Lowland Rice Farming Research Articles

Effects of Risk and Time Preferences on Diet Quality: Empirical Evidence from Rural Madagascar

Malnutrition is a major concern in Madagascar. Eating a wide variety of nutritious food is necessary because Malagasy diets heavily rely on rice consumption. This study explored the barriers to dietary change towards diversification from the perspective of consumer behaviour. We analysed the impact of risk and time preferences on dietary diversity using economic experiments conducted with 539 rural lowland rice farmers in Central Highlands in Madagascar. The results showed that risk-averse or impatient individuals were more likely to have lower Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), indicating poorer diet quality. Risk-averse people may not want to add different foods to meals as they perceive unfamiliar food as a ‘risk’; people who prefer immediate gratification may fail to invest in nutritious diets now to achieve better health in the future. Additionally, higher HDDS was observed among households with a female head who earned off-farm income and who had frequent market visits. These findings contribute to explaining the limited shift in nutritional transition in Madagascar and provide useful insights into nutritional policies promoting healthier food choices. Depending on the preferences, more focused support such as nutritional education, financial support, market development, and pre-commitment mechanisms could be provided to reward long-term nutritional benefits.

Can Rice Farming through the National Strategy Food Estate Increase Regional Production?

Food estate is a large-scale food development program that is carried out in an integrated manner. This includes agriculture, plantations and livestock within an area. This research aims to (1) analyze the production factors of lowland rice farming as an effort to increase rice production in the national food estate strategy program in Central Kalimantan; (2) analyze the technical efficiency of lowland rice farming in an effort to increase rice production in the national food estate strategy program in Central Kalimantan. This research was carried out at the Siam Village Food Estate (COE). The sampling method used a random sampling method with a total sample of 89 people. The analysis method uses Cobb-Douglas production function analysis and Frontier Stochastic technical efficiency analysis. Research results: (1) land (X1), seeds (X2), lime (X3), and fertilizer (X4) have a significant effect (α<0.05) on lowland rice production results in the Balanti Siam village food estate, while pesticides (X5), labor (X6), machinery (X7), planting system dummy (D1), and planting pattern dummy (D2) do not have a significant effect on lowland rice production results on food aesthetic land in Balanti Siam village; (2) Farmers in Balanti Siam village are classified as technically efficient with an average technical efficiency of 96.5% (cut-off > 0.70), while individually there are 88 farmers who are classified as technically efficient. The production factors used in rice farming play an important role in production results. By using production factors efficiently, this can increase maximum rice production yields.

Status report on greenhouse gas emissions in lowland rice farming in Ivory Coast

Status report on greenhouse gas emissions in lowland rice farming in Ivory Coast

Technical Efficiency Of Rice Farming Around The Nickel Mining In Konawe Selatan District

South Konawe Regency has vast potential agricultural land, It can support the regional economy by supplying the food needs of the community and being a major player in trade across districts. In addition to providing food, the agricultural sector also serves as a market for goods produced by the industrial sector in rural communities and urban areas, a source of labor for industry, a source of capital for modern economic growth, particularly in its early stages, and a source of foreign exchange. Policy support is needed from the government in developing the agricultural sector considering the importance of synergy between the agricultural and mining sectors to minimize negative impacts in order to achieve economic balance so that it becomes the basis for local governments in taking appropriate policies to support the agricultural sector amidst mining activities. The purpose of this study is to examine lowland rice farming's technical effectiveness and production characteristics in the vicinity of South Konawe Regency's nickel mine. The data collected used primary and secondary data, with a total of 20 farmers as respondents. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) was utilized to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicate that lowland rice farming is technically efficient when it is conducted near nickel mining and that the production elements that actually affect lowland rice farming include land area, labour force, urea and NPK fertilisers, and insecticides.

IMPLEMENTASI AKAD MUKHABARAH PADA PERTANIAN PADI

This research aims to determine the implementation of mukhabarah contracts in lowland rice farming businesses in Sokogrenjeng Village, using qualitative methods with a field research approach. The subjects are land owners and cultivators in Sokogrenjeng Village, and the object is the practice of mukhabarah for agricultural products among the farming community of Sokogrenjeng Village. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research provide an overview of the background to mukhabarah cooperation between land owners and sharecroppers in Sokogrenjeng Village, highlighting the existence of cooperation between parties who do not have their own agricultural land and parties who do not have the ability and time to manage their land. The practice of mukhabarah in rice farming in Sokogrenjeng Village involves land owners handing over their land to sharecroppers, who then manage the land. After harvest, both parties have the right to receive the harvest from the rice fields according to the agreement made in the implementation of daily profit sharing using the mukhabarah system in Sokogrenjeng Village

Multidimensional analysis for assessing sustainability determinants of rice farming in Siak, Riau

Abstract This study was conducted in five villages in Bunga Raya District (Kemuning Muda, Bunga Raya, Tuah Indrapura, Jayapura, and Buantan Lestari), the rice production centers of Siak Regency, Riau. The research location was selected based on the largest percentage of rice field area. The research was conducted from January to July 2019. This research aims to determine sustainable lowland rice farming management variables for future lowland rice farming development in Bunga Raya District, Siak Regency. Purposive sampling was used to choose the 82 sample farmers, who were selected using the Slovin equation. The respondents are selected with a margin of error of 7% of the total population of farmer families. Data was gathered through the use of interview techniques, questionnaires, and field observations. Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) was used to analyze sustainable rice farming management factors after updating the Rapfish program. According to the findings of the sustainability study of 42 studied variables, 12 of them show sensitivity. Five of the ten stakeholder needs attributes were examined to provide sensitivity. The combined analysis of current prospective sustainability with stakeholders yielded five attributes determining factors for the sustainability of lowland rice farming in Bunga Raya: land conversion, participation in training/extension services, pesticide use, agro-tourism potential, and farmer capital availability. Another recommendation that policy makers need to consider, which is no less important, is to always preserve the rice field ecosystem by developing natural and human resources, so that increasing the welfare of farmers and increasing regional income can be achieved.

Food security drive and adoption of improved rice varieties on the production efficiencies of upland and lowland rice farmers in north-central Nigeria

To attain the food security target of the country, fostering farmers’ adoption of improved rice varieties will go a long way toward closing the lingering production deficit gap in Nigeria, and meeting up with the ever-increasing demand for rice consumption in the country. This study investigated the effect of the adoption of improved rice varieties on the production efficiencies of rice farmers in the north-central Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was uses to select 387 rice farmers, which includes 201 upland and 186 lowland rice farmers in the study area. A stochastic frontier analytical model (SFA) was employed to estimate production efficiencies (technical, economic and allocative) for the rice farmers. Further, a multivariate regression analysis (MVA) was applied to determine the effect of adoption on the efficiency levels of the rice farmers. The exploratory analysis of the data revealed that the rice varieties available for adoption by the rice farmers in the study area is 10, but both upland and lowland rice farmers adopted more of two rice varieties (Faro-46 and Faro-52). From the SFA results, most of the rice farmers have mean technical, economic and allocative efficiencies of 0.7, 0.54 and 0.76 respectively. The SFA estimates also indicated that seed, herbicide, fertilizer, farm size and capital assets significantly affect the efficiency of upland rice farmers, while the efficiency of their lowland counterparts is influenced by seed, farm size capital and herbicide, amongst others. The MVA estimates also showed that the adoption rate of improved rice varieties, years of formal education, and farm-level factors made significant contributions to the efficiency levels of the rice farmers. Importantly, the levels of adoption of all rice varieties by farmers indeed influenced their technical and economic efficiency, while having no impact on their allocative efficiency. The study recommended that the government, research institutes and developmental agencies should promote easy access to improved rice varieties by farmers, as this can further drive sustained adoption. This can evidently help to achieve desirable yield and enhance the efficiency level of the rice farmers and boost food availability and achieve the zero-hunger target in the study area and Nigeria at large.

Analysis of Farmers' Perceptions Towards Rice Farming for Rice Fields from Gold Mining Without a License (PETI) in Pangkalan Jambu Subdistrict, Merangin District, Jambi Province

Rice is a strategic commodity and is the main priority of the Indonesian people in supporting national food security. Merangin Regency was ranked 5th with a percentage of harvested area of 8.29% while production was 8.47%, and lowland rice productivity in Merangin Regency was 10.21%. Pangkalan Jambu Subdistrict is not the main supplier of lowland rice in Merangin Regency, but research shows that farmers assess the use of ex-PETI rice farming both economically, technically, socially and norms or legally as positive, ex-PETI land is still promising, economically ex-PETI land is profitable and economically Technically, farmers can carry out activities well on former PETI land, and there are no obstacles from social aspects, applicable norms and regulations. The Farmers' Perception score reached 87.33% for economic aspects, 82.49 percent for technical aspects, 79.41 percent for social aspects and 80 percent for aspects of applicable norms and regulations. The productivity of lowland rice farming on former PETI land reaches 3 to 4 tons per hectare. Keywords: Perception, lowland rice, PETI

ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA PADA USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA PUKDALE KECAMATAN KUPANG TIMUR

There are many factors that impede the increase in labor productivity at the research location including education level, farming experience, age and land area. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of labor outpouring in lowland rice farming and to determine the factors that influence labor productivity in lowland rice farming in Pukdale Village, East Kupang District. The location selection was carried out deliberately (purposive sampling), determining the number of respondents according to Arikunto (2010), if the number of subjects was less than 100 then all were taken but if more than 100 then the number of subjects was taken around 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or more. Therefore, the number of samples to be taken at simple random in this study is 10% of the total population of 650 people (Pukdale Village Program, 2021), namely 65 samples. The data collection method used is purposive sampling method (intentionally). The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out using questionnaires or questionnaires, interviews and documentation. For the first objective using HKO analysis = Number of working days X number of working hours X number of people divided by 7, for the second objective using multiple linear regression equations with Douglas's Cobb function. The results showed that the level of labor outpouring was divided into eight parts, namely the land preparation stage with a total of 165,571 HKO, the seed preparation stage with a total of 161,571 HKO, the planting stage with a total of 362,857 HKO, the fertilization stage with a total of 178,571 HKO, the treatment stage with a total of 91,714 HKO, the pest and disease control stage with a total of 132,286 HKO, the harvest stage with a total of 195 HKO and post-harvest with a total of 464 HKO. Of the eight stages, a total of 1,751,570 HKO was obtained with an average of 26,947 and an average per hectare of 33,945 . The results of the regression analysis show that the area of land (X1) and education (X3) have a significant effect on the outpouring of labor (Y). While age (X2) and experience (X4) have no significant effect on labor outpouring (Y).

KOMPARASI SISTEM TANAM JAJAR LEGOWO DAN KONVENSIONAL PADA PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN USAHA TANI PADI SAWAH DI DESA KUIMASI KECAMATAN FATULEU KABUPATEN KUPANG

The Jajar Legowo planting system is a new innovation which in its application aims to increase production and income in lowland rice farming businesses when compared with Conventional planting systems, so this study aims to determine production and income and the magnitude of the difference in productivity and income from lowland rice farming using the Jajar Legowo and Conventional planting systems in Kuimasi Village, Fatuleu District, Kupang Regency. To find out the production and income of rice farming, it is necessary to calculate the farmer's income level using farming income analysis calculations. The results of this study (1) The total production cost of lowland rice farming in Kuimasi Village, Fatuleu District, Kupang Regency using the Jajar Legowo planting system is IDR. 8,420,754.3/Ha, total revenue of Rp. 41,250,000/Ha with an average income of Rp. 32,829,245.7/Ha and the total cost of lowland rice production using a conventional planting system is Rp. 7,258,456.3/Ha, total revenue of Rp. 52,500,000/Ha with an average income of Rp. 45,241,543.7/Ha. (2) The total production costs of lowland rice farming using the Jajar Legowo planting system and the conventional planting system have a difference of Rp. 1,162,289/Ha. The total revenue from rice farming using the Jajar Legowo planting system and the conventional planting system has a difference of Rp. 11,250,000/Ha. The average income using the Jajar Legowo planting system and the conventional planting system has a difference in income of Rp. 12,412,298/Ha in one planting season. Based on these calculations, it can be concluded that the total production costs using the Jajar Legowo planting system are greater than the total production costs using the Conventional planting system, but the total revenue and income using the Conventional planting system is greater than the total revenue and income using the Jajar Legowo planting system.

ANALISIS KEBERAGAMAN USAHA RUMAHTANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH LEBAK DI PINGGIRAN KOTA PALEMBANG

Livelihood strategies are various alternative efforts carried out by households to fulfill living needs for sustainable livelihoods. Through the livelihoods approach, we can understand how people/communities create a livelihood, and how they try to survive. The lives of lowland rice farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City are inseparable from the problem of the water regime conditions of the lowlands with all the impacts it causes as well as social and economic aspects and resource aspects (land conversion) from agriculture to residential and housing land. This research aims to 1) analyze the level of business diversity of farmer households, 2) calculate the amount of income of lowland rice farmer households from the on farm, off farm and non farm sectors. 3) distribute the contribution of various incomes from the off-farm and non-farm sectors to the household income of lowland rice farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City. The data used and the analysis carried out used a combination of primary survey data and qualitative data from the results of in-depth interviews with a sample of 32 families. The results of the research show that the diversity of household businesses of lebak farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City, with the calculation of the entropy index, obtained a value of 0.73. This shows that the efforts made by household members are very good. diverse. The average income from rice farming is Rp. 16,168,113.32 /lg/yr and its contribution to the household is moderate (54.96%), the average non-rice farming income is Rp. 4,319,548.42/year with its contribution to households in the low criteria category (14.68%), and the average non-farming income is IDR. 8,928,750.00/year and its contribution to households in the medium criteria category (30.35%).

IDENTIFIKASI MODEL PENYULUHAN PARTISIPATIF PADA PETANI PADI DI KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA

Aceh Utara has the largest number of farmers in Aceh Province, namely 82,877 farmers who are members of 4,939 farmer groups. This shows that extension activities are carried out well in Aceh Utara. Extension activities are generally carried out starting from planning, implementation and evaluation activities. However, these activities need to be carried out in a participatory manner by actively involving rice farmers in each activity so that an appropriate model in the extension program is important to achieve targeted extension goals. The aim of this research is to identify a participatory extension model for lowland rice farmers, analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results showThe participatory extension model in Aceh Utara is implemented according to procedures, but there is a need to improve the model, namely by establishing farmer contacts and activating their involvement as an extension of the extension agent and as someone who is most trusted by farmers so that the extension program can run well and make it possible to minimize the obstacles faced instructor.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN AESESA KABUPATEN NAGEKEO PADA TAHUN 2013-2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rice harvest area, human resources and rainfall on lowland rice productivity and determine the factors that most influence lowland rice productivity. The data used are quantitative and qualitative data sourced from lowland rice productivity data, harvested area data, human resource data and rainfall data taken from BPS Kabupaten Ende and other relevant agencies, within the last five years. The results of his research were three factors, namely harvested area, human resources and rainfall, all of which did not significantly influence the productivity of lowland rice. Of the three independent variables, namely the rice field harvest area variable, the Human Resources variable and the rainfall variable, it can be seen from the coefficient numbers which are more influential on the productivity of lowland rice, namely the harvest area variable and the Human Resources variable which are positive, namely the coefficient of harvested area is 70.451 and the coefficient of Human Resources is 1.671, while the rainfall variable is negative, namely -160.985. From the results of this study, the local government wants to increase the participation of extension workers to the farming community so that their business spirit and creativity are continuously fostered. It is hoped that lowland rice farmers try as often as possible to get direction or socialization from the local government to improve Human Resources or knowledge.

Analisis Pendapatan dan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L.) di Nagari Kambang Utara Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Income and Welfare of Rice Farmers' Households (Oryza Sativa L) in Nagari Kambang Utara, Pesisir Selatan Regency. This research was conducted from March to April 2020. The research method used is a survey method with a population of 180 people and a sample of 64 people. Data were analyzed, qualitatively and quantitatively descriptively. The results showed that the average income received by rice farmers in North Kambang Nagari, Pesisir Selatan Regency, was Rp. 16,215,639,-/MT and the profit received by farmers is Rp. 13,467,021,-/MT. Based on the R/C ratio analysis, it can be said that lowland rice farming in the research location is profitable because it has an R/C ratio value greater than one. The R/C value of the total cost ratio is 2.6 with the level of welfare including the category of less prosperous households with a GSR value of 1.68 (> 1).

RISIKO PRODUKSI USAHATANI PADI MODEL CORPORATE FARMING DI JAWA TENGAH

<p><em>Corporate farming is a strategic step to increase the production and productivity of subsistence lowland rice farming. In addition, the use of corporate farming model agriculture is a new opportunity to overcome the risk of national rice production. Especially at this time, the rice fields are getting narrower due to the conversion of functions into agro-tourism, housing, industry, and services. The purpose of this research is to estimate the production risk and farmers' behavior towards the risk of rice farming with the corporate farming model in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java. The result of this research shows that the risk of production of the corporate farming model is high with a variability of 50.45. This means that the corporate farming model of rice farming faces the risk of major crop failure. Factors that influence the increase in production risk are SP-36 fertilizer and pesticides, while land area, Urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, and labor have the potential to reduce production risk but have no significant effect. Farmers' behavior towards the risk of farming with the corporate farming model is risk aversion. The attitude of reluctant farmers is shown by their behavior in facing the intermediate risk of 32 farmers</em></p>

Cost and returns analysis of upland and lowland rice production among farmers in North Central Nigeria

Sustainability of the rice production and farmers’ income in Nigeria raises a serious concern due to the rising costs of production inputs and other factors beyond farmers’ control. As a result, the study compared the cost and returns of rice production in North central, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 387 rice farmers in the study area. Descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and seeming unrelated regression were used to analyze the dataset collected. The findings revealed that most of the rice farmers were male, averagely young and have at least 9 family members in their respectively households. Results from Kwara State showed that total cost is higher among the upland rice farmers compared to their lowland counterparts, but reverse was the case in term of net profit, as this favoured the lowland rice farmers. For Niger State and pooled data, the lowland rice farmers had higher net profit than the upland rice farmers. Seemingly unrelated regression estimates indicated that costs associated with fertilizer, herbicide, seed, pesticide and labour used were significant and influencing factors affecting the revenue of rice farmers in the study area. While inaccessibility to cheap farm inputs was the major constraint affecting the rice farmers, other challenges include lack of storage, inadequate rainfall and inadequate credit facilities. The study recommended seamless access to improved rice varieties by the farmers as this can scale up adoption of improved technologies, boost production and ultimately the net revenue of rice farmers. Farmers are also advised to join and/or form a registered occupational groups through which credit facilities can easily be accessed, to expand the farming operations because of the positive and complementary role of social group and access to credit.

Income and Feasibility of Rice Farming (Oryza sativa L.) in Pauh Duo District South Solok Regency

Rice is one of the food crops in the agricultural sector, providing sustenance in the form of rice consumed by the majority of the population. Additionally, it serves as a crucial source of income for farmers. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of farmers, analyze the income and feasibility of lowland rice farming in Pauh Duo District, South Solok Regency. Proportional random sampling was used to select respondents, with a total of 45 participants drawn from a population of 4032 individuals. Income and feasibility analyses were conducted as the primary tools for examination. The results showed that the average income obtained by rice farmers was Rp13,843750.00/ha/MT, with the average cost was Rp7,270,669.79/ha/MT. Consequently, the average income accrued was Rp8,760,453.65/ha/MT. The R/C analysis demonstrated the feasibility of lowland rice farming in the Pauh Duo District, South Solok Regency, with an obtained R/C value of 1.90. This implied that every Rp1 incurred as a cost by the farmer generated an income of 1.90.

Strategi Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Padi Sawah di Langkat Sumatera Utara

Langkat Regency is one of the five largest rice fields in North Sumatra. This is an excellent opportunity to become a rice barn in North Sumatra. So, agricultural technology is needed to support increasing rice productivity. The research aims to form a strategy for developing agricultural technology in Langkat. The development strategy produces SO (strengths-opportunities) strategies, WO (weaknesses-opportunities) strategies, ST (strengths-challenges) strategies, and WT (weaknesses-threats) strategies (North Sumatra. This research was conducted in 2023 with one respondent as a Langkat Regency Agriculture Service field instructor. This resource person was chosen because he was considered capable of describing internal and external problems in lowland rice farming in Langkat. This research used the SWOT tool to identify the IFAS and EFAS factors of lowland rice farming. The study results are accelerating agricultural technology to increase productivity, monitoring the performance of extension workers in reducing pest attacks, and increasing productivity, training, and providing insurance for farmers. The agricultural service collaborates with BMKG for information on extreme weather.

Income and Expenditure Analysis of Selected Lowland Rainfed Rice Farmers in Tubog, Cawayan, Masbate

This study investigated the rice income and expenses of lowland rain-fed farmers in Barangay Tubog to ascertain whether these farmers could generate profits. A survey questionnaire was utilized to collect the data. The findings indicated that rice farmers earned an average annual income of P11,571.43. Conversely, their agricultural costs amounted to an average of P15,681.68 per cropping season. The study revealed that farmers needed more awareness regarding the recommended fertilizer application rates for a given farm area. Consequently, they incurred higher expenses on inputs, which harmed their income. Specifically, the average total cost of land preparation was found to be P3,084.09. The labor cost averaged P3,050.00, while the total expenses on fertilizer per cropping season averaged P5,812.42. Furthermore, the average total cost of pesticides per cropping season was approximately P1,258.42, and the average total milling cost amounted to P1,756.75. Overall, the entire agricultural expenses averaged P15,681.68 per cropping season. In terms of household expenses, the average was calculated to be P12,626.47. The researchers discovered that lowland rain-fed rice farmers in Barangay Tubog incurred higher expenses while generating lower income due to limited production output. This is likely due to some factors, including outdated farming practices, lack of access to credit, and the high cost of inputs. These findings suggested a need for government intervention to support lowland rain-fed rice farmers in Barangay Tubog. This could include providing farmers access to improved farming technologies, credit, and market linkages.

Estimation of loss of rice farmers due to flood at Krueng Kluet Watershed (with the eclac method approach)

Deforestation in protected areas has caused flooding which has an impact on the rice farming sector at Krueng Kluet Aceh watershed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the area and area of rice fields affected by the Krueng Kluet watershed flood and calculate the estimated economic value of rice farmers’ losses due to flooding in the Krueng Kluet watershed using the ECLAC method. The results obtained in this study there are four classifications of flooding in lowland rice farming land, namely, very high, high, medium and low prone, with a total of 1.391 ha of lowland rice land affected by flooding in the Krueng Kluet watershed. The estimated value of the total loss from the impact of floods that hit lowland rice farming in the Krueng Kluet watershed area is 9,052,640,500 IDR. The implication of this research is the forest destruction consequence in the upstream of the Krueng Kluet watershed, the flood intensity is increasing from year to year greatly impacted the paddy rice agricultural sector. As a result of flooding many farmers suffered losses, mainly because the death of planted rice seeds, crop failures and loss of paddy rice production which was swept away by the flood currents.