LSB Substitution Research Articles

Robust steganographic framework for securing sensitive healthcare data of telemedicine using convolutional neural network

AbstractData is the key element that runs the modern society. Large amounts of data are being released day by day as a result of many activities. The digital data is transferred through the Internet which may be vulnerable to attacks while transmitting. Especially, the medical data is observed to be of at most importance. Thus, the security of the data should be preserved while communicating through the Internet. Many techniques have been evolved for securing the data, such as Encryption which makes the data not understandable by others and techniques such as Steganography, which hides the data inside other file or document. Traditional methods of Steganography‐like LSB substitution are subjected to risks of manipulation of carrier image and poor embedding capabilities. In light of this, the authors introduce a Convolutional Neural Network‐based image steganography method that operates on DICOM images which conceals the sensitive medical data in the carrier file, thereby increasing the privacy of the sensitive data. The data considered here is brain MRI scan images. The Prep Net, Hiding Net and Reveal Net networks, each with distinct number of convolution layers are used to build the model. The sensitive data is firstly segmented to detect the Region of Interest (ROI) and then the combination of sensitive data and the carrier image are fed to the Prep Net to manipulate sensitive images in such a form that it can easily fit inside the carrier image. The Hiding Net takes the result of Prep Net and embeds the sensitive image inside the carrier image to form a stego image. The Reveal Net takes the result of Hiding Net image and then extracts the sensitive image with minimal loss. The dataset contains medical images of DICOM format taken from open source platform Kaggle that contains 3500 images of 2 classes. The results obtained show that the proposed model achieves 20 percent better output compared to traditional LSB methods. As a result, the potential for hiding the data will be expanded, as well as its security.

Elevating Image Steganography: A Fusion of MSB Matching and LSB Substitution for Enhanced Concealment Capabilities

Elevating Image Steganography: A Fusion of MSB Matching and LSB Substitution for Enhanced Concealment Capabilities

Secure Message Transmission: Integrating AES Encryption and LSB Substitution Steganography in a Django-based System

Abstract: This study introduces an innovative strategy for ensuring secure message transmission by merging AES encryption with steganography. The proposed technique entails the development of a user-friendly website using Django, facilitating the secure input of messages. The input text is then subjected to encryption using the well-established AES algorithm, recognized for its robust cryptographic capabilities. Subsequently, the encrypted message becomes concealed within an image through the utilization of LSB substitution, a prevalent steganographic method. The paper thoroughly explores the methodology, experimental configuration, and outcomes, effectively showcasing the efficacy of this amalgamated approach. Ultimately, this solution offers a pragmatic remedy for accomplishing covert and secure communication across diverse applications.

Steganographic Techniques for High-Capacity Covert Communication in Images and Videos

Steganography is the art of concealing information within other data to obscure the transmission process. Digital photos are the preferred carrier files due to their ubiquity online. Various steganography techniques exist for hiding sensitive data in video frames, each with distinct strengths and weaknesses. Some applications require total invisibility for critical information, while others can accommodate larger secret messages. Our project conceals messages within visuals, enabling users to select replacement bits instead of employing less secure LSB substitution. Data transmission, the process of sending data from source to destination, often involves slower mediums like coaxial cables and twisted pair wires, which can result in data leaks or losses. To address these issues, fiber optics are employed. Fiber optics transmited data as light beams, minimizing data leakage and incorporating security measures. In our proposed system, we enhance fiber optic encryption through the use of images. Key Words: Steganography, data concealment, digital photos, steganography techniques, data invisibility, LSB substitution, data transmission, coaxial cables, twisted pair wires, fiber optics, data security, image encryption.

A Password and Least Significant Bit Substitution Based Steganography Technique for Image Hiding

The proposed work introduces an image steganography technique using text-based password that acts as the symmetric key of encryption and decryption. It contains two components, an encoder, and a decoder. An encoder takes a secret image that needs to be hidden inside another cover image. The Combined image is encrypted with an eight characters’ password. The starting position of the cover image from where the secret image starts to hide depends on the password. Then the (Least Significant Bit) LSB Substitution technique is used to hide the entire secret image inside the cover image. The decoder takes the encrypted image and the password to retrieve the secret image back. The proposed work produces an encrypted image by keeping 99% information of the cover image and 100% information of the secret image, thus it provides lossless retrieval of the secret image. The proposed work includes dynamicity of position in steganography that ensures more security of image data over the network than the existing state of art methods.

Adaptive Image Steganography Using Rotating Color Channels and Inverted LSB Substitution

Adaptive Image Steganography Using Rotating Color Channels and Inverted LSB Substitution

Performance evaluation of LSB steganography based on multiple image formats

In the proposed research work steganography technique has been designed and developed for carrier images having different formats. The algorithm is applicable for the image formats: PNG (Portable Network Graphics), TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), JPEG (Joint Photograph Expert Group), and BMP (Bitmap). A single algorithm for almost all types of image formats provides many advantages. Depending upon the size of the secret message, network bandwidth, and allowable distortion we can choose the format of the carrier. For embedding secret messages, the LSB substitution technique is applied in this paper. We utilized the concept of imperceptibility by calculating PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), MSE (Mean Square Error), SSIM (Structure Similarity Index Metrics), Histogram, and Entropy. The proposed work is analyzed for robustness with favorable results. Two steganalysis tools: Stegexpose and Stegdetect are used to detect the hidden secret message. For analyzing the complexity of work capacity, concealing and retrieval times are calculated. Furthermore, the comparative outcome for the proposed work is very promising for different carrier image formats.

A Binary Pattern Based Secure Data Hiding in Digital Images

Information security is one of the most challenging tasks in the recent era of advanced technologies and communication. It is important to ensure the secure exchange of confidential data. Data hiding techniques have a key role in ensuring security. The proposed technique is one such technique to enhance the security of secret information by many folds. The proposed technique detects a binary pattern to classify the cover image pixels into two groups of pixels, i.e., the group of pixels used for information hiding and the group of pixels that remains unaffected. The secret information is hidden in the selected pixels using LSB substitution without creating any detectable modifications. The results show that the technique creates a high-quality stego image with a PSNR larger than the threshold level of 30dB and SSIM higher than 0.9999. Along with the good quality of the stego images, the binary pattern enhances the security of the hidden information twofold.

Steganography Based on Data Mapping and LSB Substitution With RSS Key Generation

ABSTRAK Untuk menghindari pihak ketiga yang tidak berwenang, berbagai solusi keamanan telah dibuat untuk mengamankan kerahasiaan pesan atau informasi, salah satunya adalah steganografi. Penelitian ini mengusulkan teknik pembangkitan kunci dalam proses steganografi. Secara umum steganografi menggunakan konsep kunci simetris, dimana metode ini membutuhkan pihak ketiga dalam proses pendistribusian kunci rahasia. Solusi dari permasalahan tersebut penulis mengusulkan metode baru dengan menggabungkan pembangkitan kunci rahasia menggunakan RSS pada jaringan nirkabel dengan steganografi untuk menyembunyikan pesan. Sistem yang kami usulkan diterapkan pada kondisi statis dan kondisi dinamis untuk menguji kinerja. Pada proses pembangkitan kunci didapatkan waktu rata-rata 110,52 detik untuk membangkitkan kunci. Pada proses embedding, waktu komputasi rata-rata untuk 65.536 karakter adalah 6,38 detik untuk menghasilkan citra stego. Pada proses ekstraksi didapatkan waktu komputasi rata-rata 0,63 detik untuk mendapatkan pesan rahasia. Kata kunci: RSS, Key Generation, Symmetric Cryptography, Steganography. ABSTRACT To avoid unauthorised third parties, variety of security solutions have been created to secure the confidentiality of messages or information, one of which is steganography. This study proposes key generation technique in the steganography process. In general, steganography uses a symmetric key concept, where this method requires a third party in the secret key distribution process. The solution to this problem the authors propose a new method by combining secret key generation using RSS on a wireless network with steganography for hiding messages. To test performance, our proposed system is used in both static and dynamic condition. In the key generation process, an average time of 110.52 seconds was obtained to generate keys. In the embedding process, the average computation time for 65,536 characters is 6.38 seconds to produce a stego image. In the extraction process, an average computation time of 0.63 seconds is obtained to get a secret message. Keywords: RSS, Key Generation, Symmetric Cryptography, Steganography.

Intricacies in image steganography and innovative directions

With the advancement in digital communication and data sets getting huge due to computerisation of data gathering worldwide, the need for data security in transmission also increases. Cryptography and steganography are well known methods available to provide security where the former use techniques that control information in order to cipher or hide their presence and the latter concentrates on data concealment. Steganography is the practice of masking data especially multimedia data within another data. Visual contents get more importance from people compared to audio contents and moreover visual content file is huge when compared to audio file thereby helping increase robustness of the hiding algorithms. In this paper, we consider three domains in which the image steganography algorithms are proposed along with the experimentation results on USC-SIPI image database which prove the betterment of the algorithms as compared with the traditional algorithms. We propose to use rule based LSB substitution method in spatial domain, XOR based hiding in frequency domain and data encryption standard based embedding in wavelet domain. We find that the proposed algorithms have a better PSNR value averaging close to 53 after embedding the secret data, while the existing algorithms has values of around 50.

A Multiplicative-Additive Chaotic-Address Steganography

In this study, Multiple-Chaotic maps were merged by using multiplicative-additive form to generate the
 chaotic sequences which are used to track the addresses of shuffled bits in steganography. Three techniques are
 introduced for image steganography in the spatial domain. The first system is based on the well-known LSB
 technique, the second system is based on looking for the identical bits between the secret message and the cover
 image and the third system is based on the concept of LSB substitution, it is employed the mapping of secret data bits
 with cover pixel bits. It was tested and evaluated security levels for the proposed techniques by using the Peak
 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), histogram analysis and correlative analysis and tested the
 Chaotic sequences generated by using correlation, Lypaunov exponents, Poincaré section and 0-1Test. The results
 show that the proposed methods perform better than existed systems.

Data Hiding and Retrieval Method Using LSB Substitution Algorithm

Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding information in other information. Many different carrier ?le formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet. For hiding secret information in images, there exists a large variety of steganography techniques some are more complex than others and all of them have respective strong and weak points. Different applications have different requirements of the steganography technique used. For example, some applications may require absolute invisibility of the secret information, while others require a larger secret message to be hidden. This project hides the message within the image. This project uses LSB Substitution method to hide the secret message inside the image. Sender select the cover image with the secret message ?le (which can be of any format) and hide it into the image, it help to generate the secure stego image. The stego image is sent to the destination with the help of private or public communication network. On the other side the receiver downloads the stego image and using the software retrieve the secret text hidden in the stego image.

A novel matrix multiplication based LSB substitution mechanism for data security and authentication

To enhance the conventional LSB technique of digital image watermarking, the paper introduces a novel approach of LSB technique based on matrix multiplication process. This technique selects the non-consecutive matrix of pixels to replace the last three bits of each RGB components of cover image by watermark image. The filtering process is applied on each block of matrix to select the suitable block for embedding process. Extraction process of watermark is just the reverse of the embedding process. The non-uniform substitution of bits makes the system more vigorous in terms of robustness, imperceptibility and security. Although the proposed method is non blind type of digital watermarking, the original image is required at destination side for the extraction process. MATLAB tool is used for the evaluation of the proposed system. The strength of the given methodology is highlighted by experimental results and tabulated for statistical attacks. This technique is suitable for content authentication and copyright protection applications.

Cryptosystem Conversion, Packing and Matrix Processing of Homomorphically Encrypted Data: Application to IOT Devices

In this paper, we propose a secure protocol that allows processing encrypted data emitted by an IOT device with low computational capabilities. Its originality is threefold. It first relies on a new fast algorithm which makes possible the conversion of Combined Linear Congruential Generator (CLCG) encrypted IOT data into data homomorphically encrypted with the Damgard-Jurik (D-J) cryptosystem. In second, an original data packing strategy is given so as to reduce communication and computation complexity as well as process several D-J encrypted data at once by means of matrix operations. In third, we introduce a crypto-watermarking based integrity control mechanism. This one combines the lightweight hash function Quark with LSB substitution so as to offer the capability to check the integrity of CLCG encrypted data. We illustrate the deployment of our protocol, in the case an honest-but-curious or malicious third party wants to process encrypted data issued from a real connected knee prosthesis. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the performance of our solution. This one can nearly process 500 samples every second. Beyond, our proposal is suited to the general case of IOT.

Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for Images Using Gray Code Pixel Value Optimization

Steganography is a technique that allows confidential data to be delivered securely by embedding the data into cover digital media. In this paper, we propose a simple steganography method for cover gray images with high embedding capacity. The secret pixels are not directly embedded into the cover image by a k-bit LSB substitution method with k in the range [1, 4], but can be extracted from stego image by calculating the Canonical Gray Code (CGC) for the correct number of LSBs known only to sender and receiver. The bit embedding process is performed to minimize the influence of the embedded bits on the pixel intensity of the stego-image and limit the possibility of human perception to follow the distortions of the original image.This effect was achieved by considering virtual embedding of secret bits in canonical Gray code (CGC) calculated for the desired number of n bits (k < n ≤ 8) and optimally adjusting the CGC code to the embedded secret bits, and to the original pixel value of the cover image. The paper, in its experimental part, compares the effectiveness of the proposed method with other techniques. For the results verification, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), and structural similarity index (SSIM) are calculated.

Compensation of degradation, security, and capacity of LSB substitution methods by a new proposed hybrid n-LSB approach

This study proposes a new hybrid n-LSB (Least Significant Bit) substitution-based image steganography method in the spatial plane. The previously proposed n-LSB substitution method by authors of this paper is combined with the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), RC5, and Data Encryption Standard (DES) encryption algorithms to improve the security of the steganography, which is one of the requirements of steganography, and the Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW), Arithmetic and Deflate lossless compression algorithms to increase the secret message capacity. Also, embedding was done randomly using a logistic map-based chaos generator to increase the security more. The classical n-LSB substitution method and the proposed hybrid approaches based on the previously proposed n-LSB were implemented using different secret messages and cover images. When the results were examined, it has been seen that the proposed hybrid n-LSB approach showed improvement in all three criteria of steganography. The proposed hybrid approach that consists of previously proposed n-LSB, RSA, Deflate, and the logistic map had the best results regarding capacity, security, and imperceptibility.

Entropy based spatial domain image watermarking and its performance analysis

Digital image watermarking technique based on LSB Substitution and Hill Cipher is presented and examined in this paper. For better imperceptibility watermark is inserted in the spatial domain. Further the watermark is implanted in the Cover Image block having the highest entropy value. To improve the security of the watermark hill cipher encryption is used. Both subjective and objective image quality assessment technique has been used to evaluate the imperceptibility of the proposed scheme.Further, the perceptual perfection of the watermarked pictures accomplished in the proposed framework has been contrasted and some state-of-art watermarking strategies. Test results demonstrates that the displayed method is robust against different image processing attacks like Salt and Peppers, Gaussian filter attack, Median filter attacks, etc.

Fast hash-based high secure hiding technique for digital data security

In present time, data hiding emerges as one of the important issues in data embedding and security due to the increase of technology. To improve the quality of the video and the security of the data, this paper deals with data hiding technique using proposed SAJ encryption-decryption technique. The data is embedded in different video frames and it is embedded using a cryptographic hash function with a secret key to enhance the security of the data. We also compared different data hiding techniques to ensure the efficiency of algorithm such as codeword substitution, steganography, watermarking, LSB substitution and cryptography. Our focus is to enhance the security, reliability, and to keep the size of the data as low as possible. In this paper, we have proposed new data hiding technique, hash-based high secure hiding technique (HBHSHT) which is more reliable as estimated. It supports a well user-defined level of accessibility and security. As compared different techniques, it is found that the proposed algorithm is more efficient approximately 8%.

Fast Hash Based High Secure Hiding Technique for Digital Data Security

In present time, data hiding emerges as one of the important issues in data embedding and security due to the increase of technology. To improve the quality of the video and the security of the data, this paper deals with data hiding technique using proposed SAJ encryption-decryption technique. The data is embedded in different video frames and it is embedded using a cryptographic hash function with a secret key to enhance the security of the data. We also compared different data hiding techniques to ensure the efficiency of algorithm such as codeword substitution, steganography, watermarking, LSB substitution and cryptography. Our focus is to enhance the security, reliability, and to keep the size of the data as low as possible. In this paper, we have proposed new data hiding technique, hash-based high secure hiding technique (HBHSHT) which is more reliable as estimated. It supports a well user-defined level of accessibility and security. As compared different techniques, it is found that the proposed algorithm is more efficient approximately 8%.

Secure RGB image steganography based on modified LSB substitution

Secure RGB image steganography based on modified LSB substitution