Measures Of Commitment Research Articles

User-Generated Contents and Brand Loyalty of Skinscare Products in Port Harcourt

This paper empirically investigated the relationship between User-Generated Contents and Brand Loyalty of Skincare Products in Port Harcourt. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to determine how user authenticity and user engagement rate relate with customer satisfaction and repeat patronage of skincare products in Port Harcourt. The correlational research design was adopted and the population of the study was infinite. Topman’s formula was used to generate a sample size of 384 customers. However, only 262 respondents provided data for the study through questionnaire that was designed in the Likert 5-point scale of strongly disagree to strongly agree. Spearman Correlation (rho) was used to four hypotheses. From results of the analysis it was revealed that user authenticity and user engagement rate which are the proxies of user-generated contents positively and significantly relate with customer satisfaction and repeat patronage (i.e. measures of brand loyalty) of skincare products in Port Harcourt. Based on these findings, it was concluded that both factors have a very strong and positive impact on customer loyalty, with authenticity playing a particularly crucial role in shaping customer perceptions and trust. The strong relationship between user engagement and repeat patronage further highlights the importance of fostering active and meaningful interactions with customers. Therefore, the study recommended amongst others that skincare brands should encourage genuine customer reviews and testimonials by creating platforms where customers feel comfortable sharing their honest experiences. Authentic content resonates more with potential buyers, fostering trust and leading to higher customer satisfaction and repeat purchases.

Communal-brand connection and service loyalty: the mediation effect of corporate reputation and customer satisfaction among retail banking customers

PurposeThe study explores the dynamics among communal-brand connections, corporate reputation, customer satisfaction and their collective influence on service loyalty within the retail customer segment of commercial banks.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses are proposed for a parallel and serial-mediated model, in which corporate reputation and customer satisfaction mediate the influence of communal-brand connections on service loyalty. Data are collected from a sample of retail customers of commercial banks in a European country.FindingsFindings indicate that individuals who perceive a strong affiliation with a brand that emphasises community engagement are more likely to demonstrate loyalty to that brand. Results highlight the need for managers allocate resources to cultivate community initiatives that foster communal-brand connection in their drive to improve service loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsA non-representative sample was collected, with a focus on a limited set of variables and employing a unidimensional measure of service loyalty. Additionally, the significance of communal-brand connection may vary across brands, warranting replication studies among smaller banks.Practical implicationsRecognition of communal-brand connection as an important driver of customer loyalty suggests that customers are motivated by intrinsic positioning factors related to the community. As part of their positioning, commercial banks can leverage their marketing and communication efforts to foster community development, thereby enhancing customer identification, connection and narratives that foster belongingness among customers.Originality/valueThe model of direct and mediated model of communal-brand connection on service loyalty has not been previously explored. Moreover, the research is conducted among retail bank customers that representing a context seldom considered in the domain of brand communities.

The Role of Customer Satisfaction and Awareness as A Measure of Customer Loyalty- A Study on Select Banks

Purpose: The study wants to examine customer loyalty through customer satisfaction and awareness using developed constructs for select Nifty Banks. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework for the study is to analyze customer loyalty through customer satisfaction and awareness using constructs of General Services (GS), Product Cognizance (PC), Technology Services (TS), and Social Responsibility (SR). Design/methodology/approach: The cluster sampling method was used to collect data from bank customers (n=360) using the self-administered questionnaire. The research used Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesis using SmartPLS 4. Findings: The result showed, that there is low customer satisfaction with Technology Services (TS) and that hypothesis was rejected. Research, Practical & Social implications: The study has provided recommendations for banks were discussed to pay more attention to customer fulfilment and awareness which convert satisfaction to customer delight. Originality/value: Due to market sustainability and dynamics, the Indian banking industry has undergone many major changes such as digital banking units (DBU), digital currencies, and social green initiatives. Bank has incorporated many advancements to overcome its rivals. So, the study wants to know the customers are aware of these changes among their banks and whether they are satisfied with products and services. Contribution/Originality: The study wants to rank the select banks of India based on the constructs built, which measure customer loyalty through customer satisfaction and awareness.

Enhancing Unit-linked Insurance Consumer Loyalty: The Role of Service Quality, Information Asymmetry, and Agent Marketing Strategies

Unit-linked insurance (PAYDI), Indonesia's top-selling life insurance product, has driven industrial growth in the last two decades through effective agent marketing. However, its complexity, blending protection, and investment have drawn criticism for consumers’ detriment and increasing complaints about insurance agent practices. This study aimed to achieve critical objectives by examining consumer perceptions of agent-provided service quality and distinguishing between active and lapsed policyholders as a measure of loyalty. It also seeks to construct a model that delineates the impact of service quality on consumer satisfaction and loyalty with information asymmetry as a moderating variable. This study used a cross-sectional research design, and gathered data through electronic questionnaires distributed to PAYDI insurance consumers. Purposive sampling was used to select participants, resulting in 159 respondents meeting the study’s criteria. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). These findings underscore the critical influence of agent reliability and empathy on consumer satisfaction with information asymmetry emerging as a key moderator between satisfaction and loyalty. These results imply that reinforcing agent training in reliability, empathy, and efforts to minimize information asymmetry significantly enhances consumer satisfaction and loyalty in the insurance sector. This research suggests that companies should develop a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) and incentives for agents to enhance both customer acquisition and post-purchase services, ensure transparent information sharing, and set measurable satisfaction targets such as the Net Promoter Score (NPS). Future studies should focus on operational diversity and alternative proxies of firms.

User-Specific Loyalty Measure and Prediction Using Deep Neural Network From Twitter Data

Analyzing the social media data posted by users reveals insights about the business such as customers’ sentiment, limitations, improvements in services, users’ expectations, customer loyalty, and satisfaction. Customer satisfaction and loyalty are measured using net promoter score (NPS), which is based on a survey and often lacks the background of customer context. Several recent methods, net brand reputation (NBR) and net sentiment score (NSS), overcome NPS limitations and utilize social media data to gauge customer loyalty. The NBR and NSS also have the limitation that they do not provide the user-level score. In social media, existing user has an influence on a new user, which cannot be estimated in NBR and NSS. The main contribution of this research is developing novel user-and product-level metrics, which measure the influence, satisfaction, and customer loyalty. User sentiment score (USS) measures customer loyalty, overall influence factor (OIF) computes influence factor, effective influence on user (EIU) gives the effective impact on a new user, and satisfaction score (SATS) estimates satisfaction using user tweets. Social data influence score (SDIS) is proposed to measure the combined impact of user satisfaction and influence. We prepare a Twitter dataset of five popular online learning platforms: Coursera, Udemy, Udacity, Khanacademy, and edX, and analyzed our proposed metrics on them. Prediction of USS into loyal and not loyal customers is carried out using Twitter data and dense neural networks (DNNs). The performance of DNN is compared with random forest classifier (RFC), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB), and support vector classifier (SVC). DNN gave the highest classification of 98.62% on tenfold cross validation.

Features of personnel management in the conditions of economic crisis

In human resource management (HR), loyalty is an important issue and, therefore, "a serious problem for many organizations. Uncontrolled staff turnover can have serious consequences for companies. This problem is especially acute during the crisis. The introduction of loyalty measures is especially relevant when there are many job offers and employees can easily find an alternative position. The object of the study is to study the use of the loyalty tool as a mechanism for preventing and regulating crisis situations. For this purpose, methods were used: comparative and statistical analysis, formal-logical, functional and process approach to research, as well as methods of studying documentation and information materials, SWOT analysis, etc. Research results: in the long term and to prepare for economic recovery, organizations realize the importance of retaining their personnel, mainly high-potential and key people, for their survival in a competitive market. This way they can maintain their skills, as well as increase the satisfaction and loyalty of their employees. Then the relationship between the loyalty of human resources and the effectiveness of the organization becomes clearer: loyalty ensures better company performance, maintaining competitive advantages, better quality of personnel management by optimizing personnel management costs and reducing social dysfunction.

The Role of Customer Satisfaction and Awareness as A Measure of Customer Loyalty- A Study on Select Banks

The Role of Customer Satisfaction and Awareness as A Measure of Customer Loyalty- A Study on Select Banks

The Relationship between Human Resource Management Practices and Employees’ Loyalty of the Nigerian Public Sector

Employee loyalty plays a significant role in the organizational development as well as economic growth around the word. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between human resource management practices (HRMP), and employee loyalty (EL) in Nigeria public sector. A proposed human resource management practices model the influences employees’ loyalty measures were formulated and tested. This study adopts quantitative research approach. Survey, using questionnaire, was conducted to obtained data from 500 public sector employees in Lagos state Nigeria. Structural Equation Modelling analysis using AMOS version 22 was conducted to determine the direct effects of HRM on employee loyalty. The findings reveal that there is a strong causal relationship between HRM practices and employee loyalty in Lagos state public sector. This study recommends that future research should consider using longitudinal mixed method research design to study relationship between HRM practices, workplace spirituality and employee loyalty. Thus, findings of this research

Brand loyalty prediction model based on machine learning classification algorithm

Brand loyalty describes a consumer's psychological attribution, and the behavior of this attitude is reflected in the repeated purchase of the brand's products, or the first choice of the brand when many brands are displayed, that is, based on emotional loyalty. Repeat purchase behavior status, and brand loyalty is a measure of consumer loyalty to a brand. This paper aims to study the research on the prediction model of brand loyalty based on machine learning classification algorithm. Starting from the brand relationship theory and social capital theory, this paper explores the brand loyalty prediction model based on machine learning classification algorithm in the context of mobile Internet. In this paper, the machine learning classification algorithm technology finds the characteristics that can describe customer loyalty, and establishes a customer loyalty prediction model. According to the model, the loyalty level of each brand customer can be effectively predicted. Experiments have shown that the accuracy of the loyalty prediction model constructed in this paper has reached about 80%, and under the application of the model, the proportion of people who purchased brand products in the past year has reached more than 95%.

Pengaruh Motivasi Intrinsik Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Arab Kelas V di MI Al Azkia Tenjolaya Bogor

Teacher work loyalty is a measure of loyalty which is described by the ability of employees to defend and maintain the company / organization both in the area and outside the work area. This study aims to determine the contribution of leadership behavior to teacher job loyalty. This research was conducted in private high schools throughout Cibungbulang District. The number of samples taken was 25 teachers, with a non-probability sampling method with a sampling technique, namely saturated samples. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire or questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression. Based on the results of the analysis, it shows that there is a contribution between leadership behavior and teacher work loyalty. This shows that the stronger the influence of leadership behavior, the higher the job loyalty generated by the teacher. Therefore, to foster job loyalty to teachers, a leader is expected to further improve leadership behavior in order to increase teacher job loyalty.Keywords: Leadership Behavior, Teacher Work Loyalty

Re-examining age-related loyalty for low-involvement purchasing

PurposePrevious research on age-related loyalty is sparse, contradictory and suffers from methodological limitations and criticisms. This study aims to apply two methodological advances to fresh purchasing data to give a much clearer picture of age-related differences in brand loyalty.Design/methodology/approachAn online brand choice survey (n = 1,862) is used to examine age-related loyalty within three low-involvement categories in New Zealand. The polarisation index (φ) is adopted as the measure of loyalty to control for confounding influences present in prior research. Results for chronological age are validated through comparison with results for measures of cognitive, biological and sociological age, as well as household life cycle.FindingsContrary to prior research, age-related differences in loyalty are detected in two of the three low-involvement categories studied. The third category does not show detectable loyalty for any age group. Although differences in brand loyalty are broadly present across all age measures, no alternative measure outperforms chronological age in detecting variations in age-related loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first evidence that age-related brand loyalty is present in low-involvement categories. However, effects are small and easily obscured by confounding factors. More research is needed to determine how results vary by category.Practical implicationsDespite showing minor differences in loyalty, older consumers still purchase from a wide portfolio of brands and so should not be ignored by marketers. Future research can investigate loyalty for older consumers by adopting the method of analysing differences in polarisation (φ) for chronological age groups.Originality/valuePrevious contradictory findings and methodological concerns about measurement of age-related loyalty are resolved through use of the polarisation index (φ) as a measure of loyalty and by confirmation that chronological age performs as well as any other age measure.

Antecedents of Domestic Tourists’ Loyalty: The Role of Place Attachment and Satisfaction

Place attachment is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct reflecting the bond between individuals and places. Tourists may also develop an attachment to a destination, and attachment could be an essential measure of tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. Therefore, this study empirically evaluates a model linking place attachment, satisfaction, and destination loyalty. The study also analyses the mediating effect of satisfaction on the relationship between place attachment and destination loyalty in island tourism destination context. Data were collected from 311 domestic tourists visiting Bozcaada Island, Turkey. An analysis was carried out using a Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique through structural equation modelling to test the theoretical model. After the analysis, significant and positive relationships were determined between place attachment, satisfaction, and destination loyalty variables. With this research, place attachment and satisfaction are defined as the antecedents that have an important place in the formation of destination loyalty. The relations of these antecedents with each other and destination loyalty and their direct and indirect effects on the construction of loyalty are revealed. In line with these effects, a series of suggestions for literature and practice are presented.

Service Quality and Brand Loyalty of Banks in Bayelsa State of Nigeria

The study was embarked upon with the aim of determining the nature of the relationship between service quality and brand loyalty of banks in Bayelsa State of Nigeria, and this was done using responsiveness and reliability as dimensions of service quality and brand advocacy as a measure of brand loyalty, bringing about two research questions and study hypotheses which was put to the test by the use of the Pearson correlation coefficient method with the aid of SPSS software. The study adopted the descriptive design and used a questionnaire as a means of gathering data from the customers of selected banks in Bayelsa State amounting to a total of 140, but a total of 130 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and used for the analysis of data which informed the conclusion and findings of the research. The study revealed a significant relationship between both reliability and responsiveness as dimensions of service quality and brand advocacy as a measure of brand loyalty. The study therefore concluded that there is a significant relationship between the variables and thus made the following recommendations; Banks should give prompt and quick response to its customers‟ compliant by creating a simple and fast compliant handling system; Banks must let its customers feel safe and secured in any transaction; Banks should create a strong feedback system that enables them to relate effectively with customers and understand them better; Banks should fasten their service processes.

Corporate sustainability and customer loyalty: The role of firm’s green image

We aimed to investigate the influence of corporate sustainability on customer loyalty. Participants were 790 customers from mobile telecommunication, retail banking, and the manufacturing sector of the Ghanian economy (female = 42%, age range = 18 to 65 years). The customers completed existing measures of corporate sustainability, green image, and customer loyalty. Data were analysed by performing structural equation modeling using SmartPLS. The path coefficient of the direct model indicated higher levels of environmental sustainability and economic sustainability were associated with higher levels of customer loyalty. The outcome of the indirect effect test indicated that green image of business organisations does not influence the relationship between economic and environmental sustainability and customer loyalty. Organisations should endeavor to implement robust and deliberate sustainability strategies to enrich the green orientation and reputation of firms to attract the attention and inputs of relevant stakeholders.

Analysis of the Effect of Brand Equity on Buying Interest in Paragon's Products

This study aims to examie and analyze: (1) to identify the characteristics of users of Paragon products, (2) to analyze the brand equity variables that have a significant effect on purchasing decisions for Paragon products and (3) to formulate an effective marketing strategy for Paragon products. Based on the existing population, namely by female gender in Banyumas in 2021 as many as 818,344 people, with a leeway level of inaccuracy of 10%, then by using the Slovin formula, the total sample size is 99.9 respondents or 100 respondents. Data collection was done by using a questionnaire. Analysis of the data used in this study using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of the study show that loyalty measures does not have a significant effect partially on the purchasing decision variables. Awareness measures do not have a significant effect on the purchasing decision variables. Perceived quality/leadership measures do not have a significant effect on the purchasing decision variables. Associations measures do not have a significant effect on the purchasing decision variables. Market Bbehavior measures have a significant influence on the purchasing decision variables.

Validating the potential measures of e-brand trust and e-brand loyalty: an examination using SEM

Validating the potential measures of e-brand trust and e-brand loyalty: an examination using SEM

PENGARUH BRAND IMAGE, BRAND SATISFACTION, DAN BRAND TRUST TERHADAP BRAND LOYALTY PELANGGAN SEPATU MEREK NIKE

Brand Loyalty is a measure of consumer loyalty to a brand. The factors that can affect brand loyalty include brand image, brand satisfaction, and brand trust. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of the influence of brand image, brand satisfaction, and brand trust on brand loyalty of Nike brand shoes customers in Denpasar City. This research was conducted on customers, a Nike shoe brand that is domiciled in the city of Denpasar who has bought Nike shoes more than twice. The sample size used was 110 respondents with non-probability sampling methods, especially purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires using the google form to online respondents. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that (1) brand image has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty with a significance value of 0.001 (2) brand satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty with a significance value of 0.001 (3) brand trust has no positive and significant effect on brand loyalty. a significance value of 0.532. Based on the results of this study, it can add evidence related to research variables that can assess the results of previous research.
 Keyword: Brand image, Brand satisfaction, Brand trust, Brand loyalty

On being loyal to a casino: The interactive influence of tier status and disordered gambling symptomatology on attitudinal and behavioral loyalty.

Background and AimsCasino loyalty programs are marketing strategies designed to foster attitudinal (i.e., identification and satisfaction) and behavioral (i.e., spending) loyalty among gamblers by offering rewards to members. Casino loyalty programs use a tier-based structure to segment members who spend more money into higher tiers, where they receive better rewards (compared to lower tiered members). Tier-based structures may encourage increased expenditure among patrons, especially among players living with a gambling disorder. The current work aimed to examine whether tier status and disordered gambling symptomatology interact to predict attitudinal and behavioral loyalty.MethodsStudy 1 used a cross-sectional design to examine whether tier status and disordered gambling symptomatology interact to predict self-reported loyalty among a sample of American casino loyalty program members (N = 396). In Study 2, archival player account data from Canadian casino loyalty program members (N = 649) were analyzed to examine whether tier status and disordered gambling symptomatology interact to predict objective measures of behavioral loyalty.ResultsThe greatest effect of tier status on attitudinal and behavioral loyalty was observed among non-problem gamblers in the highest tiers. Tier status, however, did not influence loyalty among members high in disordered gambling symptomatology.DiscussionResults suggest that once gambling has become problematic, loyalty programs may not influence player attitudes and behaviors. Non-problem gamblers may be particularly susceptible to the tiered structure of the programs.ConclusionNon-problem gamblers may benefit from casino loyalty programs in the short-term but longitudinal research is needed to understand the long-term influence of membership.

The POLLS—REVIEW

Abstract Presidential job approval is arguably the most important time series in US polling history and likely the most well-understood public opinion measure in popular American culture. This article examines the history of the measure going back to its origination during the Roosevelt administration, the value of presidential job approval in assessing the timeline of US history, the life cycle of presidential approval within administrations, and the relationship between presidential approval and incumbent reelection. The evidence indicates increasingly rigid partisan politicization in presidential-approval ratings, suggesting less variation in approval in the future, fewer so-called rally events, and the possibility that job approval may become more of a measure of party loyalty than actual presidential performance assessment.

Exploring Implicit and Explicit Attitudes of Employees' Authentic Organizational Loyalty.

The purpose of this study was to develop the OL-IAT (Organizational Loyalty – Implicit Association Test), an IAT tool that measures implicit attitudes toward organizational loyalty, and to verify its predictive validity. In total, 15 respondents were randomly selected from among the employees of P Company. The respondents were then asked open questions about the image they held of the target company. Based on their responses, a list of words was compiled for use on the OL-IAT. Evaluation categories, either like-dislike or positive-negative, were developed for this test based on the approach-avoidance words proposed by Ostafin and Palfai (2006). The OL-IAT was then administered to 127 employees of Company P, and self-reporting measures were also devised to measure explicit attitudes. A survey of whether the implicit attitude toward organizational loyalty was consistent with the explicit attitude showed that there was no significant correlation, and the attitude inconsistency was evident in the responses. When differences in rank were accounted for, organizational loyalty attitudes were consistent at the manager level, and organizational participation attitudes were consistent at the manager and general staff levels. This study will aid in the development of effective measures of organizational loyalty and accelerate interventions to increase it, which in turn will positively impact long-term organizational growth.