The timing of Earth's initial crustal growth and reworking through collisional settings remains an issue of extensive debate. Here, we report a Paleo-to Mesoarchean migmatite-gneiss, temporally- and spatially-associated with a convergent plate boundary in the Uauá Block, Brazil. This rock records an amphibolite-bearing tonalitic residue and pyroxene-bearing granitic leucosome. Orthopyroxene indicates high-temperature metamorphism during leucosome generation, while the widespread retrogressed hornblende in the residue indicates conditions corresponding to amphibolite facies. Zircon grains display LREE-depleted magmatic cores characterized by distinct zoning, crystallized at 3325 ± 70 and 3245 ± 8 Ma. They are enclosed by LREE-enriched metamorphic overgrowth zones and rims formed at 3120 ± 7 and 3069 ± 9 Ma, accompanied by an increase in Ti content. The εHf(t) values decrease with time from +1.55 to −7.06 and Lu/Hf ratios (0.001–0.011) are consistent with the evolution of the Paleo-to Eoarchean crustal sources with TDM Hf model ages between 3.56 and 3.73 Ga. Our findings provide direct evidence of crustal reworking, implicating a Paleoarchean protolith submitted, during early Mesoarchean, to a high-temperature metamorphism spatially-associated with a regional collisional setting in the São Francisco Craton. Further, we surmise that convergent tectonic processes may have played an important role in crustal reworking during the Paleo-to Mesoarchean transition. These observations allowed a comparison between the crustal evolution of the Uauá and Gavião Blocks in the northern São Francisco Craton, as well as with other Archean cratons.