifene

Objectives: To study the effects of tamoxifen and toremifene on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Methods: Seventy patients with stage II–III breast cancer were randomized to start either tamoxifen (n=36; 20 mg per day) or toremifene (n=34; 40 mg per day) for 3 years. BMD in the lumbar spine and in the proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry both before and during the treatment and 1 year after the discontinuation of the anti-estrogens. Results: The baseline BMD measurements were comparable between the groups. In 3 years, lumbar BMD decreased by 1.7% in tamoxifen (P=0.048) and 3.0% in toremifene (P=0.001) users (ns between the groups), and femoral neck BMD by 0.9% (P=0.040) and 1.3% (P=ns), respectively. The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) until the diagnosis of breast cancer was associated with decreases in lumbar BMD during anti-estrogen regimen (4% at 3 years) in contrast to unchanged lumbar BMD in women with no previous use of HRT. During the 1st year after the cessation of anti-estrogen, lumbar BMD did not change at all in either group whereas femoral BMD decreased in both the groups at the rate of 1.5–3.2%, as expected. Conclusions: We conclude that tamoxifen (20 mg) and toremifene (40 mg) have similar bone-sparing efficacy that in lumbar spine extends up to 1 year after the cessation of these regimens. This effect is not seen in lumbar spine BMD in those postmenopausal women who discontinue HRT at the time of breast cancer diagnosis.